• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6027-6032
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• 2015

Background: Polymorphisms of genes encoding PSCA, PLCE1 and MUC1 have been associated with the risk of different cancers in genome wide association studies (GWAS). Up to date there are limited data on the role of these genetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding PSCA, PLCE1 and MUC1 and the presence of CRC in European populations. Materials and Methods: Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 574 European subjects (controls: n=382; CRC: n=192). PSCA C>T (rs2294008), PSCA G>A (rs2976392), MUC1 A>G (rs4072037) and PLCE1 A>G (rs2274223) SNPs were genotyped by RT-PCR. Results: The distribution of genotypes for all four SNPs was in line with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (rs2294008, P=0.153; rs2976392, P=0.269; rs4072037, P=0.609; rs2274223, P=0.858). The distribution of genotypes and alleles of PSCA C>T, PSCA G>A, MUC1 A>G and PLCE1 A>G SNPs was similar among controls and CRC patient groups (P>0.05). GG genotype of MUC1 SNP was more frequent in CRC patients (24.0%) than in controls (20.2%); however, this association failed to reach significance (OR-1.45, P=0.15). Overall, in the present study SNPs of PSCA (rs2294008, rs2976392), MUC1 (rs4072037) and PLCE1 (rs2274223) genes were not associated with the presence of CRC. Conclusions: Gene polymorphisms of PSCA, PLCE1 and MUC1 genes are not associated with the presence of CRC in European subjects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5145-5151
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• 2013

Background: Numerous carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause DNA damage including oxidative base lesions that lead to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of this disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway can effectively remove oxidative lesions, maintaining genomic stability and normal expression, with X-ray repair crosscomplementing1 (XRCC1), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and apurinic/apyimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) playing important roles. Aims: To analyze polymorphisms of DNA BER genes (OOG1, XRCC1 and APE1) and explore their associations, and the combined effects of these variants, with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We detected SNPs of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), APE1 (Asp148Glu and -141T/G) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with peripheral blood samples from 231 patients with NPC and 300 healthy people, furtherly analyzing their relations with the risk of NPC in multivariate logistic regression models. Results: After adjustment for sex and age, individuals with the XRCC1 399Gln/Gln (OR=1.96; 95%CI:1.02-3.78; p=0.04) and Arg/Gln (OR=1.87; 95%CI:1.29-2.71; p=0.001) genotype variants demonstrated a significantly increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with those having the wild-type Arg/Arg genotype. APE1-141G/G was associated with a significantly reduced risk of NPC (OR=0.40;95%CI:0.18-0.89) in the smoking group. The OR calculated for the combination of XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Gln, two homozygous variants, was significantly additive for all cases (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.27-3.47; p=0.004). Conclusion: This is the first study to focus on the association between DNA base-excision repair genes (XRCC1, OGG1 and APE1) polymorphism and NPC risk. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant genotype is associated with an increased risk of NPC. APE1-141G/G may decrease risk of NPC in current smokers. The combined effects of polymorphisms within BER genes of XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Gln may contribute to a high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified various genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer based mainly on European-ancestry populations. Differing linkage disequilibrium patterns exist between European and Asian populations. Methods: Ten SNPs (rs2075555 in COL1A1, rs12652447 in FBXL17, rs10941679 in 5p12/MRPS30, rs11878583 in ZNF577, rs7166081 in SMAD3, rs16917302 in ZNF365, rs311499 in 20q13.3, rs1045485 in CASP8, rs12964873 in CDH1 and rs8170 in 19p13.1) were here genotyped in 1009 Chinese females (487 patients with breast cancer and 522 control subjects) using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Association analysis based on unconditional logistic regression was carried out to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each SNP. Stratification analyses were carried out based on the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Results: Among the 10 SNPs, rs10941679 showed significant association with breast cancer when differences between the case and control groups in this Han Chinese population were compared (30.09% GG, 45.4% GA and 23.7% AA; P = 0.012). Four SNPs (rs311499, rs1045485, rs12964873 and rs8170) showed no polymorphisms in our study. The remaining five SNPs showed no association with breast cancer in the present population. Immunohistochemical tests showed that rs2075555 was associated with ER status; the AA genotype showed greater association with ER negative than ER positive (OR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.29-0.99; P = 0.046). AA of rs7166081 was also associated with ER status, but showed a greater association with ER positive than negative (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.04-2.44; P = 0.031). However, no significant associations were found among the SNPs and PR status. Conclusion: In this study using a Han Chinese population, rs10941679 was the only SNP associated with breast cancer risk, indicating a difference between European and Chinese populations in susceptibility loci. Therefore, confirmation studies are necessary before utilization of these loci in Chinese.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2012

