• Urogenital Tract Infection
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2018

Purpose: The 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) reduces the size of the prostate and alleviates lower urinary tract symptoms. After stopping 5ARI, the prostate quickly recovers to its pre-medication size. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the restoration of prostate size after 5ARI discontinuation. Materials and Methods: Between March 2009 and May 2017, patients who visited an outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected and start 5ARI medication. After 6 months of medication, the patients stopped medication for 1 year. Meanwhile, we measured the prostate volumes of patients 3 times (before and after medication, after discontinuation) and divide the patients into 3 groups (maintained, intermediate, and restored) with recovered prostate volume ratio. After classification, we investigated the relationship between the variable factors (age, serum prostate-specific antigen, initial volume, reduced volume after medication) between groups. Results: Among the 147 selected patients, the mean age and plasma PSA level were $61.6{\pm}7.9$ and $0.8{\pm}0.6$, respectively. The mean initial prostate volume was $32.3{\pm}4.2ml$, which reduced to $23.2{\pm}3.2ml$ after medication. After one year of discontinuation, the mean volume was $31.4{\pm}6.4ml$, with restoration to 101.5% of the reduced size. We noticed a tendency that patients with faster prostate volume recovery were generally older than those with slower recovery; however, this was not statistically significant. Other factors showed no relationship with prostate recovery. Conclusions: When using 5ARI in elderly patients, continuous treatment seems better than intermittent treatment. If discontinuation is needed, short term follow-up is recommended.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.443-455
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• 2021

본 연구는 국내 간호단위 관리자의 변혁적 리더십 선행요인들에 대한 메타분석을 실시하여 이들 변인들의 관계를 통합하여 제시하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구는 PRISMA 지침에 따라 국내·외 데이터베이스를 통해 문헌을 수집하였으며, 최종적으로 선정된 23편의 문헌에 대한 변혁적 리더십과 선행요인간의 상관관계 효과크기를 산출하였다. 연구결과 23편 연구의 전체 효과크기는 ESzr=.54로 큰 효과크기였다. 변혁적 리더십 선행요인들을 개인·심리군, 직무관련 변인군, 조직관련 변인군의 세 개의 범주로 분류하였으며, 그 중 조직관련 변인군의 효과크기가 ESzr=.56으로 가장 큰 효과 크기를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 변혁적 리더십을 발휘하기 위해 선행되는 요인들에 대한 효과크기를 메타분석을 통해 검증하였으며, 본 연구의 결과는 간호 관리자의 변혁적 리더십 향상을 위한 중재 프로그램 개발 시 근거가 되는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.231-247
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of ICT literacy in the primary school students in South Korea and to examine the gender and city size difference on the factor of ICT literacy. To accomplish this goal, we have analyzed the data of Korea Youth Competency Measurement and International Comparative Study I: ICCS 2016 which is nationally collected from the primary school students, currently on the 5 ~ 6th grades in South Korea. 1,188 samples were used in the study excluding missing samples. The participants were 584 5^th grad and 604 6^th grad students, 620 males (52.2%) and 568 females (47.8%). The mean age was 13.49 years (SD=.52). The result of the study reveals the four factors of ICT literacy through cross-validating exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis; pleasure of using ICT, perceived usefulness of using ICT, learning ability with using ICT, and operating ability of ICT. This study found that the leaner differ in gender on learning ability with using ICT and pleasure of using ICT. The female students were significantly larger than male students on learning ability with using ICT. However, the male students were significantly larger than male students on pleasure of using ICT. This study found that the leaner differ in city size on the factors of ICT literacy excluding pleasure of using ICT. The students living in the big size city were significantly larger than the students living in the middle and small. That is, over all, female students were more learning with ICT, male students were more interesting about ICT, and the students living in the big size city were more ICT use for learning. Based on the results, some strategies were suggested on the proper use of the factors of ICT in education.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.743-756
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to set measurement parts which are important to identify the size and shape of the head in order to produce tightly fitted hats, and to identify detailed sizes and the major factors of head shape classifications of Korean women. A total of 285 Korean women's in the age group of 18 to 35 years old. It were measured through the direct measurement method by selecting 67 measurement items. Materials were analyzed by SPSS Ver.10 and technology statistics and factor analysis were performed according to the agenda. An attempt was made to conduct factor analysis of the measured region of the head in women's. Here, this study drew the head and the facial parts horizontal size as Factor 1, the head and facial parts vertical size as Factor 2, the circumference and width item as Factor 3, the factor representing the form of head height as Factor 4, the factor expressing the proportion of the facial form as Factor 5 and the factor about the frontal and back head form on the plan of the middle as Factor 6. Through this study, we will be able to systemize head measurement materials that can differentiate Korean's head from other peoples' and can use the results in developing head shape models according to Korean's head shape by selecting major head parts needed to identify the sizes and shapes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2003

