• 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2005

This study is an attempt to investigate effect of pitch treatment program using visual feedback for profound deaf adults. Dr. Speech program was applied as a training tool. The subjects of this study were 3 profound deaf adults. Speech samples for evaluation were vowel prolongations and connected speech. Analysis was performed under the principle of single subject research design. As results of this study, all subjects showed the treatment effects which were represented by lowering fundamental frequency and speaking fundamental frequency.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose: The discovery of mirror neuron system may positively affect functional recovery; therefore, rehabilitation is needed that is practical for use in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of action observation training on upper motor function in people who had suffered strokes. Methods: Three elderly patients with stroke, aged to years, were recruited from a stroke rehabilitation center. A nonconcurrent, multiple baseline subject approach was taken, with an A-B-A treatment single-subject experimental design, and the experiment was conducted for 3 weeks. The action observation training was repeated 5 times in 5 days during the intervention period. The arm function, including WMFT, BBT, and grip and pinch strength, was evaluated in each subject 5 times during the baseline period, the intervention period, and the baseline regression period. Results: The results of the evaluation for each subject were presented as mean values and video graphs. The WMFT scores of 2 subjects were improved during the intervention period in comparison with the baseline period, and this improvement was maintained even during the regression baseline period. The BBT and the grip and pinch strength were not improved. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the action observation training for 5 sessions was effective in improving upper limb function of stroke patients but was not effective in improving hand dexterity or grip and pinch strength.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2013

Purpose - Studies of mechanism as a competitive strategy, a relatively new field in the study of strategic management research, has recently drawn the attention of the business management scholars. The literature has so far proposed the subjective-based view, environment-based view, and the resource-based view in its analyses of firm management. Hence, it is highly likely for the firm management to be reasonably thought of as a combination of and interaction among the three key elements of subject, environment, and resources this is the mechanism-based view (MBV). It is reasonable to consider firm management to be the combination of and interaction among the three key elements of subject, environment, and resources. The overall dynamic process that integrates these three elements and creates functional harmony is identified as the mechanism, the principle of firm management. Much of the extant literatures on MBV has mainly focused on case studies, a qualitative approach prone to subjectivity of the researcher, although the intuition from the study may lead to meaningful insights into a firm-specific mechanism. This study's focus is also on case analysis, but it still attempts a quantitative approach in order to reach a scientific and systematic understanding of the MBV. Research design, data, and methodology - I used both a qualitative and quantitative approach to a single model, given the complexity of the innovation processes. I conducted in-depth interviews with POSCO employees-20 from general management, two from human resources, eight from information technology, five from finance and accounting, and five from production and logistics management. Once the innovative events were selected, the interview results were double-checked by the interviewees themselves to ensure the accuracy of the answers recorded. Based on the interview, I then conducted statistical validation using the survey results as well. Results - This study analyzes the building process of innovation and the effect of the mechanism pattern on innovation by examining the case of POSCO, which has survived over the past 21 years. I apply a new analytical tool to study mechanism innovation types, perform a new classification, and describe the interrelationships among the mechanism factors. This process allows me to see how the "Subject"factor interacts with the other factors. I found that, in the innovation process of the adoption stage, Subject had a mediating effect but that the mediating effect of resource and performance was smaller than the effect of Subject on performance alone. During the implementation stage, the mediating effect of Subject increased. Conclusion - Therefore, I have confirmed that the subject utilizes resources reasonably and efficiently. I have also advanced mechanism studies: whereas the field's research methods have been largely confined to single case studies, I have used both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the relationships among mechanisms.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.808-812
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• 1996

Reduction gear with internal gear pair need functions such as compact size, high reduction ratios, high transmission efficiency, and low noise. Feasible design region of the internal gear pair with a small tooth difference is extremely limited because the internal gear pair is subject to interference in meshing and cutting. Single-objective optimal design can not simulataneously satisfy the manifold requirements of the internal gear pair and can not determine the economical specification of a pinion cutter. Multi-objective optimal design which include the specification of the pinion cutter in design variables is developed, considering the manufacturing error of an internalgear pair and the re-sharpening of the pinion cutter.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2012

