• Title/Summary/Keyword: site-specific model

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Surface Complexation Model을 이용한 양이온 중금속(Pb, Cd) 흡착반응의 모델화 연구 (Studies on the Adsorption Modeling of Cationic Heavy Metals(Pb, Cd) by the Surface Complexation Model)

  • 신용일;박상원
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 1999
  • Surface complexation models(SCMs) have been performed to predict metal ion adsorption behavior onto the mineral surface. Application of SCMs, however, requires a self-consistent approach to determine model parameter values. In this paper, in order to determine the metal ion adsorption parameters for the triple layer model(TLM) version of the SCM, we used the zeta potential data for Zeolite and Kaolinite, and the metal ion adsorption data for Pb(II) and Cd(II). Fitting parameters determined for the modeling were as follows ; total site concentration, site density, specific surface area, surface acidity constants, etc. Zeta potential as a new approach other than the acidic-alkalimetric titration method was adopted for simulation of adsorption phenomena. Some fitting parameters were determined by the trial and error method. Modeling approach was successful in quantitatively simulating adsorption behavior under various geochemical conditions.

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WEPP 모형을 이용한 우회수로 및 식생수로의 유출 및 토사유출 저감 평가 (Evaluation of Runoff and Sediment Yield Reduction with Diversion Ditch and Vegetated Swale Using WEPP Model)

  • 최재완;신동석;김익재;임경재
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제44권11호
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    • pp.863-873
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    • 2011
  • 전세계적으로 토사유출은 심각한 문제로 알려져 있다. 환경관리자, 농부 및 다른 토지소유자들을 위해 다양한 모델링 테크닉이 개발되어왔고, 토양유실 저감을 위해 다양한 site-specific 최적관리기법의 효율을 산정하여 활용하였다. 물리적기반인 WEPP 모형은 시 공간적으로 작은 유역과 필지에서 발생하는 토양유실을 산정할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 WEPP watershed version을 이용하여 강원도 홍천군 자운리에 위치한 연구지역에 빗물 우회수로와 식생수로를 적용하였다. 우회수로 적용시 유출량과 토사유출량은 각각5.8%, 29.6% 저감되었으며, 식생수로 적용시 각각 9.8%, 14.5% 저감되었다. 식생수로와 우회수로를 혼합한 식생우회수로는 유출량과 토사유출량이 각각 11.8%, 40.4% 저감되었다. 본 연구의 결과와 같이 WEPP 모형은 유출량과 토사유출량 저감효과를 산정하고, site-specific 토사유출저감 최적관리기법 수립에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

The three-dimensional microstructure of trabecular bone: Analysis of site-specific variation in the human jaw bone

  • Kim, Jo-Eun;Shin, Jae-Myung;Oh, Sung-Ook;Yi, Won-Jin;Heo, Min-Suk;Lee, Sam-Sun;Choi, Soon-Chul;Huh, Kyung-Hoe
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.227-233
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study was performed to analyze human maxillary and mandibular trabecular bone using the data acquired from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and to characterize the site-specific microstructures of trabeculae. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine cylindrical bone specimens were prepared from the mandible and maxilla. They were divided into 5 groups by region: the anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, posterior mandible, and mandibular condyle. After the specimens were scanned using a micro-CT system, three-dimensional microstructural parameters such as the percent bone volume, bone specific surface, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number, structure model index, and degrees of anisotropy were analyzed. Results: Among the regions other than the condylar area, the anterior mandibular region showed the highest trabecular thickness and the lowest value for the bone specific surface. On the other hand, the posterior maxilla region showed the lowest trabecular thickness and the highest value for the bone specific surface. The degree of anisotropy was lowest at the anterior mandible. The condyle showed thinner trabeculae with a more anisotropic arrangement than the other mandibular regions. Conclusion: There were microstructural differences between the regions of the maxilla and mandible. These results suggested that different mechanisms of external force might exist at each site.

