• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

Hair is based upon the skin which enroll the body of high living animals and have multiple membrane structure. This study were used rats and carried out to find out the effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed of thioglycolic acid and bases. Results were as follows. Permanent wave penetrated to 3 hours later with steady state in skins and was not significant changeable after 20hr later. In case of neutralizer with thioglycolic acid lag time and permeability coefficient in healthy skin were 3.38hr and 0.96$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr, in old skin were 3.14hr and 0.l28$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr, and in wounded skin were 3.08hr and 0.157$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr. In conclusion, lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin were faster than healthy skin. In vivo which was studied by general time and method of permanent wave. We found out that fine rinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin. Also, permanent wave drugs could induced rash and eruption at the skin by the naked eye.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.235-242
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• 2012

In recently constructed building, It has become fashionable again that the heavy external skin system such as a Stone Finished Envelope. There are Squared Steel Pipe Methods, C-Shaped Steel Pipe Methods, and Aluminum Beam Methods in the structure of a heavy external skin system. The Aluminum Beam Methods is often misunderstood as a Plane Truss Structure, but this method is not appropriate to be called to a truss structure but a beam methods. The Aluminum Beam Methods is the most Eco-friendly methods in terms of Quality assurance, Efficiency, Safety, Construction period, Durability, and Recyclability. And this Methods is also very appropriate in considering the point of Energy conservation, Waste reduction, Long-life architecture, Replacement parts, Environmental protection, Public efficiency, and Building demolition.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2013

Timber is an eco-friendly material that is suitable for low carbon and green growth, and recently, studies on utilization and manufacture of timber are increasing. Thus, we need a stable supply of wood working materials for the formative element and widespread function of timber. It is necessary to develop the use of timber because it enhances the added value of this material by making the most of it. In this way, skin-timber is an appropriate material for life articles because skin-timber has a variety of functions including the ability for storage use, the beauty of structure, the ability to maintain heat and insulation, and the capability to control humidity. In this study, I developed household items using skin-timbers that are made up of circular columns and square columns of pine, larch, and yellow popular. The circular and square columns have an inner hole that is approximately 90% of the external structure's width. I intended for the concept of these designs to display creativity considering functionality and productivity. These items are life articles and furniture for modern people. They are eco-friendly products that are varnished with traditional lacquer and natural oil. According to the result of this study, skin-timbers are made of domestic pine, larch, and yellow popular and are resource of furniture, household items, and woodcraft. I believe skin-timber is not only a useful material for processability and design applicability, but it also has the capability to be a multifunctional and high value-added material. Also, if the standards, such as cortex thickness, outside diameter, and length, of skin-timber are producted diversely, I believe skin-timber can be have more the possibility of industrial products' development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.42-45
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• 2001

The characteristics of smart skin for wireless LAN system under compression load are investigated. The smart skin structure is composed of 3 layers of face material and 2 layers of core material. Theoretical formula for determining buckling load is derived by Rayleigh-Ritz method and compared with experimental result. The maximum length of specimen that buckling does not occur is determined by only face material. In the experiment, if load supporting capability and the antenna property such as radiation pattern and reflection coefficient were examined.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.749-754
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• 2022

High adhesion and water resistance of the skin surface are required for wearable and skin-attachable electronic patches in various medical applications. In this study, we report a stretchable electronic patch that mimics the drainable structure pattern of the hexagonal channels of frog's pads and the sucker of an octopus based on carbon-based conductive polymer composite materials. The hexagonal channel structure that mimics the pads of frogs drains water and improves adhesion through crack arresting effect, and the suction structure that mimics an octopus sucker shows high adhesion on wet surfaces. In addition, the high-adhesive electronic patch has excellent adhesion to various surfaces such as silicone wafer (max. 4.06 N/cm²) and skin replica surface (max. 1.84 N/cm²) in dry and wet conditions. The high skin-adhesive electronic patch made of a polymer composite material based on a polymer matrix and carbon particles can reliably detect electrocardiogram (ECG) in dry and humid environments. The proposed electronic patch presents potential applications for wearable and skin-attachable electronic devices for detecting various biosignals.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to develop a composite human skin equivalent for wound healing. Collagen type1 and acellular dermal matrix powder were utilized as the scaffold with dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes for the development of a composite human skin equivalent. Fibroblast maintained the volume of composite skin equivalent and also induced keratinocytes to attach and proliferate on the surface of composite skin equivalent. The composite human skin equivalent had a structure and curvature similar to those of real skin. Balb-C nu/nu mice were used for the evaluation of full-thickness wound healing effect of the composite human skin equivalent. Graft of composite skin equivalent on full-thickness wound promoted re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation at 9 days. Given the average wound-healing time (14 days), the wound in the developed composite skin equivalent healed quickly. The overall results indicated that this three-dimensional composite human skin equivalent can be used to effectively enhance wound healing.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 2014

