• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2007

Trichostrongylus eggs observed in cellophane-thick smears are difficult, in practice, to distinguish from hookworm eggs. In order to overcome these limitations, a molecular approach was conducted. A Trichostrongylus colubriformis adult worm was obtained from a human in Laos, which was identified morphologically. ITS-1 sequence of this worm was determined, and found to be most similar with that of T. colubriformis among the Trichostrongylus spp. reported so far. Then, this sequence was compared with those of human hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, and species-specific oligonucleotide primers were designed. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using these primers evidenced specifically amplified PCR products of Trichostrongylus sp., A. duodenale and N. americanus from the eggs of each(520 bp, 690 bp, and 870 bp, respectively). A species-specific PCR technique can be developed in order to study the epidemiology of Trichostrongylus spp. and hookworms in endemic areas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2018

Background: Analyses of the efficacy and safety of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in most countries have been based on outcomes obtained in accordance with national practice guidelines and monitoring protocols. The purpose of this study is to share our experience regarding the process for establishing guidelines and monitoring protocols for the use of TAVR in Korea, in the hopes that it may be helpful to others undergoing a similar process in their own country. Methods: The Korean guidelines for TAVR were established on June 1, 2015 in through a tri-party agreement involving the Department of Health and Welfare, the Korean Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and the Korean Society of Cardiology. We agreed to monitor the guidelines transparently and to exchange opinions regarding amendments or continuation of its contents after 3 years of monitoring. Results: The monitoring meetings were not held as regularly as agreed, and monitoring was also made difficult by insufficient and incomplete data. Nevertheless, during the meetings, measures to improve the monitoring process were discussed, and accordingly, an agreement was made to continue the monitoring process, with the aim of completing data collection by 2018. Conclusion: Compliance with guidelines is critical for assessing the efficacy and safety of TAVR. Moreover, the TAVR monitoring process must be properly conducted for an accurate evaluation to be made. Any country planning to introduce TAVR may encounter difficulties with regards to the optimal initiation strategy and subsequent monitoring. Nevertheless, continued efforts should be made to persuade the government and the corresponding medical societies to facilitate the optimal application of TAVR.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2010

본 연구는 환자 중심의 의료서비스를 강화하고 있는 현 병원 이미지에 부합하는 개방형 임상실습 프로그램을 개발하여 방사선(학)과 졸업생의 임상 적응력과 전문성을 높이는데 목적을 두고 있다. 개방형 임상실습 프로그램은 학습모형 개발과정과 유사하여 ADDIE학습모형을 근간으로 각 단계별 요소를 구성하여 개발하였다. 문헌고찰과 임상의 요구사항을 수렴하여 일부 학생을 대상으로 1차 시안을 통해 예비수업을 시행하였으며, 관련 전문가의 자문과 수정을 거쳐 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 전문가 그룹을 통해 내용 타당도의 검증을 받고자 하였다. 분석, 설계, 개발, 실행, 평가의 다섯 단계가 순환적으로 구성되어 있는 프로그램은 임상의 변화와 요구사항에 적절한 학습과제에 대해 적용할 수 있는 단계별 과정으로 구현되었다. 프로그램의 유용성과 단계별 내용 타당도는 유의 수준에서 만족한 결과를 도출하였다. 개방형 임상실습 프로그램은 의료계의 요구사항과 효과적인 학습 프로그램 적용을 통해 임상에 있는 방사선사가 환자 중심의 의료서비스에 좀 더 적극적으로 임상에 적응하고 이를 통해 전문적인 전공기술을 활용하는데 도움을 주고자 제안되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-36
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• 2003

Background: Evidence based medicine has become main tools for medical practice. However, conducting a highly ranked in the evidence hierarchy pyramid is not easy or feasible at all times and places. There remains a room for descriptive clinical outcome measure studies with admitting the limit of the intepretation. Aims: Presents three Korean clinic based outcome measure studies with a view to encouraging Korean clinicians to conduct similar studies. Methods: Three studies are presented briefly here in치uding 1) Quality of Life of liver cancer patients after 8 Constitutional acupuncture; 2) Developing a Korean version of Measuring yourself Medical Outcome profile (MYMOP); and 3) Survey on 5 Shu points: a pilot In the first study, we have included 4 primary or secondary liver cancer patients collecting their diagnostic X-ray film and clinical data f개m their hospital, and asked them to fill in the European Organization Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire before the commencement of the treatment. The acupuncture treatment is set up format but not disclosed yet. The translation and developing a Korean version of outcome measures that is Korean clinician friendly has been sought for MYMOP is one of the most appropriate one. The permission was granted, the translation into Korean was done, then back translated into English only based on the Korean translation by the researcher who is bilingual in both languages. The back translation was compared by the original developer of MYMOP and confirmed usable. In order to test the existence of acupoints and meridians through popular forms of Korean acupuncture regimes, we aim at collecting opinions from 101 Korean clinicians that have used those forms. The questions asked include most effective symptoms, 5 Shu points, points those are least likely to use due to either adverse events or the lack of effectiveness, theoretical reasons for the above proposals, proposing outcome measures, and the time from insertion to be effective. The questionnaire is posted on the virtual notice board of the homepage of the communication KOMA (The official tool of Association of Korean Oriental Medicine).

