• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.80-86
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• 2018

The intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is limited research focus on the effect of occupational-based intervention. This study sought to determine the effect of occupational-based intervention of chopstick skills for children with ASD. This study included a total of 3 children with ASD.Using single-subject study design, a changing criterion design and ABC design were implemented. The participants' behavior was observed and recorded throughout each session. In this study, the results were analyzed through visual graphs. The amount of food that was moved using the chopsticks was gradually increased. The results show that all participants significantly improved in their ability to use chopsticks in each intervention session. In addition, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) improved the generalization. According to the AMPS, both the overall motor and process skills increased from baseline an average of 0.7 logit. The results of this study showed occupational-based intervention on chopsticks skill to be effective in acquisition and generalization of chopstick skill in children with ASD.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2005

In ubiquitous spaces, a user wants to be provided with a VOD service while moving one space to another freely. Since the traditional VOD system is dependent on user location, the VOD server transmits video data to a single client during a session. If the user moves to another space, he/she should close the old session and make a new request for the same video. However, the location-aware VOD system supports user mobility by closing and opening the session automatically. That is, the VOD system automatically perceives the movement of a user and allows the server to change the data flow so that a client near the user can receive the video data. This paper proposes a location-aware VOD service architecture and a session handoff scheme to provide a mobile user with continuous video delivery and implements a location-aware VOD prototype system based on Jini and Java. In experiment, we show that the proposed handoff scheme has a smaller handoff delay than the other handoff scheme.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the interactions of single mothers with health care workers during their transition to motherhood. Method: This qualitative study conducted focus group interviews with 16 single mothers who were identified at four facilities for single mothers and provided written informed consent. from Junre to October 2017. Each focus group session was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Result: Four categories emerged from the data: "trapped behind a will of eyes," "oil on water," "standing naked in a public square," and "Support from being called a mother." Conclusion: The study results showed that health care workers should provide health care service to single mothers with thorough consideration and care. The findings suggest that appropriate education is necessary for health care workers and prospective health care workers who provide maternal and neonatal care to improve the medical services that they provide to single mothers.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 2009

Objective : In order to establish the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) in large intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we analyzed clinical characteristics, radiological features, and radiosurgical outcomes. Methods : Between March 1992 and March 2005, 28 of 33 patients with large AVMs (> $10\;cm^3$ in nidus-volume) who were treated with GKS underwent single session radiosurgery (RS), and the other 5 patients underwent staged volumetric RS. Retrospectively collected data were available in 23 cases. We analyzed treatment outcomes in each subdivided groups and according to the AVM sizes. We compared the estimated volume, defined as primarily estimated nidus volume using MR images, with real target volume after excluding draining veins and feeding arteries embedded into the nidus. Results : Regarding those patients who underwent single session RS, 44.4% (8/18) had complete obliteration; regarding staged volumetric RS, the obliteration rate was 40% (2/5). The complete obliteration rate was 60% (6/10) in the smaller nidus group ($10-15\;cm^3$ size), and 25% (2/8) in the larger nidus group (over $15\;cm^3$ size). One case of cerebral edema and two cases (8.7%) of hemorrhage were seen during the latent period. The mean real target volume for 18 single sessions of RS was $17.1\;cm^3$ ($10.1-38.4\;cm^3$), in contrast with the mean estimated volume of $20.9\;cm^3$ ($12.0-45.0\;cm^3$). Conclusion : The radiosurgical treatment outcomes of large AVMs are generally poor. However, we presume that the recent development in planning software and imaging devices aid more accurate measurement of the nidus volume, therefore improving the treatment outcome.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.288-317
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop the group program model for reinforcing family relations of single-mother families as one approach to family welfare service. As previous research findings about problems of single parent families were reviewed and the framework for the program development was identified, a 6 sessions group program was planned and applied to 9 single-mother families from June 2nd to July 7th. Program evaluation questionnaire, Scales measuring powerlessness and FACESIII for family relations, social support network tool, and group process recording were used for the evaluation of this program. The participants evaluated this program as very supportive, useful, and educational. The powerlessness was reduced in a statistically meaningful way before and after the program and the result was found to be maintained for 4 months in the follow-up session. The family relations according to FACES III were mostly balanced and didn't show some significant change after the termination of this program. The single mothers had little concrete supports from others, if any, had some from relatives. They rather had to give supports for the other family members and reciprocally gave and took emotional or informational supports with friends or neighbors. Based on these results, the 2 step model consisted of brief group program and long term support group was developed and the practical methods were suggested for the single-mother families with low income.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.159-172
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• 2013

