• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1997

Additives in plastics are capable of migrating from the packaging materials into the foodstuffs, thereby presenting a source of contamination and a potential health risk to the consumer. The migration from packaging materials into foodstuffs is first of all regulated by examining the amounts of global and specific migrated components. Besides, there is worldwide still a need for practical methods for measuring and monitoring migration from polymers, especially for the testing of migration into fatty foodstuffs. Therefore, these studies were undertaken to investigate the safety status of domestic plastic packaging materials with respect to migration. Another objective of this study was to examine the applicability of ethanol as an alternative fatty food simulant substituting for olive oil and n-heptane. The evaporation residues for various dometic plastic samples determined as described in Korean food laws were in the level from 4.3 to 14.5 mg/$\ell$, which were much lower than the limit value of 150 mg/$\ell$. The global migration values into 95 % ethanol showed to be comparable to those into n-heptane, while the olive oil migration values were comparably higher than those into ethanol or n-heptane and moreover they were not reproducible. The kinetic migration begavior of additives in polyolefin samples into 95% ethanol showed a Fickian diffusion process. The results of these studies on global migration and kinetic testings demonstrate that the ethanol could be successfully substitute for the olive oil and n-heptane as an alternative fatty food simulant, at least in contact with polyoefins.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2014

고온용 초음파 측정 시스템을 장착한 이축압출기를 이용하여 고에너지 물질 시뮬란트의 분산도를 실시간으로 모니터링하는 연구를 하였다. 결합제 수지 및 충전제로 ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)와 Dechlorane plus 25를 각각 사용하여 고에너지 물질 시뮬란트 현탁계를 구성하였다. 충전 부피분율이 증가함에 따라 현탁계의 초음파 속도는 전혀 변화를 보이지 않았으나 초음파 감쇠는 선형적으로 감소하였는 바 고르게 분산된 현탁계를 대상으로 초음파 감쇠를 측정하면 충전함량을 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 60 v% 이상으로 충전된 고농축 현탁계에서는 반복 압출실험을 수행한 결과 초음파 감쇠의 편차가 감소하여 직선값에 접근하는 경향을 보이는 바 분산도의 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 on-line 및 in-line으로 측정된 초음파 감쇠와 off-line으로 SEM 및 Image Analyzer 그리고 열중량분석을 병행함으로써 분산도 및 충전 함량을 평가할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2016

Objectives: Materials coming into contact with food may result in the migration of chemical substances into the food. To protect consumers from exposure, Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 specifies the use of standard migration tests. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), widely used for food packaging materials, has drawn the attention of researchers because unwanted migration of PET into food might occur when consumers reuse packaging material. The aim of this study was to predict and develop a migration model for two components, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde in PET, into food simulants under conditions of changing pH and solvents, such as those observed in fermented foods like kimchi or sauerkraut. Methods: Using a migration model based on Fick's second law of diffusion in one dimension, the migration of acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde from PET into a simulant of fermented food at $20^{\circ}C$ over 10 days was evaluated. The simulant for fermented food was modelled as 10% ethanol for three days, followed by 3% acetic acid for seven days. Results: The migration of acetaldehyde into the 10% ethanol was 0.36 times that of a simulated fermented food system, while that of butyraldehyde was 1.34 times greater. These results may have been influenced by the chemical interactions among the migrants, polymers and simulants, as well as by the solubilities of the migrants in polymers and simulants. Conclusion: Because food simulants have a limited capacity to mimic real food systems under the current migration model, an appropriate simulant and migration test should be considered in the case of increasing acidity. Furthermore, since the accuracy of the worst-case estimation of migration predicted by the current model is severely limited under changing food conditions, food simulants and their interactions should be further investigated with respect to conservative migration modelling.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2014

We have developed a cost-effective and facile method to manufacture a pouch-type chemical vapor sampler. Originally, the sampler was developed by U. S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center(NSRDEC) to determine the protective capability of individual protective ensembles or Man-in-Simulant Test (MIST). They used a selectively permeable high density polyethylene(HDPE) as front membrane and aluminum/ Nylon barrier film as an impermeable back sheet in order to mimic the actual adsorption process that occurs when the skin is exposed to chemical weapons. However, it costs over twenty dollars per sampler and the minimum of quantity is 2500 per order. In addition, it is inconvenient to employ a variety of adsorbents into the sampler, which could prevent MIST researchers to do various tests for development of MIST methodologies. Here, we report the simple method to manufacture the sampler in a laboratory scale. All the materials we used are easily obtainable and inexpensive. In addition, all the procedures we perform are generally known. We used methyl salicylate(MeS) vapor to be adsorbed into the sampler and employed several different adsorbents to evaluate the performance of samplers. The results obtained by home-made samplers and commercially avaliable one showed no significant differences. Also, MeS vapor was selectively adsorbed into the sampler depending on adsorbents. We conclude that home-made samplers are capable of collecting any kind of chemical vapor for a variety of purposes.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.844-852
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• 2014