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

Micropore filtration of dilute red blood cell (RBC) suspensions is a widely known method for determining red blood cell deformability. Use of this method for cells from various laboratory animal species does require considering the effects of the cell size to pore size ratio and of suspension hematocrit. In general, previous animal studies have utilized 5% hematocrit suspensions and five micron pores, and thus conditions similar to human clinical laboratory practice. However, when used for repeated sampling from small laboratory animals or for parallel multiple samples from different sites in large laboratory animals, the volume of blood sampled and hence the hematocrit of the test suspension may be limited. Our results indicate that hematocrit levels yielding stable values of RBC pore transit time are pore size and species specific: three micron pores = $2{\sim}5%$ for dog and $3{\sim}5%$ for rat; five micron pores $3{\sim}5%$ for dog and $1{\sim}5%$ for rat. An analytical approach using a common expression for calculating transit time is useful for determining the sensitivity of this time to hematocrit alterations and hence to indicate hematocrit levels that may be problematic.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to obtain some basic data necessary for more effective health education by questionnaire survey on the knowledge, attitude and preventive health behavior. The questionnaire forms were delivered to 500 university students in seoul during periods from 24 to 28, september, from 7 to 19, October, 1991. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) Washing hands after using toilet has relationship to sex (fece: $X^2=51.55$, urine: $X^2=36.25$, p<0.05). Index of female was higher than that of male. 2) Tooth brushing has relationship to sex ($X^2=13.28$, p<0.05). The tendency of practice of male and female was similar. 3) Changing of underwear 1~3 days were the highest and it has relationship to sex ($X^2=162.846$, p<0.05), birth place ($X^2=97.18$, p<0.05). Index of female was higher than that of male. 4) Bathing has relationship to sex ($X^2=80.92$, p<0.05). birth place ($X^2=54.18$, p<0.05, pocket money ($X^2=33.04$, p<0.05). 5) The attitude on occurrence of epidemic disease has relationship to sex ($X^2=70.33$, p<0.05). A female was more senstive than male. 6) In case of slight disease, a cold, illness from fatigue, the utilization of drug store was higher. The utilization of medical center according to disease has relationship to sex ($X^2=69.84$, p<0.05). 7) Medical behaviorism has relationship to school year ($X^2=35.18$, p<0.05), sex ($X^2=42.18$, p<0.05). 8) The utilization of school health center has relationship to sex ($X^2=10.73$, p<0.05), the school year ($X^2=72.09$, p<0.05), the pocket money ($X^2=38.80$, p<0.05). 9) The experience of health education has relationship to school year ($X^2=10.96$, p<0.05). No experence is 95.4%. 10) The subject for health-medical knowledge is necessary. The need for subject has relationship to sex ($X^2=10.86$, p<0.05).

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2010

This study is to identify the present condition and level of human resource administration in domestic profit and non-profit organizations, and to investigate on the relation between human resource management and management performance in enterprise. This study is to make items related to the human resource management of American Malcolm Baldrige Award's level and management performance researching questions, investigates seven patterns of organs surveyed positively. The results are as follows: Firstly, the profit organs like manufacturing companies shows more positive than non-profit in comparison with human resource management of each organs. And a local government and public enterprise which is non-profit show to recognize human resource management is insufficient on th whole. Secondly, perception level of a medical institution, educational institution and service industry about aromaticity of human resource management by global standard shows to be positive, but the local government negative. Thirdly, the profit organ in the recognition of human resource management about details practice too, shows to be positive, while non-profit negative. Fourth, the result which compares and analyzes management performance between the similar industry overall show to recognize positive, but public enterprise negative about product, service performance and human resource management. Fifthly, the details practice of human resource administration shows to influence meaningly to all management performance. Therefore, all organizations will positively confront human resource management, make the circumstance of organization through systematic program, and promote the management performance of the organization.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