This study was peformed to establish the standard size system to be required for the production of brassiere. The subject were 155 Korean twenties-aged women and were directly measured anthropometrically. From 27 measurements, 5 factors were extracted through factor analysis. The accumulative contribution ratio is 76.92％. Factor 1 indicates the degree of obesity around the chest, factor 2 is the drooping degree of breast, factor 3 is the contours and prominence, factor 4 is the breast breadth and breadth of bust point, factors 5 is the volume of breast. The subject were classified into 3 cluster as their breast types through cluster analysis. Type 1 is the closest to the ideal breast shape and not too droopy. This group belonged to 75A. Type 2 has small breast and belonged to 70AA group. Type 3 is the obesest and has the biggest and droopy breast. This group belonged to 75B. The distribution of size of brassiere had 3 sections from 70 to 80 showing a rate of 81.94% and the sin of the cup had 4 sections from AAA cup to B cup showing a rate of 89.70％. The production ratio of each brassiere size, it was found that the brassiere size of highest production ratio was 75A(16.39％) in type 1,70AA(16.27%) in type 2, and 75B(13.72％) in type 3. This suggests that it is necessary to adjust for the production rate of brassieres.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.988-1001
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• 2018

The head and face are the most complicated structures of the human body. However, unlike apparel products, many of the head and face related products are produced in unisex or one-size-fits-all. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a practical analysis that reflects these size structures. This study analyzed head and face measurements of men, women, and both men and women; its purpose lying in clarifying the differences and commonalities between the measurements of men and women and discovering the possibility of integrating analysis on measurements of men and women. 3D face and head measurement data of men and women from 20 to 29 years-old from Size Korea's 6th human body size data were analyzed for this study. The mutual 9 factors were extracted as the results of the three factor analyses (both men and women) separately and men and women integrated. However in the cluster analysis based on the 9 factors, men and women showed mutual characteristics and different landscape in group types and distribution. The commonalities and differences between men and women observed in this study should be applied to the sizes of head and face products.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Purpose - Distribution of agricultural products is collapsing due to recent changes in the environment balance between retailers and producers. Further, the increase in the imports of agricultural products due to free trade has caused revenue problems for producers. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties, and the organized producing center's importance is growing each day. Korean organized producing centers' policies have been conducted since 2000, and have thus been sustained for more than 10 years. Organizing a producing center's business is focused on agricultural cooperative and farming association corporation this has already have been carried out. In addition, it has achieved significant results through these organizations, but it still has many problems. Research design, data, and methodology - Organized producing centers were classified for each type. The survey covered 90 organizations, based on factor analysis, analysis of balance, and logistic regression analysis. The results of the conducted factor analysis are as follows. Production, marketing, human resources management, organizational skills, post management, safety, and scale were classified as the seven kinds of factors. These are the factors that affect the organized producing centers through the variance analysis and logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest the direction for the future organized producing centers' policies. Result - Results of the analysis of the variance are listed below. Items by type, production, marketing, human resource management, and organizational skills are shown to depict differences between the factors. Organization form results show that production and marketing showed a difference between the factors. The size of the organization, production, and marketing showed the difference between the factors. The factors affect organized producing centers differently depending on the type shown, as seen from the results. In contrast, the logistic regression results of the analysis are as follows. Considering the results by the type of item, and the horticulture type of marketing, human resource management has a (+) influence. Grain type and production showed a (+) influence. New types of income affecting organizational skills have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of organization, the agricultural cooperative type of marketing and human resource management have (+) influence. Farming association corporation type of production has a (+) influence. As a result, the size of the organization is as follows. Large organizations are production, expressed in marketing with a (+) impact. Medium-size organizations are expressed with their size factor having a (+) impact. Small organizations are expressed with a safety factor having a (+) impact. Conclusions - The types of factors display different effects. One factor is that the type of a (+) represents the influence of other factors (-) as per factor symptomatology. Therefore, the type of measures to organize a strategy to maximize the benefits of your organization should be pursued. In addition, based on the support for small organizations, improving the quality of the producer organization should be considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2001