For the characteristic assessment of biomimetic shark skin structure pattern for engineering applications, we conducted the elastic hydrodynamic lubrication analysis for the shark skin surface pattern. The shark skin surfaces with roughness are generated numerically in the similar size with real shark skin scales. For the spherical contact on the generated shark skin surface with two different flow directions which are transversal and longitudinal, 3-dimensional elasto-hydrodynamic lubraction analysis are carried out. The result of the longitudinal flow which are similar with the flow of shark skin shows more beneficial effects with lower pressure and less sensitive effect with surface roughness.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.399-406
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• 2013

In the present study, the flat plate model test method is developed to evaluate the skin friction of the marine coating in the cavitation tunnel. Six-component force balance is used to measure the profile drag of the flat plate and strut. LDV(laser Doppler velocimetry) technique is also employed to evaluate the drag and to figure out the reason of the drag reduction. The flow velocities above the surface can be used to assess the skin friction, combined with direct force measurement. Since the vortical structure in the coherent turbulence structure influences on the skin friction in the high Reynolds number regime, the interaction between the turbulence structure and the surface wall is paying more attention. This sort of thing is important in the passive control of the turbulent boundary layer because the skin friction can't be determined only by wall condition. As complicated flow phenomena exist around a paint film, systematic measurement and analysis are necessary to evaluate the skin friction appropriately.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2826-2840
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• 2018

Traditional methods based active contours or region merging are powerless in processing images with blurring border or hair occlusion. In this paper, a structure based convolutional neural networks is proposed to solve segmentation of skin lesion image. The structure mainly consists of two networks which are segmentation net and discrimination net. The segmentation net is designed based U-net that used to generate the mask of lesion, while the discrimination net is designed with only convolutional layers that used to determine whether input image is from ground truth labels or generated images. Images were obtained from "Skin Lesion Analysis Toward Melanoma Detection" challenge which was hosted by ISBI 2016 conference. We achieved segmentation average accuracy of 0.97, dice coefficient of 0.94 and Jaccard index of 0.89 which outperform the other existed state-of-the-art segmentation networks, including winner of ISBI 2016 challenge for skin melanoma segmentation.

• Composites Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2006

In this paper, conceptual structural design of the main wing for a small scale WIG(Wing in Ground Effect) among high speed ship projects, which will be a high speed maritime transportation system for the next generation in Rep. of Korea, was performed. The Carbon/Epoxy material was selected for the major structure, and the skin-spar with a foam sandwich structural type was adopted for improvement of lightness and structural stability. As a design procedure for the present study, firstly the design load was estimated through the critical flight load case study, and then flanges of the front and rear spars from major bending loads and the skin and the spar webs from shear loads were preliminarily sized using the netting rule and the rule of mixture. Stress analysis was performed by a commercial FEA code, NASTRAN. From the stress analysis results for the first designed wing structure, it was confirmed that the upper skin between the front spar and the rear spar was unstable fer the buckling. Therefore in order to solve this problem, a middle spar and the foam sandwich type structure at the skin and the web were added. After design modification, the structural safety and stability for the final design feature was confirmed. In addition to this, the insert bolt type structure with eight high strength bolts to fix the wing structure to the fuselage was adopted for easy assembly and removal as well as in consideration of more than 20 years fatigue life.