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 상상연습이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형능력과 낙상 위험도 및 낙상 효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구방법 : 뇌졸중 진단을 받은 4명의 성인을 대상으로 개별대상자 실험연구 방법 중 대상자간 다중기초선(multiple baseline across individuals)으로 설계되었다. 기초선 과정과 중재 과정을 포함해 총 20회를 4주 동안 진행하며, 기능적 손 뻗기 검사를 이용해 균형능력의 변화를 측정했다. 그리고 낙상 위험도(Tetrax) 프로그램과 낙상 효능감으로 중재 전 후를 비교했다. 시각적 분석과 2 표준편차 밴드 분석방법을 통해 나타냈다. 결과 : 상상연습 중재기간 동안, 기능적 손 뻗기 검사를 사용한 결과 대상자들의 균형능력의 향상이 나타났다. 이러한 변화로 낙상 위험도가 감소하였고, 낙상 효능감이 증가했다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과, 상상연습이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형능력 향상에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서 더 많은 연구 대상을 통해 다양한 방법으로 균형능력을 측정하여 확인이 이루어졌으면 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the application of Schroth exercise-based instrument Pilates exercise on the Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and low back pain of female patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Three patients with idiopathic scoliosis at a Cobb's angle of 20° or more participated in this study. Among the single-subject experimental research designs, a reversal (ABA) design was performed. In particular, Schroth exercise-based instrument, Pilates exercise, was performed for 10 weeks, consisting of five weeks between the baseline and intervention one period and five weeks between the intervention 1 and intervention 2 periods, and then followed up for five weeks. Results: After the Schroth exercise-based instrument, Pilates exercise, was applied, the Cobb's angle and the angle of trunk rotation decreased compared to the baseline in all subjects, and the follow-up period also showed a continuous decline. After Pilates exercise was performed, low back pain in subjects 1 and 2 was decreased in the intervention 1 period compared to the baseline. The level of low back pain in the intervention 2 period increased compared to the intervention 1 period, but a reduction was noted in the follow-up period. The low back pain in the subject was decreased in all intervention periods and the follow-up period. Conclusion: Schroth exercise-based Pilates exercise improves the Cobb's angle and the angle of trunk rotation for female patients with idiopathic scoliosis in their teens and 20s, and an effective intervention method is proposed for low back pain.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2009

Purpose：In this study is to verify the effects postural control training based on Bobath approach for body schema and visual perception on Middle Cerebral Artery(MCA) Infarcts. Methods：The subject was a 46 years old man with MCA infaction, lives in B city. An AB design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The procedures consisted of 1 time of baseline phase(A), 20 times of treatment phase(B). We applied the Bobath approach at the subject. Treatments included to facilitate trunk alignment and stability, and to train weight bearing and shifting, to facilitate pelvis movement, and to train walk especially stance phase and assist up-down stairs locomotion in environment similar to actual daily life. Results：With this treatment, the majority of body schema and visual perception and postural control was improved in treatment phase compared with in baseline phase. Therefore, this study supported the effectiveness of postural control training based on Bobath approach for body sechma and visual perception of hemiplegia. Conculusion：This study is integrated postural control training with Bobath approach that are widespread for hemiplegia and measured outcomes based on individualized therapy goals. Consequently the study is suggested the meaning of quality effectiveness of Bobath approach.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional strengthening exercise on static and dynamic standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. The subject was a 7 year old boy with diplegia whose Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) score was 80% along with G1 of the lower extremities in Modified Ashworth Scale. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated muscle weakness and strength asymmetry in the lower extremities. A changing criterion design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The functional strengthening exercise consisted of lower extremity ergometer exercise and knee exercise with grading movement in standing position, each for 20 minutes, which lasted 18 sessions for 6 weeks. A knee extensor strength test on both extremities and standing balance test were conducted after each functional strengthening exercise. Two types of standing balance were tested: one leg stance test and functional reach test. One leg stance test was to evaluate static standing balance, and functional reach test was to evaluate dynamic standing balance. The results showed that the functional strengthening exercise had some positive effects on improvement of both static and dynamic standing balance, and there was a positive correlation between the knee strength and standing balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of modified golf swing training on gait characteristic in hemiplegic patient through Kwon 3D motion analysis system. Methods: This study has performed single subject design from September to October 2008. The subject had left hemiplegia due to CVA in December 2003. He has treated Bobath approach twice a week. In order to increase ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion, the subject has applied modified golf swing training on the basis of Bobath approach. The measurement of gait characteristic was taken by Kwon 3D motion analysis system. Results: The results were as follows : 1) Walking velocity was increased 0.62m/sec than before the training. 2) Step length was increased 0.09m than before the training. 3) Left ankle and hip angle were increased, but left knee angle was decreased. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the activity modified golf swing training in walking pattern contributed to improve the movement quality and speed of gait.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of watsu therapy on muscle tone in adult hemiparesis patient after stroke. The subject was a 66 year old patient with left hemiparesis whose self gait was independent with minimal assist. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated a little tremor and asymmetry in the body. A multiple treatment design(A-B-C-B) for a single-subject research was used for this study. The watsu therapy consisted of basic moves, head cradle, underfar leg, near leg cradle in watsu I (transition flow), for 25 minutes, which lasted 12 sessions for a total 21 sessions. A baseline was conducted for a first time and a general ROM exercise was conducted after the first watsu therapy. Tone assessment scale was tested : 1. posturing at rest 2. response to passive movement 3. associated reaction Comparing to the baseline and general ROM exercise, The results showed that the watsu therapy had some positive effects on improvement of three tests and there was a more positive effects of both response to passive movement and associated reaction.