Purpose: Transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 ($TGFBR2$) is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a role in the differentiation of striated cells and remodeling of coronary arteries. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene are associated with Marfan syndrome and sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular remodeling and T cell activation of $TGFBR2$ gene suggest that the $TGFBR2$ gene SNPs are related to the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesion (CAL). Methods: The subjects were 105 patients with KD and 500 healthy adults as controls. Mean age of KD group was 32 months age and 26.6% of those had CAL. We selected $TGFBR2$ gene SNPs from serum and performed direct sequencing. Results: The sequences of the eleven SNPs in the $TGFBR2$ gene were compared between the KD group and controls. Three SNPs (rs1495592, rs6550004, rs795430) were associated with development of KD ($P$=0.019, $P$=0.026, $P$=0.016, respectively). One SNP (rs1495592) was associated with CAL in KD group ($P$=0.022). Conclusion: Eleven SNPs in $TGFBR2$ gene were identified at that time the genome wide association. But, with the change of the data base, only six SNPs remained associated with the $TGFBR2$ gene. One of the six SNPs (rs6550004) was associated with development of KD. One SNP associated with CAL (rs1495592) was disassociated from the $TGFBR2$ gene. The other five SNPs were not functionally identified, but these SNPs are notable because the data base is changing. Further studies involving larger group of patients with KD are needed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2008

GenBank database로부터 돼지 genomic 서열과 사람의 CFB 유전자의 CDS를 정렬하여 돼지 CFB 유전자의 CDS를 추정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 제작된 primer를 이용하여 RT-PCR을 실시하여 CDS 내부서열을 결정하였으며, 결정된 서열을 바탕으로 primer 제작 및 RACE-PCR을 실시하였다. 돼지 CFB 유전자의 전체 CDS 길이는 2298 bp였으며, 사람 및 마우스와의 비교결과 염기삽입/결실이 확인되었다. CDS 및 아미노산 서열을 사람 및 마우스와 비교한 결과 CDS는 84% 및 80%, 아미노산 서열은 79%, 77%의 상동성을 보였다. 포유류의 CFB에서 일반적으로 나타나는 보체조절단백질(complement control protein, CCP) 영역, Von willebrand factor A(VWFA) 영역, 그리고 serine protease 영역이 확인되었으며, 단백질 기능에 중요하게 작용하는 아미노산 잔기들은 돼지를 포함한 사람, 마우스, 소, 말에서 동일하게 나타났다. 사람, 마우스, 소, 말, 돼지 CFB 유전자의 아미노산 서열에 의한 유전적 거리지수 및 neighbor-joining tree 작성 결과 돼지는 같은 우제목에 속하는 소와 가장 가까운 계통유전학적 유연관계를 나타내었다. 결정된 CDS를 바탕으로 exon 영역을 증폭하기 위한 primer를 제작하였고, cSNP 분석을 위해서 돼지 6품종을 대상으로 direct sequencing을 실시하였다. 그 결과 아미노산 치환을 일으키는 3개(C13T, A1696G, A2015C)의 cSNP가 동정되었다. 동일한 DNA를 사용하여 동정된 3개의 cSNP를 대상으로 Multiplex- ARMS 방법으로 유전자형 분석 결과 direct sequencing 결과와 일치하였다. Multiplex-ARMS 방법의 재현성 확인을 위해 무작위로 2개의 DNA 시료를 선발한 후 direct sequencing과 Multiplex-ARMS 분석을 각각 실시하였으며, 3개의 cSNP에 대한 유전자형이 일치함을 재확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확인된 3개의 cSNP는 SLA class III 영역의 haplotype 분석을 위한 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있으며, Multiplex- ARMS 기법은 이종장기 개발에 필수적인 SLA 전체 영역 내 유전자들의 유전자형 분석을 위한 효율적인 분석방법이라고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1351-1358
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• 2009