In the present study, we apply the multiple cue probability learning (MCPL) paradigm to examine consumer learning from feedback in repeated trials. This paradigm is useful in investigating consumer learning, especially learning the relationships between the overall quality and attributes. With this paradigm, we can analyze what people learn from repeated trials by using the lens model, i.e., whether it is knowledge or consistency. In addition to introducing this paradigm, we aim to demonstrate that knowledge people gain from repeated trials with feedback is robust enough to weaken one of the most often examined contextual effects, the asymmetric dominance effect. The experiment consists of learning session and a choice task and stimuli are sport rafting boats with motor engines. During the learning session, the participants are shown an option with three attributes and are asked to evaluate its overall quality and type in a number between 0 and 100. Then an expert's evaluation, a number between 0 and 100, is provided as feedback. This trial is repeated fifteen times with different sets of attributes, which comprises one learning session. Depending on the conditions, the participants do one (low) or three (high) learning sessions or do not go through any learning session (no learning). After learning session, the participants then are provided with either a core or an extended choice set to make a choice to examine if learning from feedback would weaken the asymmetric dominance effect. The experiment uses a between-subjects experimental design (2 × 3; core set vs. extended set; no vs. low vs. high learning). The results show that the participants evaluate the overall qualities more accurately with learning. They learn the true trade-off rule between attributes (increase in knowledge) and become more consistent in their evaluations. Regarding the choice task, there is a significant decrease in the percentage of choosing the target option in the extended sets with learning, which clearly demonstrates that learning decreases the magnitude of the asymmetric dominance effect. However, these results are significant only when no learning condition is compared either to low or high learning condition. There is no significant result between low and high learning conditions, which may be due to fatigue or reflect the characteristics of learning curve. The present study introduces the MCPL paradigm in examining consumer learning and demonstrates that learning from feedback increases both knowledge and consistency and weakens the asymmetric dominance effect. The latter result may suggest that the previous demonstrations of the asymmetric dominance effect are somewhat exaggerated. In a single choice setting, people do not have enough information or experience about the stimuli, which may lead them to depend mostly on the contextual structure among options. In the future, more realistic stimuli and real experts' judgments can be used to increase the external validity of study results. In addition, consumers often learn through repeated choices in real consumer settings. Therefore, what consumers learn from feedback in repeated choices would be an interesting topic to investigate.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate difference of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) with different frequencies in participants having delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : We recruited 36 healthy participants, but 3 of them were dropped out. They were randomly divided into 3groups : 3 Hz TENS(n=11), 100 Hz TENS(n=11) and sham TENS(n=11). DOMS of the both triceps surae muscle induced by repetitive concentric, ecentric exercise. The result measurements were pain perception(visual analogue scale, VAS), mechanical pain threshold(MPT) by pressure algometer, electrical contraction and fatigue by surface electromyography. The measurements were on first visit, before and after treatment except first. This study was prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Results : In 100 Hz TENS group, VAS was significantly decreased during whole session compared with 3 Hz and control group, and after each treatment, too. In 3 Hz TENS group, VAS was significantly decreased during whole session compared with control group, and after 2nd, 3rd treatment, too. In 100 Hz TENS group, MPT increased the most among 3 groups during whole session and after 1st treatment, but there were no statistical significances. Conclusions : Both 3 Hz and 100 Hz TENS improved delayed onset muscle soreness, but 100 Hz TENS group is more effective than 3 Hz TENS group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

ILO has contributed for seafarers to promote conditions of employment and decent work through maritime labour standards. Between 1920 and 1996, a total of 39 Conventions and 29 Recommendations concerning seafarers have been adopted, which demonstrates the import part of ILO activities devoted to seafarers' questions. But many instruments were outdated, deficient and not reflective of modern practice, many contained technical detail which discouraged ratification. the Governing Body of ILO, at its 262nd Session(March-April 1995), decided to set up a Working Party regarding the revision of maritime labour standards. This Working Party initiated its examination of maritime instruments to 273rd Session(November 1998) of the Governing Body. The review made by the Working Party has concluded that existing maritime Conventions were considered either up to date or were identified for promotion, most of which were approved by the Governing Body. Therefore, ILO started to create a single, coherent instrument embodying as far as possible all up-to-date standards of existing maritime labour convention. The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 has been adopted in February 2006. This paper aims to analyze the significance of this convention and the influence regarding to maritime labour affairs in the field of shipping industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.1 s.117
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

ILO has contributed for seafarers to promote conditions of employment and decent work through maritime labour standards. Between 1920 and 1996, a total of 39 Conventions and 29 Recommendations concerning seafarers have been adopted, which demonstrates the important part of ILO activities devoted to seafarers' questions. But many instruments were outdated, deficient and not reflective of modern practice, many contained technical detail which discouraged ratification. The Governing Body of ILO, at its 262nd Session(March-April 1995), decided to set up a Working Party regarding the revision of maritime labour standards. This Working Party initiated its examination of maritime instruments to 273rd Session(November 1998) of the Governing Body. The review made by the Working Party has concluded that existing maritime Conventions were considered either up to date or were identified for promotion, most of which were approved by the Governing Body. Therefore, ILO started to create a single, coherent instrument embodying as far as possible all up-to-date standards of existing maritime labour conventions. The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 was adopted in February 2006. This paper aims to analyze the significance of this Convention and the influence regarding to maritime labour affairs in the field of shipping industry.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.9
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• pp.707-714
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• 2013

IoT, which can be regarded as an enhanced version of M2M communication technology, was proposed to realize intelligent thing to thing communications by utilizing Internet connectivity. Things in IoT are generally heterogeneous and resource constrained. Also such things are connected with each other over LLN(low power and lossy Network). Confidentiality, mutual authentication and message origin authentication are required to make a secure service in IoT. Security protocols used in traditional IP Networks cannot be directly adopted to resource constrained devices in IoT. Under the respect, a IETF standard group proposes to use lightweight version of DTLS protocol for supporting security services in IoT environments. However, the protocol can not cover up all of very constrained devices. To solve the problem, we propose a scheme which tends to support mutual authentication and session key agreement between devices that contain only a single crypto primitive module such as hash function or cipher function because of resource constrained property. The proposed scheme enhances performance by pre-computing a session key and is able to defend various attacks.