• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.359-385
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• 2013

The study looked into the effect of internet utilization (utilization frequency and utilization ability in internet) on the life satisfaction level for the elderly in depth. In order to verify the correlation of two variables, a mediating model structured by ego integrity was used which gave out the Seoul welfare panel data created by Seoul welfare foundation in 2010. The total sample size was a group of 1862 elders aged over 60. When it came to our research methods, structured equation analysis was applied to verify the mediating effect and theoretical background. The findings are as follows: First, elderly's utilization frequency in internet is not an influencing factor to life satisfaction and elderly's utilization ability in internet is an influencing factor to life satisfaction. Second, the level of social activity did function as partial mediator on relationship between elderly's utilization ability in internet and life satisfaction. This study indicates theoretical and practical interventions to promote elderly's utilization in internet.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.2113-2125
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• 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digesta viscosity, and dietary nutrient utilization in broiler chickens through a meta-analysis. The effects were further examined by a meta-regression analysis with activity levels of β-mannanase in broiler diets. Methods: A total of 23 studies, which were conducted in 11 countries and completed between December 2003 and August 2023, were selected for this meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference and its 95% confidence interval were calculated as the effect size metrics using random effect model, with I² value being utilized to measure heterogeneity. Investigated measurements included body weight gain (BWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), VH:CD ratio, digesta viscosity, nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy (AME_n), apparent ileal digestibility (AID), and apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and nitrogen (N). All statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.3.3. Results: Results revealed significant positive effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on BWG (p = 0.005), FCR (p<0.001), VH (p<0.001), VH:CD (p<0.001), digesta viscosity (p<0.001), AME_n (p = 0.011), AID of GE (p = 0.002) and N (p = 0.003), and ATTR of DM (p = 0.019), GE (p = 0.002), and N (p = 0.005) in broiler chickens. In the meta-regression analysis, increasing activity levels of β-mannanase in broiler diets increased VH:CD (p< 0.001; R² = 79.2%) and AID of N (p = 0.038; R² = 67.4%). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis indicates that dietary β-mannanase supplementation improves energy and nutrient utilization in broiler diets possibly by decreasing digesta viscosity and enhancing intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. These beneficial effects can contribute to improved growth performance in broiler chickens.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.819-828
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• 2011

This research was done to clarify the cooling effect of water particles generated from a fountain. This effect is a one way to control the heat island effect of big cities. The result of this research was drawn by setting the jets of water in a certain height, and then studying the diffusion of water particles, which is affected by the size of the particles and the wind speed, and the cooling effect caused by the diffusion. 1) When a diameter of a water drop was 500 ${\mu}m$ and the wind speed was 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec, the water drop diffused 75 to 190m, and the water vapor spread over 175 to 440 m. As a result, there was more than $0.5^{\circ}C$ of cooling effect on the temperature in the atmosphere 130 to 330m around the water fountain. 2) When a diameter of a water drop was 750 ${\mu}m$ and the wind speed was 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec, the water drop diffused 65 to 150 m, and the water vapor spread over 160 to 405 m. Moreover, there was more than $0.5^{\circ}C$ of cooling effect on the temperature in the atmosphere 110 to 275 m around the water fountain. 3) After studying on the relationship between the diameter of water drop and the wind speed, and the diffusion of water particles and the range of the atmosphere that was cooled, a result could be drawn from the research that the smaller the diameter of the water vapor gets and the faster the wind speed becomes, the wider the water particles diffuse and the cooler the atmosphere around the fountain becomes. 4) This research further extrapolates that when the ordinary water(tap water, water from river and stream) is used in a fountain, the cooling effect of the air near the fountain can be approached similarly. If the seawater is used in a fountain, there is to be more to concern not only on cooling effect on the air, but also on other effects on surrounding environment generated by the salt in seawater.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.13-28
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• 2017