PBX simulant is known to exhibit highly nonlinear behaviors of deformation such as the stress softening, hysteresis under cyclic loading, residual strain after unloading, and aging. This paper proposes a new pseudo-elastic model for PBX simulant considering stress softening and residual strain. Uniaxial loading and unloading tests at quasi-static states were carried out in order to obtain the mechanical properties of the PBX simulants. And then the Dorfmann-Ogden model is modified to make it consistent with the test result of PBX simulants. Prediction with the new model shows a good correspondence to the experimental data demonstrating that the model properly describes stress softening and residual strain of PBX simulants.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

현재 국내 용기포장재 안전성 평가를 위한 용출시험에서 액체 시뮬란트를 사용하는 경우 실제와 다른 이행량 결과를 나타내는 상황과 고온가열 및 건조식품용 포장재, 그리고 종이 판지의 경우 액체 시뮬란트를 사용할 수 없는 문제점들을 감안한다면 유럽연합과 같이 고체건조 시뮬란트의 도입이 필수불가결해 보인다. $Tenax^{(R)}$를 건조식품용 시뮬란트로 사용하여 얻어진 실험 결과치가 실제 식품에서보다 높을 경우 $Tenax^{(R)}$에 대한 기준치를 설정하여 안전성 평가 여부를 판단할 수 있을 것이라는 전제가 성립한다. 지금까지 많은 연구결과들이 이러한 전제를 입증하고 있다. 그러나, 아직까지도 $Tenax^{(R)}$를 이용한 실험 방법이 완전하게 틀을 잡고 있지 못하다고 판단된다. 이는 $Tenax^{(R)}$로 포집되어 측정되는 물질의 물리화학적 특성들이 매우 다양할 수 있는데, 이를 포장재로부터 또는 이행된 식품으로부터 추출분석하기 위한 용매, 추출방법, 추출시간, 오염표준물질들의 종류에 따른 추출 및 분석 방법, $Tenax^{(R)}$의 상태에 따른 분석 재현성 등에 대한 자료들이 부족한 것이 사실이다. 국내에서 유통되는 다양한 식품종류를 감안한다면 $Tenax^{(R)}$를 국내 식품포장재의 안전성 평가를 위한 고체건조 시뮬란트로 공식적으로 도입하기 위해서는 추가 연구들이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2011

KAERI has developed a KALIMER-600 which is a pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor with a 600MWe electric generation capacity. For a SFR development, one of the main topics is an enhancement of the reactor system safety. Therefore, we have a long-term plan to design the large sodium experimental facility to evaluate the reactor safety and component performance. In order to extrapolate a thermal hydraulic phenomena in a large sodium reactor, the thermal hydraulics phenomena is under investigation in a 1/$10^{th}$ water-simulant facility for the KALIMER-600. In this paper, we shortly described the experimental facility setup and the measurement of the isothermal global flow behavior. For the flow field measurement, the PIV method was used in a transparent Plexiglas reactor vessel model at around $20^{\circ}C$ water condition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1967-1971
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• 2013

Aim of our study is finding adsorbents suitable for pre-concentration of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). We considered Tenax, bare silica and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated silica as adsorbents for dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPGME). Tenax showed lower thermal stability, and therefore, desorption of CWA simulants and decomposition of Tenax took place simultaneously. Silica-based adsorbents showed higher thermal stabilities than Tenax. A drawback of silica was that adsorption of CWA simulant (DMMP) was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of the adsorbents with humid air. In the case of PDMS-coated silica, influence of humidity for CWA simulant adsorption was less pronounced due to the hydrophobic nature of PDMS-coating. We propose that PDMS-coated silica can be of potential importance as adsorbent of CWAs for their pre-concentration, which can facilitate detection of these CWAs.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

The integrated protection unit of CHEONGUNG is composed of chemical-biological equipment and air conditioner equiped heating element. The protection capabilities against chemical-biological agent were measured by using simulant agents such as n-Hexane, KM5 Screening Smokes and CS agent. The experimental test results with simulant agents verify the protective performance of the integrated protection unit.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제23회 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.229-234
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• 2004

The objective of the present study is to conduct model combustion tests for double swirl coaxial injectors to identify their combustion stability characteristics. Gaseous oxygen and mixture of methane and propane have been used as simulant propellants. Two model chambers tuned to the If acoustic resonance mode of a full-scale thrust chamber were manufactured to be used as a combustion cylinder. The main idea of the experiment is that the mixing mechanism is considered as a dominant factor significantly affecting combustion instability in a full-scale thrust chamber. Self-excited dynamic pressure values in a model chamber show different combustion stability zones with respect to a recess number. Upon test results, couplings between combustion conditions and the IT acoustic resonance mode become strengthened with the increase of a recess length.