Parentage tests using polymorphic DNA marker are commonly performed to avoid incorrect recording of the parental information of livestock animals, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming the method of choice. In Japanese Black cattle, parentage tests based on the exclusion method using microsatellite markers are currently conducted; however, an alternative SNP system aimed at parentage tests has recently been developed. In the present study, two types of simulations were conducted using the pedigree data of two subpopulations in the breed (subpopulations of Hyogo and Shimane prefectures) in order to examine the effect of actual genetic and breeding structures. The first simulation (simulation 1) investigated the usefulness of SNPs for excluding a close relative of the true sire; the second one (simulation 2) investigated the accuracy of sire identification tests for multiple full-sib putative sires by a combined method of exclusion and paternity assignment based on the LOD score. The success rates of excluding a single fullsib and sire of the true sires were, respectively, 0.9915 and 0.9852 in Hyogo and 0.9848 and 0.9852 in Shimane, when 50 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF: q) of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 were used in simulation 1. The success rates of sire identification tests based solely on the exclusion method were relatively low in simulation 2. However, assuming that 50 SNPs with MAF of 0.25${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.35 or 0.45${\leq}$q${\leq}$0.5 were available, the total success rates including achievements due to paternity assignment were, respectively, 0.9430 and 0.9681 in Hyogo and 0.8999 and 0.9399 for Shimane, even when each true sire was assumed to compete with 50 full-sibs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.576-590
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify genes associated with 305-day milk yield (MY) and fat yield (FY) that also influence the adaptability of the Thai multibreed dairy cattle population to tropical conditions. Methods: A total of 75,776 imputed and actual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 2,661 animals were used to identify genomic regions associated with MY and FY using the single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictions. Fixed effects included herd-year-season, breed regression, heterosis regression and calving age regression effects. Random effects were animal additive genetic and residual. Individual SNPs with a p-value smaller than 0.05 were selected for gene mapping, function analysis, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) annotation analysis. Results: A substantial number of QTLs associated with MY (9,334) and FY (8,977) were identified by integrating SNP genotypes and QTL annotations. Notably, we discovered 17 annotated QTLs within the health and exterior QTL classes, corresponding to nine unique genes. Among these genes, Rho GTPase activating protein 15 (ARHGAP15) and catenin alpha 2 (CTNNA2) have previously been linked to physiological traits associated with tropical adaptation in various cattle breeds. Interestingly, these two genes also showed signs of positive selection, indicating their potential role in conferring tolerance to trypanosomiasis, a prevalent tropical disease. Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of MY and FY in the Thai multibreed dairy cattle population, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of tropical adaptation. The identified genes represent promising targets for future breeding strategies aimed at improving milk and fat production while ensuring resilience to tropical challenges. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of the genetic factors influencing milk production and adaptability in dairy cattle, facilitating the development of sustainable genetic selection strategies and breeding programs in tropical environments.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.146-158
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• 2014