Entrepreneurship is an important factor not only for start-ups, but also for scale-up of businesses. In other words, the two aspects of establishment and growth of businesses must be balanced through entrepreneurship. However, it is true that entrepreneurship has been biased toward the former in previous researches and government policies. Here in this research, the causal relationships between the entrepreneurial characteristics of Korean firms and the performance of the company, which is measured by proposal, activity, and business performance are examined as a growth perspective. Based on these relationships, a model describing the operating mechanism of corporate entrepreneurship is derived and policy implications are provided. In conducting research, the hypotheses on the interrelationship of variables are builded using '2016 Entrepreneurship Situation Survey(Corporate)' data from Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation and analyzed by structural equation modeling. In addition, the moderating effect according to the firm size and the mediating effect between entrepreneurship and business performance are analyzed. As a result of this research, the fact that entrepreneurship affects business performance is identified and it is necessary to prioritize corporate vision and strategy for enhancement of entrepreneurship. In particular, necessity of operating system for SMEs is confirmed considering SMEs' entrepreneurship level. The implications of this research are expected to be applied by the government in establishing policy direction to enhance corporate entrepreneurship of SMEs in the future.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

Purpose: Recombining bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is usually acquiredfrom high level animals. Though this method is effective, its high cost limits its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 with protein transduction domain (BMP-2/PTD;TATBMP-2) on bone regeneration. Rat calvarial defect model and osteoblastic differentiation model using MC3T3 cell were used for the purpose of the study. Materials and Methods: MC3T3 cells were cultured until they reached a confluence stage. The cells were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500 ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD for 21 days and at the end of the treatment, osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated usingvon Kossa staining. An 8mm, calvarial, critical-size osteotomy defect was created in each of 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats (weight $250{\sim}300\;g$). Three groups of 16 animals each received either BMP-2/PTD (0.05mg/ml) in a collagen carrier, collagen only, or negative surgical control. And each group was divided into 2 and 8 weeks healing intervals. The groups were evaluated by histologic analysis(8 animals/group/healing intervals) Result: In osteoblastic differentiation evaluation test, a stimulatory effect of BMP-2/PTD was observed in 10ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD with no observation of dose-dependent manner. The BMP-2/PTD group showed enhanced local bone formation in the rat calvarial defect at 2 weeks. New bone was observed at the defect margin and central area of the defect. However, new bone formation was observed only in 50% of animals used for 2weeks. In addition, there was no new bone formation observed at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that BMP-2/PTD(TATBMP-2) have an positive effect on the bone formation in vitro and in vivo. However, further study should be conducted for the reproducibility of the outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2009

This research presents the effect of Asian dust on the derived sea surface temperature (SST) from measurements of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument flown onboard NOAA polar orbiting satellites. To analyze the effect, A VHRR infrared brightness temperature (TB) is estimated from simulated radiance calculated from radiative transfer model on various atmospheric conditions. Vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity from radiosonde observation are used to build up the East Asian atmospheric conditions in spring. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and size distribution are derived from skyradiation measurements to be used as inputs to the radiative transfer model. The simulation results show that single channel TB at window region is depressed under the Asian dust condition. The magnitude of depression is about 2K at nadir under moderate aerosol loading, but the magnitude reaches up to 4K at slant path. The dual channel difference (DCD) in spilt window region is also reduced under the Asian dust condition, but the reduction of DCD is much smaller than that shown in single channel TB simulation. Owing to the depression of TB, SST has cold bias. In addition, the effect of AOT on SST is amplified at large satellite zenith angle (SZA), resulting in high variance in derived SSTs. The SST depression due to the presence of Asian dust can be expressed as a linear function of AOT and SZA. On the basis of this relationship, the effect of Asian dust on the SST retrieval from the conventional daytime multi-channel SST algorithm can be derived as a function of AOT and SZA.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.57-83
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• 2013