Litter size has been one of the important economic traits in porcine reproduction. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been shown to mediate actions of the steroid hormone or to synergize with other endocrine factors so that it consequently plays roles in reproductive processes, including ovulation, implantation, maintenance of pregnancy, and fetal development. However, the effect of the serum IGF system on porcine litter size has not been deeply studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to relate serum IFG-II concentration and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression with porcine litter size. Moreover, the possible association of those with estrogen receptor (ER) as a candidate gene for litter size was investigated. Swine were separated into two groups showing high and low litter sizes, and sera were collected from sows in the estrous cycle to postnatal growth of their female progeny. Serum IFG-II concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay and IGFBP-3 expression was detected by Western ligand blotting. During the estrous cycle, IGFBP-3 expression in both groups decreased moderately from metestrus to estrus, but IFG-II concentration showed a reverse pattern. Also, IFG-II concentration and IGFBP-3 expression decreased gradually as pregnancy proceeded. Unlike IGFBP-3, IFG-II decreased moderately as newborn pigs grew. Significant differences in serum IFG-II amount between the two groups were detected at 60 (p<0.01), 75, 90, and 105 d (p<0.05) of pregnancy and at 60 (p<0.01), 45, and 105 d (p<0.05) of postnatal growth. Furthermore, based on ER genotypes, a high litter size group with genotypes AB and BB showed lower IFG-II concentration than a low litter size group with a genotype AA during pregnancy. Taken together, the results indicate that the serum IFG-II and IGFBP-3 are correlated with the litter size in pigs.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2002

폴리스티렌의 취약한 성질을 개선한 내충격정 폴리스티렌 (HIPS)의 내충격성에 영향을 주는 요소는 분산된 고무상 입자의 크기 및 입도분포, 분자량, 형태구조, 그래프트율 등이다. 이에 따라 HIPS의 물성은 영향을 받으므로 이를 조절하거나 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 HIPS의 벌크-용액중합에서 용매함량이 고무입자의 형태구조 및 입도분포, 최종 물성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 먼저 중합 진행에 따른 분산상의 입도분포를 측정함으로써 상역전 현상의 변화 추이를 파악하여 전중합 시간을 결정하였다. 중합시 분산용매는 적절한 양에 도달하기 전까지는 고무입자의 크기가 증가하였으며, 그 후에는 점차적으로 감소하였다. 고무상의 형태구조는 분산용매가 증가함에 따라서 그래프트율이 증가하는 형태구조로 바뀌는 것으로 사료된다. 분산용매가 첨가됨에 따라 유변물성 및 인장물성이 취약해졌는데, 이는 분산용매에 의한 사슬이동반응이 매트릭스상인 폴리스티렌의 분자량을 감소시킨 점과 잔류 용매의 존재 때문이었다. 하지만 내충격성은 분산입자의 크기가 증가한 경우 향상되는 경향을 보였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.165-170
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study is to generate a fine copper oxide powder of high purity, with a compact structure and a uniform particle size by a spray pyrolysis process. The raw material is a waste copper chloride solution formed in the manufacturing process of Print Circuit Board (PCB). This study also examines the influences of various factors on the properties of the generated powder. These factors include the reaction temperature, the inflow speed of the raw material solution, the inflow speed of the air, the size of the nozzle tip, and the concentration of the raw material solution. It is discovered that, as the reaction temperature increases from 80$0^{\circ}C$ to 100$0^{\circ}C$ , the particle size of the generated powder increases accordingly, and that the structure of the powder becomes much more compact. When the reaction temperature is 100$0^{\circ}C$, the particle size of the generated powder increases as the concentration of copper in the raw material solution increases to 40g/l, decreases as the concentration increases up to 120g/l, and increases again as the concentration reaches 200g/1. In the case of a lower concentration of the raw material solution, the generated powder appears largely in the form of CuO. As the concentration increases, however, the powder appears largely in the form of CuCl. When the concentration of copper in the raw material solution is 120g/1, the particle size of the generated powder increases as the inflow speed of the raw material solution increases. When the concentration of copper in the raw material solution is 120g/1, there is no evident change in the particle size of the generated powder as the size of the nozzle tip and the air pressure increases. When the concentration is 40g/1, however, the particle size keeps increasing until the air pressure increases to 0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, but decreases remarkably as the air pressure exceeds 0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$.