카멜리나(Camelina sativa)는 십자화과(Brassicaceae)에 속하는 유지작물이다. 카멜리나 종자에는 건물 중의 약 40%에 해당하는 저장 오일을 가지고 있고, 이러한 저장오일은 식품뿐만 아니라 산업재료로 이용이 가능하다. Microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) 효소는 oleic acid를 linoleic acid로 전환시키는데, 종자 내 oleic acid의 함량 차이를 보이는 품종들에서 FAD2 유전자의 polymorphism이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 카멜리나(Camelina sativa L. 품종 CAME)에 존재하는 3개의 FAD2 유전자를 발달하는 종자로부터 분리하였다. 3개의 카멜리나 FAD2 유전자의 염기서열 및 아미노산 서열은 카멜리나 품종 Sunesone과 SRS933으로부터 확인된 FAD2 유전자들과 여러 단자엽 및 쌍자엽 식물의 FAD2 유전자들의 염기서열 및 아미노산 서열과 상동성을 비교하였다. FAD2 효소의 활성을 결정짓는다고 알려진 histidine motif (HECGHH, HRRHH 그리고 HVAHH)와 효소 활성에 영향을 주는 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) 마커라고 알려진 소수성 아미노산 계열인 valine 혹은 isoleucine이 3 개의 카멜리나 FAD2에서도 잘 보존되어 있음을 확인하였다. 세개의 카멜리나 FAD2 유전자들 중 CsFAD2-1의 경우 카멜리나의 발달하는 조직에서 전반적으로 높은 발현 양상을 보이는 반면 CsFAD2-2와 CsFAD2-3.1은 꽃과 발달하는 종자에서 특이적인 발현을 보였다. 애기장대 fad2-2 돌연변이체에 3개의 카멜리나 FAD2를 각각 도입한 형질전환 식물체의 종자에는 애기장대 fad2-2 돌연변이체 종자대비 oleic acid의 함량이 감소하고, linoleic acid 함량은 증가하는 표현형이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 카멜리나로부터 분리된 3개의 FAD2가 효소로서 활성을 가지고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 더불어 분리된 카멜리나의 FAD2 유전자는 종자 오일 성분이 변화된 유지작물을 개발하는데 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.772-779
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• 2013

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plays an important role in genomic selection and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this study, the pattern of LD and effective population size ($N_e$) were investigated in Chinese beef Simmental cattle. A total of 640 bulls were genotyped with IlluminaBovinSNP50BeadChip and IlluminaBovinHDBeadChip. We estimated LD for each autosomal chromosome at the distance between two random SNPs of <0 to 25 kb, 25 to 50 kb, 50 to 100 kb, 100 to 500 kb, 0.5 to 1 Mb, 1 to 5 Mb and 5 to 10 Mb. The mean values of $r^2$ were 0.30, 0.16 and 0.08, when the separation between SNPs ranged from 0 to 25 kb to 50 to 100 kb and then to 0.5 to 1 Mb, respectively. The LD estimates decreased as the distance increased in SNP pairs, and increased with the increase of minor allelic frequency (MAF) and with the decrease of sample sizes. Estimates of effective population size for Chinese beef Simmental cattle decreased in the past generations and $N_e$ was 73 at five generations ago.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.722-729
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• 2015

딸기 흰가루병은 Podosphaera aphanis에 의해 발병되며 수확기에 가장 큰 피해를 주는 병으로 현재 유황, 농약으로 주로 방제 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 딸기 흰가루병 저항성 품종 육성을 위한 흰가루병 저항성 특이마커 개발로 내병성 육종효율을 높이고자 하였다. 흰가루병 저항성 계통 선발을 위한 분자마커를 개발하기 위해 아키히메${\times}$설향 집단을 대상으로 자가수분을 통해 후대 양성 후 병저항성을 검정하였다. 마커분석은 RAPD primer 200 세트 중 OPE10 331bp에서부터 흰가루병 저항성 특이 마커 선발하였다. 흰가루병 저항성 특이밴드만 선발하기 위하여 클로닝 후 유전자정보 분석하여 SP1F/R의 Primer를 제작하였다. 그러나 SP1F/R을 이용하여 PCR한 결과 저항성, 감수성간에 다형성이 확인되지 않아 염기서열을 정렬한 후 SNP, In/del의 다형성 유무를 확인한 결과 6개의 SNP를 확인하였다. 이들 PCR 산물을 해당 사이트와 연관된 제한효소로 절단한 결과 그 중 Eae I(Y/GGCCR)의 절단으로 231bp 위치에서 저항성과 감수성간의 다형성을 확인함으로써 흰가루병 저항성 계통선발을 위한 분자마커를 선발하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 딸기 흰가루병 저항성 품종 육성을 위한 MAS(marker assisted selection) 체계 확립으로 내병성 육종효율 증진에 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.