• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.307-323
• /
• 2016

The nonlinear behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) frame structure are investigated by numerical simulation method with 3-D finite fiber elements. The dynamic characteristics and the seismic performance of the RAC frame structure are analyzed and validated with the shaking table test results. Specifically, the natural frequency and the typical responses (e.g., storey deformation, capacity curve, etc.) from Model 1 (exclusion of strain rate effect) and Model 2 (inclusion of strain rate effect) are analyzed and compared. It is revealed that Model 2 is more likely to provide a better match between the numerical simulation and the shaking table test as key attributes of seismic behaviors of the frame structure are captured by this model. For the purpose to examine how seismic behaviors of the RAC frame structure vary under different strain rates in a real seismic situation, a numerical simulation is performed by varying the strain rate. The storey displacement response and the base shear for the RAC frame structure under different strain rates are investigated and analyzed. It is implied that the structural behavior of the RAC frame structure is significantly influenced by the strain rate effect. On one hand, the storey displacements vary slightly in the trend of decreasing with the increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the base shear of the RAC frame structure under dynamic loading conditions increases with gradually increasing amplitude of the strain rate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.474-477
• /
• 2006

To predict thermal stress independent of uncertain material properties of early age concrete, such as elastic modulus and creep, thermal stress device is used. In order to verify the application of various degree of constraint in the thermal stress device, a series of experiments were performed on mass concrete followed by numerical simulation. The application of various degrees of constraint can be achieved by using constraint frame material with different thermal expansion coefficient, length, and cross sectional area. Temperature development in the real structure has been simulated using temperature and humidity control chamber. The results from experiments and numerical analysis show that the thermal stresses estimated from simulation agree well with the general stress variations in the real structure even though the properties of concrete are uncertain.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.245-255
• /
• 2012

The damping effect of a Concrete-filled Rectangular Steel Tube (CRST) frame structure is studied in this paper. Viscous dampers are employed to insure the function of the building especially subjected to earthquakes, for some of the main vertical elements of the building are not continuous. The shaking table test of a 1:15 scale model was conducted under different earthquake excitations to recognize the seismic behavior of this building. And the vibration damping effect was also investigated by the shaking table test and the simulation analysis. The nonlinear time-history analysis of the shaking table test model was carried out by the finite element analysis program CANNY. The simulation model was constructed in accordance with the tested one and was analyzed under the same loading condition and the simulation effect was then validated by the tested results. Further more, the simulation analysis of the prototype structure was carried out by the same procedure. Both the simulated and tested results indicate that there are no obvious weak stories on the damping equipped structure, and the dampers can provide the probability of an irregular CRST frame structure to meet the requirements of the design code on energy dissipation and deformation limitation.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2023

In order to study the anti-seismic performance of full light-weight concrete utility tunnel, EL Centro seismic waves were input, and the seismic simulation shaking table test was carried out on the four utility tunnel models. The dynamic characteristics and acceleration response of the system consisting of the utility tunnel structure and the soil, and the interlayer displacement response of the structure were analyzed. The influence law of different construction methods, haunch heights and concrete types on the dynamic response of the utility tunnel structure was studied. And the experimental results were compared with the finite element calculation results. The results indicated that with the increase of seismic wave intensity, the natural frequency of the utility tunnel structure system decreased and the damping ratio increased. The assembling composite construction method could be equivalent to replace the integral cast-in-place construction method. The haunch height of the assembling composite full light-weight concrete utility tunnel was increased from 30 mm to 50 mm to enhance the anti-seismic performance during large earthquakes. The anti-seismic performance of the full light-weight concrete utility tunnel was better than that of the ordinary concrete utility tunnel. The peak acceleration of the structure was reduced by 21.8% and the interlayer displacement was reduced by 45.8% by using full light-weight concrete. The finite element simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, which could provide reference for practical engineering design and application.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1999.04a
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 1999

