• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

In East Asian medicine, 'gihyeol(氣血)' and 'hyeolgi(血氣)' are basic terms that can be found everywhere. However, despite its importance, there is no clear definition of the terms. In this paper, we tried to distinguish between 'gihyeol(氣血)' and 'hyeolgi(血氣)' and looked at actual clinical examples that were judged to be consistent with this idea. The terms of East Asian medicine reflect its view of the human body and the origin of this view of the body can be seen as Han's theory of sensitivity. In addition, in East Asian medicine, the human body was understood as having a dualistic structure. Based on the theories of Asian medicine, energy can be understood as qi and blood. Therefore, 'gihyeol(氣血)' and 'hyeolgi(血氣)' are not similar or the same terms, but can be seen as terms to distinguish different internal flows of the human body. This organic view of the human body leads to the 'Hyeonggiron(形氣論)' of Donguibogam, and this 'Hyeonggiron(形氣論)' leads to the 'Hyeonggiron(形氣論)' of Hyungsang Medicine.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.189-203
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• 2023

This study investigates the bending and stability properties of cylindrical constructions, with a focus on their use in the design and implementation of sporting equipment. The work focuses on a cylindrical construction resembling nanomotors, similar to components seen in sports equipment, using mathematical modeling based on high-order beam theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory. The analysis provides important insights into the dynamic behavior of these systems, revealing light on the impact of numerous factors such as rotational velocity, section change rate, and structural dimensions. The results show a relationship between angular velocity growth and section change rate, which leads to an increase in fundamental frequency values. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the effect of structural factors on dynamic deflection, giving critical information for increasing the stability and performance of sporting equipment. This study adds to the area of sports engineering by providing a more nuanced understanding of how cylindrical constructions react under diverse settings. The results will help to guide the design and manufacturing processes of sports equipment, assuring improved stability and performance for players across a wide range of sports.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.91-104
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• 2024

Purpose: The study aims to assess the current status of domestic public food delivery apps and analyze the process through which sellers choose between private delivery apps and public delivery apps. This involves exploring strategiesto achieve the original purpose of public food delivery apps, which is to enhance the small business owners income and promote consumer welfare by preventing the monopoly of private food delivery apps. Research design, data and methodology: the research methodology is based on a model that introduces adjustments for non-economic effects, considering the preferences of multi-homing consumers, to more realistically reflect the benefits of sellers' choices. For data analysis, real business performance data from 'Daeguro', 'Meokkaebi', and 'Somunnan Shop' were used. Results: The study revealed that if the market share of public delivery apps within a specific region increases beyond a certain level, the benefits for small-business sellers also increase. This leads to the strategic advantage of simultaneously using both delivery apps. Furthermore, the results exhibit a tendency similar to real social phenomena. Conclusions: This analysis confirmed the role of public food delivery apps in the domestic delivery app market and presents policy recommendations, including application integration and the implementation of exclusive public interest functions, to effectively fulfill this role.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.387-419
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• 2009

The concept of strategic group is defined as an aggregate of corporations utilizing similar strategies with similar resources. It becomes a kinds of contact point in the middle of corporation and industry between the industrial organization theory and the strategic management theory. This study tried to apply the strategic group model, which has been a main theory in the management studies, to program providing industry in Korea. This study shed lights upon research problems such as number of strategic groups, differences of strategic variables among the groups, finally differential performances according to strategic groups. 40 commercial broadcasting companies were analyzed to find answers. 9 strategic groups were drawn as a result of cluster analysis. Major variables which contribute to making groups were operating efficiency(4.05), pricing(3.83), size(number of system operator, 3.56), reliance on license revenue(2.58), horizontal integration(number of sister networks, 2.16) in order. An analysis of variance between performance variables has shown statistical significance regarding total net revenue per subscriber, however, insignificances statistically in regards to ratio of operating profit to net sales, cash Abstracts 687 flow ratio. Some studies in the past insisted that history variable played an important role to classifying strategic groups. However, this study found that the history didn't exert significant influence on either the group classification itself or performance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.569-595
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• 2014

In this paper, a novel semi-energy finite strip method (FSM) is developed based on the concept of first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in order to attempt the post-buckling solution for thin and relatively thick functionally graded (FG) plates under uniform end-shortening. In order to study the effects of through-the-thickness shear stresses on the post-buckling behavior of FG plates, two previously developed finite strip methods, i.e., semi-energy FSM based on the concept of classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) and a CLPT full-energy FSM, are also implemented. Moreover, the effects of aspect ratio on initial post-buckling stiffness of FG rectangular plates are studied. It has been shown that the variation of the ratio of initial post-buckling stiffness to pre-buckling stiffness ($S^*/S$) with respect to aspects ratios is quite independent of volume fractions of constituents in thin FG plates. It has also been seen that the universal curve representing the variation of ($S^*/S$) with aspect ratio of a FG plate demonstrate a saw shape curve. Moreover, it is revealed that for the thin FG plates in contrast to relatively thick plates, the variations of non-dimensional load versus end-shortening is independent of ceramic-metal volume fraction index. This means that the post-buckling behavior of thin FG plates and the thin pure isotropic plates is similar. The results are discussed in detail and compared with those obtained from finite element method (FEM) of analysis. The study of the results may have a great influence in design of FG plates encountering post-buckling behavior.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.735-742
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• 2017