Background and Objectives The ultimate goal in current skin rejuvenation practice is to achieve a good result with minimal pain and downtime. Nonablative skin rejuvenation (NSR) is one technique. The efficacy of the long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (LPNDY) has not been assessed in NSR. Materials and Methods Three target areas were selected (bilateral cheeks and glabellar region) in six volunteer subjects. A LPNDY with an integral skin temperature monitor delivered three stacked shots to each target area (1064 nm, 12 mm spot, 13 J/cm², 1 Hz) without any skin cooling or anesthesia. The skin temperature was recorded before, during, and after each set of shots using the system monitor and in real-time using a high-sensitivity (±0.001℃) near-infrared video camera. The skin reaction was observed with the naked eye, and pain and discomfort were assessed by the subjects during and after treatment. Results The subjects reported a mild feeling of heat with no discomfort during or after the test treatments. Mild erythema was observed around the treatment areas, without noticeable edema. A series of three ascending skin temperature stepwise peaks, with a decrease in skin temperature towards the baseline after the third shot, was observed consistently. The mean temperatures for shots 1, 2, and 3 for the cheeks were 39.5℃, 42.0℃, and 44.4℃, respectively, and for the glabella, 40.8℃, 43.9℃, and 46.2℃, respectively. Similar ranges were indicated on the system integral temperature monitor. Conclusion A set of three stacked pulses with the LPNDY at a low fluence achieved ideal dermal temperatures to achieve some dermal remodeling but without any downtime or adverse events. The temperature data from the integral thermal sensor matched the video camera measurements with practical accuracy for skin rejuvenation requirements. These data suggest that LPNDY would satisfy the necessary criteria to achieve effective NSR, but further studies will be needed to assess the actual results in clinical practice.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.133-145
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• 1999

The purposesof the study are to analyze the community nursing center in U.S.A and to develop the model of nursing care system based on nurse-midwifery clinic in community for women's health in Korea. 1. In America nursing center is defined as nurse-anchored system of primary care delivery or neighborhood health center. Nursing centers are identified the following four types: (1) community outreach centers, which are similar to traditional public health clinics: (2) institutional-based centers following the mission of a large institution, such as a hospital or university: (3) wellness/health promotion centers, which offer screening, education, counseling, triage, and health maintenance services: and (4) independent practice. Nursing centers are a concept of services provided by nurses in practice arrangements in a community. Nursing centers offer a variety of services, ranging from primary care provided by advanced practice nurses with medical acute management and nursing care to the more traditional education, health promotion, screening wellness and coordination services. Some services, such as the care provided by advanced practice nurses are reimbursed under various insurance plan in some instances and states, where as others, such as preventive and educational services, are not. Thus, lack of reimbursement has threatened the survival of some centers. Licensing of nursing centers varies by state and program and accreditation of nursing centers is also limited. 52% of centers are affiliated with another facility and 48% are freestanding centers. The number of registered nurse at the nursing centers ranges from just one to 115, with a mean of eight RNs peragency and a median of three. Nursing centers avail ability varies: 14% are open 24 hours, 27% have variable short hours, 23% are open 6-7 days per week, and 36% are open Monday- Friday. As the result of my visiting three health centers in Seattle and San Francisco, the women's primary care nurse practitioners focus on a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the health status of women and diagnosis and management of common physical and psychosocial health concerns of women in ambulatory settings. Therapeutic nursing strategies are directed toward self-care, risk reoduction, health surveillance, stress reduction, healthy nutrition, social support, healthy coping, psychological well-being, and pharmacological therapy. They function as primary care providers for the well ness and illness care of women from adolescence through the older adult years and pregnant families. 2. In Korea a nurse-midwife practices independently for pregnant women's health including childbearing family at her own clinic in community. Her services are reimbursed under national health insurance but they are not paid on a fee-for-service schedule covering items. Analyzing the nursing centers in America, I suggest that nurse-midwifery clinics offer primary care for women and home care for chronic ill patients. The health law and health insurance policy should be reovised in order to expand nurse-midwife's and home care nurse's roles at nurse-midwifery clinic.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 건강한 성인을 대상으로 양측상지기능 훈련을 통해서 활성화 되는 대뇌 연결성에서 상상 훈련과 신체적 수행 간에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 연구 대상자는 건강한 성인 1명으로 상상훈련과 신체적 수행 시 EEG 측정이 이루어졌다. 양측상지기능 훈련은 대칭 과제와 비대칭 과제로 구성되었다. 대칭 과제는 양손으로 박스를 잡고 동시에 위의 선반으로 올렸다가 다시 내려놓는 과제이고, 비대칭 과제는 한 손으로 병을 잡고 다른 한 손으로 뚜껑을 여는 과제였다. EEG 전극은 Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, P3 및 P4에 부착되었다. 데이터 분석은 EEG 전극 쌍 간의 상관 분석을 위해 Cross-Line Mapping을 사용하였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 대칭 및 비대칭의 양측 상지 과제에서 대뇌 연결성 패턴은 운동과 감각 영역에서 유사한 패턴을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 양측상지기능 훈련 시 상상훈련보다 신체적 수행에서 대뇌 연결성이 더 높은 상호상관을 갖는다는 것을 확인하였다.