Various method have been developed for mass concrete structures to reduce the temperature increase of concrete mass due to exothermic hydration reactions of concrete compounds and thereby to avoid thermal cracks. One of the methods widely acceptable for practical use is pipe cooling, in which cooling is achieved by circulating cold water through thin-wall steel pipes embedded in the concrete. A numerical simulation was performed to investigate the effectiveness of pipe cooling. A three-dimensional finite element method was proposed to analyse the transient three-dimensional heat transfer between the hardening concrete and the cooling water in pipe and to predict the stress development during the curing process. The effects of the cement type and content and the environment were taken into consideration by the heat generation rate and the boundary conditions, respectively. In order to test the validity of the numerical simulation, a model RC structure with pipe cooling was constructed and the time-dependent temperature and stress distributions within the structure as well as the variation of the temperature of cooling water along the pipe were measured. The results of the simulation agreed well the experimental measurements. The results of this study have important implications for the optimal design of the cooling pipe layout and for the estimation of thermal stress in order to eliminate thermal cracks.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.571-578
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the permeable nature of pervious concretes (PC) through the moving particle simulation (MPS) method. In the simulation, the complex structure of a pervious concrete was virtually demonstrated as a lattice model (LM) of spherical beads, where the test of permeability was conducted. Results of the simulation were compared with the experimental ones for validation. As a result, MPS results showed the permeability index of the LM as almost twice as big as the actual PCs. A proposed virtual model was created to prevent the stuck of water flow in the MPS simulation of PC or LM. Successful simulation results were demonstrated with the model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.213-216
• /
• 2008

CFT(Concrete Filled Steel Tubular) Structure filled steel tubes with a concrete improves the stiffness and strength of the structure by the confinement effect of fillers. CFTA(Concrete Filled and Tied Steel Tubular Arch) girder is a new type structure that applies an arch structure and a pre-stressed structure to CFT Structure to maximize the efficiency of structure and economic. One of conspicuous characteristics of CFTA girder is exposed tendon and that is pointed out as the weak point of this girder. Therefore in this study, safety estimation for the exposed tendon is performed and dynamic analysis is also performed by the collision numerical simulation. For analyzing this model, ABAQUS 6.5-1 was used.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.111-139
• /
• 2018

A successful methodology for modelling controlled destruction and progressive collapse of 2D reinforced concrete frames is presented in this paper. The strategy is subdivided into several aspects including the failure mechanism creation, and dynamic motion in failure represented with multibody system (MBS) simulation that are used to jointly capture controlled demolition. First phase employs linear elasto-plastic analysis with isotropic hardening along with softening plastic hinge concept to investigate the complete failure of structure, leading to creation of final failure mechanism that behaves like MBS. Second phase deals with simulation and control of the progressive collapse of the structure up to total demolition, using the nonlinear dynamic analysis, with conserving/decaying energy scheme which is performed on MBS. The contact between structure and ground is also considered in simulation of collapse process. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is proved with several numerical examples including six story reinforced concrete frame structures.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2021

This work presents a safety assessment of an underground tunnel subjected to a ballistic missile attack employing the numerical approach. For the impact simulation, a box shaped reinforced concrete (RC) structure with a cross section dimension of 8.0×10.0 m under a soil layer that was attacked by a SCUD missile was modeled using finite element (FE) software LS-DYNA. SCUD missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by Soviet Union during the Cold War, which is adopted for a short-range ballistic missile. The developed FE simulation for the penetration depth of the missile impacting into the soil structure was verified from the well-known formula of the penetration prediction. The soil-structure interaction, the soil type, and the impact missile velocity effects on the penetration depth of the missile into the different soil types were investigated. The safety assessment of the underground tunnel was performed with regard to the different depths of the underground tunnel. For each missile velocity and soil type, a specific depth called the unsafe depth was obtained from the analysis results. The structure beneath the soil beyond this depth remains safe. The unsafe depth was found to be increased with the increasing missile velocity.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2019

Modeling approach for mesoscopic model of concrete depicting mass transportation and physicochemical reaction is important since there is growing demand for accuracy and computational efficiency of numerical simulation. Mesoscopic numerical simulation considering binder, aggregate and Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) generally produces huge number of DOFs, which is inapplicable for full structure. In this paper, a three-dimensional multiscale approach describing three-phase structure of concrete was discussed numerically. An effective approach generating random aggregate in polygon based on checking centroid distance was introduced. Moreover, ITZ elements were built by parallel expanding the surface of aggregates on inner side. By combining mesoscopic model including full-graded aggregate and macroscopic model, cases related to diffusivity and thickness of ITZ, volume fraction and grade of aggregate were studied regarding the consideration of multiscale compensation. Results clearly showed that larger analysis model in multiscale model expanded the diffusion space of chloride ion and decreased chloride content in front of rebar. Finally, this paper addressed some worth-noting conclusions about the chloride distribution and rebar corrosion regarding the configuration of, rebar diameter, concrete cover and exposure period.