• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1999

For the mass production of plug seedlings in cultivar ‘Dejima’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) the optimal apical cutting diameter for rooting and rapid multiplication of stem cuttings in hydroponics were determined. In addition, the best planting date was predicted to increase tuber yield of plug seedlings at fall cropping in Cheju-Do, Korea. Days to initial rooting decreased as the cutting diameter was reduced. Plant height, leaf number, root length and root weight per plant were favorable as the cutting diameter was small. The ideal cutting diameter was 1-2 mm in this experiment. In the hydroponic cultures, the Japanese standard (JS) nutrient solution was the most effective for multiplication of stem cuttings. It was able to propagate more than 20 times a month from a single mother plant. Viability of plants, which were derived from plug seedlings using stem cuttings, was excellent when transplanted to the field. The number of tubers and tuber yield in both of the plug seedlings and seed potato planting plots were high when planted on 25 August. The number and yield were reduced when planted on 15 August, 5 September and 15 September. The degree of decrease of tuber yield in the plug seedling planting plot however, was lower than that of seed potatoes when the planting date was late. In the case of small tubers (under 30 g), the number of tubers and tuber yield were evidently increased in the seed potato tuber planting plot; the yield of large tuber (over 80g) in the plug seedling planting plot was higher than that of the seed potato. The total tuber yield per plant in the plug seedling planting plot was less than that of the seed potato; therefore, in order to increase tuber yield it was necessary to increase field plant density.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1984

In order to determine the extent of the placental transfer of Lithium ion, pregnant rabbits at $27{\sim}29$ days of gestation, which has hemochorial placenta similar to the human placenta, received 2 mM/Kg of $Li^+$ in the form of LiCl intravenously. Maternal arterial blood, placental sinus blood, fetal blood, amniotic fluid and maternal urine were drawn two hours after the single dose of LiCl. Concentrations of $Li^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and osmolarity were measured in plasma of collected bloods, amniotic fluid and urine. Followings are the results obtained. 1) Evident level of $Li^+$ was detected in fetal blood, although fetal plasma concentration of $Li^+$ found to be almost one third of maternal plasma. 2) Plasma concentration of $Li^+$ in placental sinus blood was higher than that in fetal plasma but lower than that in maternal plasma. It means that downward concentration gradient of $Li^+$ from mother to fetus was still remarkable two hours after the injection. 3) Significant level of $Li^+$ was also detected in amniotic fluid. It seemed likely that $Li^+$, at least in part, excreted by the fetal urinary tract. 4) There were no differences in $Na^+$ and osmolar concentration between fetal and maternal blood. 5) From above results, it was concluded that $Li^+$ may transfer across the placenta but limited passage capacity through placental barrier for $Li^+$ is significant, beacause net transfer assumed to be going on even at two hours, at which time maternal equlibrium has been reached.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2002

Injury has now replaced disease as the biggest single cause of death in children after their first birthday. Each day child dies from preventable, unintentional injury and the medical cost of these injury is increasing remarkably. It is necessary to develope injury prevention models to explain, predict, manage, evaluate and analyze the information about accident. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to investigate parent's actions regarding safety measures at home and secondly, to identify the influencing factors of parents' safety behaviors. The selection of such factors is guided by the theoretical framework of the Pender's Health Promotion Model. Method ; The questionnaire was developed on the basis of other investigations, through pilot testing, peer review, and review by field health workers. The questionnaire was completed by 231 mothers of young children. Data was collected between April and May 2002. Variable Use of three different domains of safety behavior, safety habits, supervision and perception of safety devices, were listed. Mothers were self reported on internal locus of control, mother & child relationships, and marital intimacy. Also the elements of the Health Promotion Model: perceived benefit, barrier, threat, and self-efficacy, were surveyed. Results & discussion The results indicate that most parents take considerable action to reduce household hazards. The constructs derived from the Model were statistically significant differences for a small part of the variables on parental behavior to reduce hazards in the home, such as age, education, economic status, self-efficacy, perceived benefit, internal locus of control. Future studies ought to include social influences, such as expectations, perceived norms, knowledge, and child-related variables, relevant to parental safety measures in their home.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

