• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2000

Recently, as business problems become more complicated and require more precise quantitative results, large-scale model management systems are increasingly in demand for supporting the decision-making activities. In addition, as distributed computing over networks gains popularity, departmental computing systems are gradually adopted in an organization to facilitate collaboration of geographically dispersed multiple departments. In departmental collaborative model management systems, multiple departments share common models but approach them with different user-views depending on their departmental needs. Moreover, the shared models become evolved as their structures and the corresponding data sets change due to the dynamic nature of the operating environment and the inherent uncertainty associated with the problems. In such capacity, providing the multiple departmental users with synchronized and consistent views of the models is important to improve the overall productivity. In this paper, we propose a collaborative model management framework for coordinating model change and automatic user-view update in a departmental computing environment. To do so, we describes changes in the model and their effects occurred in departmental model management environments and identifies the constructs and processes for maintaining the consistency between a shared model and its departmental user-views. Especially, in this framework, generic model concept was adopted for accommodating diverse mathematical models in a uniform way in a modelbase and object-oriented database management systems(ODBMS) for combining the model management constructs and automatic user-view update mechanisms in a single formalism. A prototype object-oriented modeling environment was developed using an ODBMS called ObjectStore and $C^{++}$ programming language on Windows NT.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.614-621
• /
• 2012

Silver nanoparticles production by the green chemistry approach was investigated using an isolated marine actinomycetes strain. The isolated strain was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus based on chemotaxonomic and ribotyping properties. The strain revealed production of silver nanoparticles both extracellular and intracellularly. Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis with the function of time revealed that particle synthesis by this strain is reaction time dependent. The produced particles were spherical shaped and monodispersive in nature and showed a single surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm. Size distribution histograms indicated production of 10-40-nm-size nanoparticles with a mean size of 14.5 nm. FT-IR spectra of nanopartilces showed N-H, C-H, and C-N stretching vibrations, denoting the presence of amino acid/peptide compounds on the surface of silver nanoparticles produced by S. albidoflavus. Synthesized nanoparticles revealed a mean negative zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility of -8.5 mV and -0.000066 $cm^2/Vs$, respectively. The nanoparticles produced were proteinaceous compounds as capping agents with -8.5 mV zeta potential and revealed antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacterial strains. Owing to their small size, these particles have greater impact on industrial application spectra.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.425-457
• /
• 2004

This study is to approach e-Trade issues and how to settle the dispute for e-Trade according to on-line Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process. Most on-line systems operate on a limited access basis. The increasing use of the internet to do business brings to light at least important concerns to persons who engage in commerce on-line, or e-Trade. There is some concern about the limits of current internet technology to guarantee the security of e-Trade. The new technology has transformed society and is defining new years of doing business. This revolution in technology has even changed the nature of many of the goods and services that are the subjects of e-Trade. There is also concern about the limits of the legal framework to guarantee the enforcement of e-Trade. A significant issue is how the law should be adapted to reflect business practices regarding such cyberspace agreements as Web site click-on agreements, e-data interchange, and on-line sales. The principal benefits of on-line ADR should typically be faster and less expensive than traditional conciliation arbitration. The on-line ADR system has the several significances, decreasing inappropriate cost as time and burden of ADR, providing an approachable measure of relief and more efficient tool for the settle of dispute. Therefore, on-line ADR could be used as an adjunct resolution process in large class actions where each single claim is small, but varies somewhat, thus requiring some individual fact determination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.172-172
• /
• 2008

By thermal evaporation method, well-aligned ZnO nanowires were synthesized on sapphire substrate at $1000^{\circ}C$ with different oxygen flow rate by using pure ZnO powder (99.999 %). The as-synthesized ZnO nanowires were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The well-aligned nanowires are single crystalline in nature and perpendicularly grown along the c-axis. Also the growth rate of nanowires, such as diameter and length, had a tendency to increase as oxygen flow rate increased. Based on the PL measurement of ZnO nanowires, we found that the near band edge of emission redshifted with the increasing intensity of the defect-related green emission in proportion to the increase of oxygen flow rate. "This research was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government(MOEHRD)" (The Regional Research Universities Program/Chungbuk BIT Research-Oriented University Consortium).