웹 디자인의 스타일 유형과 사용자 심상 모델과의 비교 방법 연구 (A Study on Comparison Methods of the Web Design Style Pattern and User′s Mental Model)

  • 천가경;최인환
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.189-198
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    • 2004
  • 특정 웹사이트의 스타일은 그 사이트가 가지고 있는 성격을 사용자에게 가장 빠르고 정확하게 전달할 수 있는 중요한 방편이다. 또한 보다 효과적인 웹사이트의 구축을 위해서도 그 웹사이트가 대변하는 조직의 특성에 합당한 스타일의 구현은 상당히 중요한 디자인 요소로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로, 본 연구에서는 웹 디자인의 효과적인 기획을 위한 하나의 방편으로서 적절한 스타일 방향을 모색하기 위한 방법 탐색에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 이를 위해 인터넷 및 문헌연구를 통해 웹 디자인 스타일에 대한 고찰을 시도하였고, 이어서 국내외 여러 웹사이트들의 스타일 유형을 바탕으로 분석을 모색하였다. 또한 그 결과를 기반으로 웹디자인 스타일 유형과 사용자의 심상모델에 관한 설문 조사를 설계 및 수행하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 금번 연구의 결과로는 일반적인 디자인과정의 스타일 결정과정 단계에서 광범위하게 활용될 수 있는 객관적인 방법의 한 예를 제시하였다는 데 있다. 이는 향후 여러 가지 디자인 분야에서 스타일의 결정 단계에서 본 연구에서 수행된 것과 유사한 방법을 적절히 활용하는 것에서 그 효용성을 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

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Radionuclide-Specific Exposure Pathway Analysis of Kori Unit 1 Containment Building Surface

  • Byon, Jihyang;Park, Sangjune;Ahn, Seokyoung
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.347-354
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    • 2020
  • Site characterization for decommissioning Kori Unit 1 is ongoing in South Korea after 40 years of successful operation. Kori Unit 1's containment building is assumed to be mostly radioactively contaminated, and therefore radiation exposure management and detailed contamination investigation are required for decommissioning and dismantling it safely. In this study, site-specific Derived Concentration Guideline Levels (DCGLs) were derived using the residual radioactivity risk evaluation tool, RESRAD-BUILD code. A conceptual model of containment building for Kori Unit 1 was set up and limited occupational worker building inspection scenario was applied. Depending on the source location, the maximum contribution source and exposure pathway of each radionuclide were analyzed. The contribution of radionuclides to dose and exposure pathways, by source location, is expected to serve as basic data in the assessment criteria of survey areas and classification of impact areas during further decommissioning and decontamination of sites.

제주도 한림 재암천굴과 도로 교차구간의 CaveBIM 구축 (Building Information Modeling of Caves (CaveBIM) in Jeju Island at a Specific Site below a Road at Jaeamcheon Lava Tube and at a Broader Scale for Hallim Town)

  • 안준상;김우람;백용;김진환;이종현
    • 지질공학
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.449-466
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    • 2022
  • 지하공간을 구성하고 있는 지중구조물, 지반, 암반 등 다양한 구성 요소 중에 지질공학적 측면을 포함한 모든 정보에 대한 모델 구축은 현실적으로 어려운 과정이며, 현재 진행형인 분야이다. 본 연구에서는 지질공학적인 정보모델 구축 과정이 비교적 쉬운 상용 소프트웨어를 활용하여 제주도 일부 지역 대상의 3차원 지질정보모델, 동굴형상정보모델, 도로 주변 현황 정보모델까지 한 번에 디지털화하는 과정이 포함되어 있다. 제주도에 존재하는 수많은 자연동굴 중에 도로와 교차하는 위치 중 제주도 한림 재암천굴을 대상으로 CaveBIM 기반의 디지털 트윈 구축에 관한 연구를 수행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 3D 레이저 스캐너를 사용한 동굴 형상 정보모델링, 지질 정보 및 지구물리탐사 자료를 활용한 3D 지질 모델링, 드론을 활용한 재암천굴 상부 도로 주변 현황 정보모델링 등의 개별 데이터 구축과 통합을 통해서 디지털화하는 과정을 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한림-제주 지역에 대한 전역모델(GSM) 및 재암천굴에 대한 국부모델(LSM)을 구축하였다. 또한 재암천굴에 대한 LSM 구축 시 교차검증을 수행하여 결과를 비교 및 분석하였다.