This study provided longitudinal examination of the Chinese learners' acquisition of Korean vowels. Specifically, I examined the Chinese learners' Korean monophthongs /i, e, ɨ, ${\Lambda}$, a, u, o/ that were created at the time of 1 month and 12 months, tried to verify empirically how they learn by dealing with their mother tongue, and Korean vowels through dealing with pattern of the Perceptual Assimilation Model (henceforth PAM) of Best (Best, 1993; 1994; Best & Tyler, 2007) and the Speech Learning Model (henceforth SLM) of Flege (Flege, 1987; Bohn & Flege, 1992, Flege, 1995). As a result, most of the present results are shown to be similarly explained by the PAM and SLM, and the only discrepancy between these two models is found in the 'similar' category of sounds between the learners' native language and the target language. Specifically, the acquisition pattern of /u/ and /o/ in Korean is well accounted for the PAM, but not in the SLM. The SLM did not explain why the Chinese learners had difficulty in acquiring the Korean vowel /u/, because according to the SLM, the vowel /u/ in Chinese (the native language) is matched either to the vowel /u/ or /o/ in Korean (the target language). Namely, there is only a one-to-one matching relationship between the native language and the target language. In contrast, the Chinese learners' difficulty for the Korean vowel /u/ is well accounted for in the PAM in that the Chinese vowel /u/ is matched to the vowel pair /o, u/ in Korean, not the single vowel, /o/ or /u/.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine health status and health behavior of adolescents by socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted for 836 adolescence respondents. Results: First, the score of health status was 3.75 and high in 12-15 ages, living together with parents and private medical insured person. The score of oral health status was 2.85 and high in 12-15 ages, employed health insured, living together with parents. Second, dental treatment need was high in female, low income and dental checkup high in 12-15 ages and high income. Influenza vaccination was high in 12-15 ages. Diet contents was good in high income, living together parents and private medical insured and having breakfast was high in male, 12-15 ages, high income, living together with parents and private medical insured person. Third, smoking experience was high in male, low income, living together with single father or mother and drinking age was high in high income family. Forth, sinusitis was high in high income and small pox was high in low income. Conclusion: There might be many differences in the health status and health behavior of adolescents by sex, age, house income, type of family, private medical insurance. Our findings suggest that the need to develop appropriate health education program for high health problem behavior and intervention strategies for socioeconomic specified groups at greater risk.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

In this study, the characteristics and patterns of family problems were explored. What constituted family problems, and how those evolved over the period of drastic changes in the Korean society were examined, by analyzing articles published from the 1940s to the 1980s in the four major national newspapers in Korea. A total of 6542 articles related to family problems in the four newspapers, Chosun, Dong-A, Kyunghyang, and Seoul, were used for the content analysis of this study. The main categories of family problems were classified as poverty, marital issues, issues related to children and adolescents, elderly issues, problems in the family as an institution, and the so-called family-lag problem. Each of these categories consisted of several subcategories: The poverty-related problems included the problems caused by difficulty in making a living and instability of living, for example. The marital issues category consisted of conflicts between the couple, unfaithful spouses, domestic violence, divorce, and so on. Issues related to children and adolescents included juvenile delinquency, difficulty in bringing up children, child abuse, single motherhood, and underage household heads, for example. The elderly issues included the anxiety over the aging society, support for the elderly, conflicts between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, alienation of the elderly, etc. Problems in the family as an institution consisted of the legal issues in such areas as marriage, succession of the family head, and adoption. Lastly, the family-lag problem included confusion over family values, and conflict caused by the inconsistency between consciousness and actual behavior related to the family or family crisis. From the 1940s to the 1980s, family-lag was the most common problem (26.2% of the total articles), followed by issues related to children and adolescents (23.1%), poverty (16.2%), marital issues (15.9%), elderly issues (12.4%), and problems in the family as an institution (6.0%). During the 1940s and the 1950s, poverty was a prominent problem, and in the 1960s, issues related to children and adolescents were most commonly addressed in the articles. In the 1970s and the 1980s, the family-lag problem was the most frequently addressed.

• 한국아동복지학
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• 제59호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

본 연구는 교차지연 모형을 사용하여 비혼 아버지(unmarried fathers)의 양육참여와 아동의 문제행동 간에 인과관계를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 미국 취약가구 및 아동복지연구자료(Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study)를 사용하였으며, 아버지가 자녀와 동거하지 않는 비혼여성 한부모가구만 선별하여 총 3,409가구를 연구대상으로 설정하였다. 비혼 아버지의 양육참여는 아동방문빈도와 도구적 양육지원, 지지적 양육태도의 세 가지 하위변수로 측정하였으며, 아버지의 양육참여와 아동의 문제행동을 각각 아동의 3세와 5세, 9세 시점에서 반복측정한 변수를 사용하여 시간의 흐름에 따른 각 변수의 변화를 고려하였다. 연구결과, 비혼 아버지의 양육참여는 아동의 문제행동을 결정하는 유의미한 요인인 것으로 검증되었다. 전반적으로 아동연령 3-5세 시점에서 비혼 아버지의 적극적인 양육참여는 5-9세 시점에서의 아동문제행동을 감소시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 연구결과를 기초로 비혼 아버지의 지속적인 양육참여를 유도하기 위한 정책적 실천적 전략에 대해 논의하였으며, 동시에 보다 효과적으로 아버지의 역할과 책임을 이해하고 관련 기술을 습득할 수 있도록 자녀양육, 관계형성기술, 갈등해결 기술 등의 구체적인 서비스 제공 및 프로그램 개발과 지원방안을 제시하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.453-460
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• 1994