There has neither been enough research on how to approach the concept of active aging through an integrated view nor an examination to verify the relationship between preparation for old age and active aging in later life. Therefore, this research aims to verify that the elderly, who have prepared for their later life, affected their active aged life. In addition, by setting up self-efficacy and social support as mediator in the research model, this paper looks into the psycho-social resource mechanism of the relationship in depth. In order to verify the correlation of two variables, the Seoul welfare panel data, a mediating model structured by psycho-social resources created by Seoul welfare foundation in 2010, was used. The total sample size was a group of 1,492 elders aged over 65. When it came to our research methods, structured equation analysis was applied to verify the mediating effect and theoretical background. The results revealed that physical preparation, financial preparation, social preparation and leisure preparation directly affected their active aging level positively, thus, psycho-social resources showed a partial mediating effect between preparation for old age of the past and active aging level. The research implications are as follows. First, this research makes an effort to approach the concept of preparation for old age with an integrated perspective through making a construct by entire preparation types. Second, it will attempt to verify the relationship between preparation for old age in the past and active aging in terms of multi-dimension is meaningful. Third, this research reveals the function of psycho-social resource, self-efficacy and social support within the relationship. As far as the partial mediating effect is concerned, preparation for old age education for the middle-aged class should be modified as a decent field to enhance of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.451-456
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• 2018

The current study was conducted to confirm the anti-cancer effect of Sarijang, which is a mixture of extracts from purple bamboo salt, Rhynchosia nulubilis, garlic, and Ulmi cortex. Nude mice were injected with a human-derived colorectal cancer cell (HCT116 cell line) and subsequently administered Sarijang for 4 weeks, following which the body weight, organ weight, and tumor size were measured. To evaluate the anti-cancer mechanism of Sarijang, the levels of p16 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cell cycle regulators in colorectal cancer, were measured. To evaluate the toxicity of Sarijang on liver and kidney, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were analyzed. Sarijang not only reduced the tumor size by enhancing p16 and suppressing ERK, but also showed no side-effect in the liver and kidneys. Taken together, Sarijang has the potential to inhibit tumor growth without side effects, and may be used as a useful functional food.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.457-469
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• 2017

Obesity is one of the most serious health problem because it induced numerous metabolic syndrome and increases the incidence of various disease, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increases in reactive oxygens species (ROS) occur with lipid accumulation. NADPH oxidase, producing superoxide anion, may contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the effect of Chaenomeles sinensis koehne extract (CSE) against the development of obesity and the inhibition mechanisms in 3T3-L1 preadiocytes. CSE decreased triglyceride content and inhibited the expression of adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\gamma}$, CCAT/enhancer binding protein $(C/EBP){\alpha}$ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1). In addition, CSE highly increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. CSE remarkably reduced intracellular ROS increase and NAD(P)H oxidase activity, NOX1, NOX4, Rac1 protein expression, and phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox We also studied the effect of CSE on weight gain induced by high-fat diet. The oral treatment of CSE (500 mg/kg, body weight) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice showed decrease in triglyceride and adipocyte size. Therefore, these results indicate that the effect of CSE on anti-obese effects, adipocyte differentiation and reducing triglyceride contents as well as adipocyte size in obese mice, may be associated with inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase-induced ROS production and adipose transcription factors. These results showed the potential to inhibit the obesity by CSE treatment through controlling the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in vitro and in vivo obese model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of non-pharmacological interventions for Korean adults with insomnia. Literature review was performed for articles published between 2000 and 2016 in electronic databases. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by R version 3.3.1 for windows. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model; the overall effect size of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep was significantly large (Hedges' g=2.36, 95% CI: 1.44~3.28). For heterogeneity, a moderator analysis was performed using the study design, participants, age group, intervention, presence of hospitalization, and sleep measurement. There was a statistically significant difference between the effects of moderator variables, except for the study design and participants. Of the interventions, auricular acupressure reported to have the largest effect size on sleep. The findings in this study indicate that non-pharmacological interventions have a positive effect on sleep, providing objective evidence to improve sleep in adults with insomnia using effective interventions.