Steel cables as the most important components are widely used in the certain types of structures such as cable-supported bridges, but the long-span structures may result in an increase in fatigue under high stress and corrosion of steel cables. The traditional steel cable is becoming a more evident hindrance. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) cables with lightweight, high-strength are widely used in civil engineering, but there is little research in vibrational characteristics of FRP cables, especially on the damping characteristic. This article studied the two methods to evaluate dynamical damping characteristic of basalt FRP(BFRP) and glass FRP(GFRP) cables. First, the vibration tests of the B/G FRP cables with different diameter and different cable force were executed. Second, the cables forces were calculated using dynamic strain, static strain and dynamic acceleration respectively, which were further compared with the measured force. Third, experimental modal damping of each cables was calculated by the half power point method, and was compared with the calculation by Rayleigh damping theory and energy dissipation damping theory. The results indicate that (1) The experimental damping of FRP cables decreases with the increase of cable force, and the trend of experimental damping changes is roughly similar with the theoretical damping. (2) The distribution of modal damping calculated by Rayleigh damping theory is closer to the experimental results, and the damping performance of GFRP cables is better than BFRP cables.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

This paper describes a new simple QRS detection algorithm using index function based on resonance theory. The ECG signal can be modeled with several sinusoidal pulses and its first difference has some relations with the amplitude and frequency of sinusoidal pulse. Based on above fact, an index function, similar to the square of the imaginary part of a simple R-L-C circuit, was designed. A QRS complex is detected by applying the adaptive method to the response of index function. The algorithm showed a performance comparable to or higher than the other algorithms. Because it does not require any complicated preprocessing or postprocessing, it can be implemented in real time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

This paper has tried to analyze the characteristics of space in Korean traditional architecture by deconstructive concept through connecting Lao-tzu's theory, the main discourse of East and West, with Derrida's deconstructionism theory. Derrida's philosophical term of differance(diff$\acute{e}$rance) is similar to Tao of Lao-tzu. It is because Derrida emphasized the relationships with others by trying the strategy of overcoming dichotomous thinking by this term. Tao of Lao-tzu also has the relative characteristics that cannot be concluded by one sole meaning. Like this, Derrida and Lao-tzu are against traditional and dichotomous way of thinking. In this point of view, this study has set Derrida's deconstruction theory and Lao-tzu's thinking as the common viewpoint of this world. And through the phrase of Tao Te Ching which means deconstructive Tao, deconstructive space design vocabulary was derived as mixed no-boundary, shape of no-shape, transcendence of time and space. The deconstructive characteristics of traditional space by case study analysis of Lao-tzu's deconstructive space design are as follows: First, it is not a specific or detailed shape but an unlimited possibility that can be transformed into something else, moving and changing endlessly and has a borderless beauty. Second, it is nothing itself but creates various shapes, as if it exists without shape. Third, it is a relative and unlimited space and pursuits a free form as a non-conceptional shape without any system or value.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the optimal bending angles of a running loop for bodily protraction of the mandibular first molars and to clarify the mechanics of molar tipping and rotation. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was developed for predicting tooth movement, and a mechanical model based on the beam theory was constructed for clarifying force systems. Results: When a running loop without bends was used, the molar tipped mesially by $9.6^{\circ}$ and rotated counterclockwise by $5.4^{\circ}$. These angles were almost similar to those predicted by the beam theory. When the amount of tip-back and toe-in angles were $11.5^{\circ}$ and $9.9^{\circ}$, respectively, bodily movement of the molar was achieved. When the bend angles were increased to $14.2^{\circ}$ and $18.7^{\circ}$, the molar tipped distally by $4.9^{\circ}$ and rotated clockwise by $1.5^{\circ}$. Conclusions: Bodily movement of a mandibular first molar was achieved during protraction by controlling the tip-back and toe-in angles with the use of a running loop. The beam theory was effective for understanding the mechanics of molar tipping and rotation, as well as for predicting the optimal bending angles.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-69
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• 1985

For the well observed 16 globular clusters with known metal abundance (Z), the helium abundances (Y) and ages are determined by various methods, and the relations between Y, Z and age are examined. The luminosity $L_{RR}$ of RR Lyrae stars is known to be dependent of evolutionary models and pulsation theory in the sense that the pulsation theory and horizontal branch (HB) models yield the anticorrelation between $L_{RR}$ and Z whereas main sequence (MS) and red giant branch (RGB) models yield the direct correlation between them. Similarly the anticorrelation between Y and Z is obtained from the HB models and pulsation theory whereas the direct correlation between them is obtained when the RGB model is applied. The current evolutionary models yield the anticorrelation between Z and age of clusters whenever the direct correlation between Y and Z holds. However when the anticorrelation between Y and Z is applied for age determination, the similar age of clusters is obtained as shown by Sandage (1982b). The ages, which are determined by the fitting of C-M diagrams to isochrones in the ($M_v$, B-V)-plane, suggest the two different chemical enrichment processes, which could be accounted for by the disk-halo model for the chemical evolution of the Galaxy (Lee and Ann 1981). Also it is known that the R-method is very useful for Y-determination and the derived Y's show the increasing rate of $\frac{{\Delta}Y}{{\Delta}Z}{\simeq}0.5$ which is comparable to the observed value of $\frac{{\Delta}Y}{{\Delta}Z}{\simeq}0.3$ from HII regions and planetary nebulae by Peimbert and Torres-Peimbert (1976). In this case, the age-metallicity relation of globular clusters could be explained by the disk-halo model.