암반(Porous Rock Matrix)과 균열(fracture)에서 일차원의 이동 방정식(Migration Equation)을 3-Member Decay Chain까지 화장하고, Laplace Transform을 이용하여 초기조건이 Delta Function과 Bateman Equation인 각각에 대해 해석해를 구한다. 그 해를 이용하여 Actinide Chain 중 4n＋1과 4n＋2 Chain에서 선택된 Np$^{241}$-U$^{233}$ -Th$^{229}$ 와 U$^{234}$ -Th$^{230}$ -Ra$^{226}$ Chain의 각 핵종들의 균열에서의 농도를 상대농도로 나타낸다. 이핵종들의 지연계수(Retardation Coefficient)는 화강암에 대한 것을 사용하여 균열에서의 농도 변화를 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에 의한 결과로는 U$^{233}$ , Th$^{229}$ , Th$^{230}$ Ra$^{226}$ 같은 핵종들은 비록 초기 inventory에는 작은 양일지라도 균열과 암반에서 모핵종의 붕괴(decay)에 의해 생기므로써 처분장으로부터 먼 거리에서는 중요한 핵종이 된다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.3-29
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acceptance of family diversity among college students and related variables. Method: Data were collected by a structured questionnaire with 280 students who attended in three universities located in J province. SPSS Statistics Program version 24.0 was used to analyze the collected data. To answer the research questions, descriptive statistics, t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation analyses, and regression analyses were performed. Results: The major results of the survey were summarized as below. First, the acceptance of family diversity among college students was slightly higher than the middle level(M=12.11). Most students accepted nuclear family as a typical family. More than half of the students accepted single parent families, adaptive families, step families, unmarried mother families, childless couples, homosexual families, elderly women living alone, and families composed of siblings as a family. Second, there was a significant difference by religiosity. Students without religion were higher than their counterparts with religion in a level of family diversity acceptance. Among the individual factors, third, a level of traditional family value had a significant negative effect on a level of family diversity acceptance. And perspective taking had a positive effect on a level of family diversity acceptance. Fourth, among the family factors, parent-child open communication did not affect a level of family diversity acceptance. However, parents' gender egalitarian beliefs had a significant positive effect on a level of family diversity acceptance. Lastly, regarding the relative effects of the personal and family factors, the traditional family value had the largest effect on a level of family diversity acceptance among college students. Conclusions: Base on these results, the implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2022

Background: According to the National Family Health Survey-4, in India, 78.9% of deliveries occur in institutions, although only 42.6% of new mothers initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour of delivery. Purpose: To estimate the proportion of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) among new mothers at discharge from a tertiary care hospital and identify the determinants of delayed initiation of breastfeeding among them. Methods: This was a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study of 108 new mothers. After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, we interviewed the new mothers on the day of discharge. Multivariate logistic regression was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24. Results: The median breastfeeding initiation time was 90 minutes (interquartile range, 30-180 minutes). Overall, 43.5% of the mothers practiced EIBF, 77.4% practiced exclusive breastfeeding, and 43.5% were rooming in at discharge. Reasons for breastfeeding delays included extended recovery time from spinal anesthesia, maternal lassitude, and uncomfortable breastfeeding position due to post-cesarean pain. In the multivariate analysis, a birth weight less than 2,500 g (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-16.82; P=0.03), cesarean section delivery (aOR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.57-13.92; P=0.005), and mother's poor knowledge of breastfeeding (aOR, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.44-14.72; P=0.010) were more likely to delay the initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: EIBF was practiced by less than half of the new mothers as determined by the cesarean section, baby's birth weight, and mothers' awareness of breastfeeding. Thus, it is vital to improve breastfeeding and nutritional counseling among mothers during the antenatal period and improve healthcare professionals' training to facilitate EIBF, even in circumstances such as cesarean section.