인터넷 쇼핑몰 수용에 있어 사용자 능력의 조절효과 분석 (An Analysis of the Moderating Effects of User Ability on the Acceptance of an Internet Shopping Mall)

  • 서건수
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.27-55
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    • 2008
  • Due to the increasing and intensifying competition in the Internet shopping market, it has been recognized as very important to develop an effective policy and strategy for acquiring loyal customers. For this reason, web site designers need to know if a new Internet shopping mall(ISM) will be accepted. Researchers have been working on identifying factors for explaining and predicting user acceptance of an ISM. Some studies, however, revealed inconsistent findings on the antecedents of user acceptance of a website. Lack of consideration for individual differences in user ability is believed to be one of the key reasons for the mixed findings. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and several studies have suggested that individual differences in ability plays an moderating role on the relationship between the antecedents and user acceptance. Despite the critical role of user ability, little research has examined the role of user ability in the Internet shopping mall context. The purpose of this study is to develop a user acceptance model that consider the moderating role of user ability in the context of Internet shopping. This study was initiated to see the ability of the technology acceptance model(TAM) to explain the acceptance of a specific ISM. According to TAM. which is one of the most influential models for explaining user acceptance of IT, an intention to use IT is determined by usefulness and ease of use. Given that interaction between user and website takes place through web interface, the decisions to accept and continue using an ISM depend on these beliefs. However, TAM neglects to consider the fact that many users would not stick to an ISM until they trust it although they may think it useful and easy to use. The importance of trust for user acceptance of ISM has been raised by the relational views. The relational view emphasizes the trust-building process between the user and ISM, and user's trust on the website is a major determinant of user acceptance. The proposed model extends and integrates the TAM and relational views on user acceptance of ISM by incorporating usefulness, ease of use, and trust. User acceptance is defined as a user's intention to reuse a specific ISM. And user ability is introduced into the model as moderating variable. Here, the user ability is defined as a degree of experiences, knowledge and skills regarding Internet shopping sites. The research model proposes that the ease of use, usefulness and trust of ISM are key determinants of user acceptance. In addition, this paper hypothesizes that the effects of the antecedents(i.e., ease of use, usefulness, and trust) on user acceptance may differ among users. In particular, this paper proposes a moderating effect of a user's ability on the relationship between antecedents with user's intention to reuse. The research model with eleven hypotheses was derived and tested through a survey that involved 470 university students. For each research variable, this paper used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context. The reliability and validity of the research variables were tested using the Crobnach's alpha and internal consistency reliability (ICR) values, standard factor loadings of the confirmative factor analysis, and average variance extracted (AVE) values. A LISREL method was used to test the suitability of the research model and its relating six hypotheses. Key findings of the results are summarized in the following. First, TAM's two constructs, ease of use and usefulness directly affect user acceptance. In addition, ease of use indirectly influences user acceptance by affecting trust. This implies that users tend to trust a shopping site and visit repeatedly when they perceive a specific ISM easy to use. Accordingly, designing a shopping site that allows users to navigate with heuristic and minimal clicks for finding information and products within the site is important for improving the site's trust and acceptance. Usefulness, however, was not found to influence trust. Second, among the three belief constructs(ease of use, usefulness, and trust), trust was empirically supported as the most important determinants of user acceptance. This implies that users require trustworthiness from an Internet shopping site to be repeat visitors of an ISM. Providing a sense of safety and eliminating the anxiety of online shoppers in relation to privacy, security, delivery, and product returns are critically important conditions for acquiring repeat visitors. Hence, in addition to usefulness and ease of use as in TAM, trust should be a fundamental determinants of user acceptance in the context of internet shopping. Third, the user's ability on using an Internet shopping site played a moderating role. For users with low ability, ease of use was found to be a more important factors in deciding to reuse the shopping mall, whereas usefulness and trust had more effects on users with high ability. Applying the EML theory to these findings, we can suggest that experienced and knowledgeable ISM users tend to elaborate on such usefulness aspects as efficient and effective shopping performance and trust factors as ability, benevolence, integrity, and predictability of a shopping site before they become repeat visitors of the site. In contrast, novice users tend to rely on the low elaborating features, such as the perceived ease of use. The existence of moderating effects suggests the fact that different individuals evaluate an ISM from different perspectives. The expert users are more interested in the outcome of the visit(usefulness) and trustworthiness(trust) than those novice visitors. The latter evaluate the ISM in a more superficial manner focusing on the novelty of the site and on other instrumental beliefs(ease of use). This is consistent with the insights proposed by the Heuristic-Systematic model. According to the Heuristic-Systematic model. a users act on the principle of minimum effort. Thus, the user considers an ISM heuristically, focusing on those aspects that are easy to process and evaluate(ease of use). When the user has sufficient experience and skills, the user will change to systematic processing, where they will evaluate more complex aspects of the site(its usefulness and trustworthiness). This implies that an ISM has to provide a minimum level of ease of use to make it possible for a user to evaluate its usefulness and trustworthiness. Ease of use is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the acceptance and use of an ISM. Overall, the empirical results generally support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of the effects of user ability. More detailed interpretations and implications of the findings are discussed. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide directions for future research.

A Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Individual Site Type of Ethylene and α-Olefins Polymerization

  • Zarand, S.M. Ghafelebashi;Shahsavar, S.;Jozaghkar, M.R.
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제62권3호
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    • pp.191-202
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    • 2018
  • The aim of this work is to study Monte Carlo simulation of ethylene (co)polymerization over Ziegler-Natta catalyst as investigated by Chen et al. The results revealed that the Monte Carlo simulation was similar to sum square error (SSE) model to prediction of stage II and III of polymerization. In the case of activation stage (stage I) both model had slightly deviation from experimental results. The modeling results demonstrated that in homopolymerization, SSE was superior to predict polymerization rate in current stage while for copolymerization, Monte Carlo had preferable prediction. The Monte Carlo simulation approved the SSE results to determine role of each site in total polymerization rate and revealed that homopolymerization rate changed from site to site and order of center was different compared to copolymerization. The polymer yield was reduced by addition of hydrogen amount however there was no specific effect on uptake curve which was predicted by Monte Carlo simulation with good accuracy. In the case of copolymerization it was evolved that monomer chain length and monomer concentration influenced the rate of polymerization as rate of polymerization reduced from 1-hexene to 1-octene and increased when monomer concentration proliferate.

Site specific ground motion simulation and seismic response analysis for microzonation of Kolkata

  • Roy, Narayan;Sahu, R.B.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2012
  • The spatial variation of ground motion in Kolkata Metropolitan District (KMD) has been estimated by generating synthetic ground motion considering the point source model coupled with site response analysis. The most vulnerable source was identified from regional seismotectonic map for an area of about 350 km radius around Kolkata. The rock level acceleration time histories at 121 borehole locations in Kolkata for the vulnerable source, Eocene Hinge Zone, due to maximum credible earthquake (MCE) moment magnitude 6.2 were generated by synthetic ground motion model. Soil investigation data of 121 boreholes were collected from the report of Soil Data Bank Project, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Surface level ground motion parameters were determined using SHAKE2000 software. The results are presented in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) at rock level and ground surface, amplification factor, and the response spectra at the ground surface for frequency 1.5 Hz, 3 Hz, 5 Hz and 10 Hz and 5% damping ratio. Site response study shows higher PGA in comparison with rock level acceleration. Maximum amplification in some portion in KMD area is found to be as high as 3.0 times compared to rock level.

Three-dimensional geostatistical modeling of subsurface stratification and SPT-N Value at dam site in South Korea

  • Mingi Kim;Choong-Ki Chung;Joung-Woo Han;Han-Saem Kim
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.29-41
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    • 2023
  • The 3D geospatial modeling of geotechnical information can aid in understanding the geotechnical characteristic values of the continuous subsurface at construction sites. In this study, a geostatistical optimization model for the three-dimensional (3D) mapping of subsurface stratification and the SPT-N value based on a trial-and-error rule was developed and applied to a dam emergency spillway site in South Korea. Geospatial database development for a geotechnical investigation, reconstitution of the target grid volume, and detection of outliers in the borehole dataset were implemented prior to the 3D modeling. For the site-specific subsurface stratification of the engineering geo-layer, we developed an integration method for the borehole and geophysical survey datasets based on the geostatistical optimization procedure of ordinary kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) by comparing their cross-validation-based prediction residuals. We also developed an optimization technique based on SGS for estimating the 3D geometry of the SPT-N value. This method involves quantitatively testing the reliability of SGS and selecting the realizations with a high estimation accuracy. Boring tests were performed for validation, and the proposed method yielded more accurate prediction results and reproduced the spatial distribution of geotechnical information more effectively than the conventional geostatistical approach.