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.3 no.6
• /
• pp.1355-1364
• /
• 1996

A complex object model is one of the value based data model which extends the existing relational data model for supporting complex structured data. This paper studies a method for designing algebra for the complex object model. For this some others' algebra supporting complex objects are compared and analysed in terms of the applicability of a algebraic optimization strategics. The complex object algebra is designed, based on four principles, simple and clear definitions, no restriction on input data, single specification system. The central nature of this paper is to keep the basis of algebraic optimization method through simplicity, safety and the applicability of algebraic optimization strategy. Finally, it shown that the designed algebra has the equivalent or enhanced expressability with other's algebra.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.266-274
• /
• 2004

This paper presents a scheme for the interconnection of dispersed generator systems(DGs) based on load .unbalance and load model in composite distribution systems. Groups of each individual load model consist of residential, industrial, commercial, official and agricultural load. The unbalance is involved with many single-phase line segment. . Voltage profile improvement and system loss minimization by installation of DGs depend greatly on how they are placed and operated in the distribution systems. So, DGs can reduce distribution real power losses and replace large-scale generators if they are placed appropriately in the distribution systems. The main idea of solving fuzzy goal programming is to transform the original objective function and constraints into the equivalent multi-objectives functions with fuzzy sets to evaluate their imprecise nature for the criterion of power loss minimization, the number or total capacity of DGs and the bus voltage deviation, and then solve the problem using genetic algorithm. The method proposed is applied to IEEE 13 bus and 34 bus test systems to demonstrate its effectiveness.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2019

A large grain YBCO bulk superconductor is fabricated by the top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) method. In the TSMG process, the seed crystal is placed on the top surface of a partially melted compact and therefore the seed crystal is frequently tilted during the melt process due to intrinsic unstable nature of Y211 particle +liquid phase mixture. In this work, we report the successful growth of single-domain YBCO bulk superconductors by a bottom-seeded melt growth (BSMG) method. Investigations on the trapped magnetic field and the microstructures of the synthesized specimens show that a bottom-seeded melt growth method has hardly affected on the crystal growth behavior, the microstructure development and the magnetic properties of the large grain YBCO bulk superconductors. The bottom-seeded melt growth method is clearly beneficial for the stable control of seed orientation through the melt process for the fabrication of a large grain YBCO bulk superconductor.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.295-307
• /
• 2016

The present research work reports a low temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) chemical precipitation technique for synthesizing hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles of spherical morphology through a simple reaction of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate at pH 11. The crystallinity of the single-phase nanoparticles could be improved by calcinating at $600^{\circ}C$ in air. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) revealed the synthesized HAp is stable up to $1200^{\circ}C$. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with average size of $23.15{\pm}2.56nm$ and Ca/P ratio of 1.70. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm of the nanoparticles revealed their porous structure with average pore size of about 24.47 nm and average surface area of $78.4m2g^{-1}$. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the formation of P-O, OH, C-O chemical bonds. Cytotoxicity and MTT assay on MG63 osteogenic cell lines revealed nontoxic bioactive nature of the synthesized HAp nanoparticles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1609-1612
• /
• 2003

The electrooxidation of 8-(3-acetylimino-6-methyl 2,4-dioxopyran)-1-aminonaphthaline (AMDAN) in aqueous and non aqueous media led to the formation of polymeric films, poly (AMDAN). The monomer, undergo anodic oxidation through the formation of a monocation radical irrespective of the nature of the medium. In aqueous medium, the monocation radical undergoes, through its resonance structures, dimerisation involving tail-to-tail, head-to-tail and even head-to-head coupling. The products formed, being more easily oxidisable than the parent substance, undergo further oxidation at the same potential so that the overall oxidation involves a one-step (i.e., a single wave), two-electron process. In non-aqueous medium, the monocation radical does not undergo dimerisation through coupling reactions. Retaining its identity, monomer oxidise in two steps involving one electron in each step. The fact that the cathodic peaks corresponding to these anodic peaks are rarely observed indicates fast consumption of the electrogenerated monocation radicals and dications by follow-up chemical reactions to produce polymeric products (poly AMDAN). The electrochemical behavior of the formed polymer films was investigated in both non aqueous and aqueous media. The films prepared in non aqueous medium were found to be more electroactive than that the films prepared in aqueous medium. This is confirmed with the results in litreature which illustrate that the film prepared in aqueous solution hold water in its structure via hydrogen bonding, which causes decomposition reactions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.455-468
• /
• 2006

Smart structural systems are defined as ones that demonstrate the ability to modify their characteristics and/or properties in order to respond favorably to unexpected severe loading conditions. The performance of such a task requires a set of additional components to be integrated within such systems. These components belong to three major categories, sensors, processors and actuators. It is wellknown that all structural systems entail some level of uncertainty, because of their extremely complex nature, lack of complete information, simplifications and modeling. Similarly, sensors, processors and actuators are expected to reflect a similar uncertain behavior. As it is imperative to be able to evaluate the impact of such components on the behavior of the system, it is as important to ensure, or at least evaluate, the reliability of such components. In this paper, a system model for reliability assessment of smart structural systems is outlined. The presented model is considered a necessary first step in the development of a reliability assessment algorithm for smart structural systems. The system model outlines the basic components of the system, in addition to, performance functions and inter-relations among individual components. A fault tree model is developed in order to aggregate the individual underlying component reliabilities into an overall system reliability measure. Identification of appropriate limit states for all underlying components are beyond the scope of this paper. However, it is the objective of this paper to set up the necessary framework for identifying such limit states. A sample model for a three-story single bay smart rigid frame, is developed in order to demonstrate the proposed framework.