• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.71-92
• /
• 2023

This study investigates the symbolism and meaning of the bead design, its relationship with the Silla culture, and the conditions of glass bead manufacturing to verify the theory of Silla's production of Silla face-inlaid glass beads with excellent artistry and technology. The research method includes investigating the design analysis, ancient documents, myths, relics, glass, and metal production techniques. Moreover, Hongshan cultural relics and other cases of inlaid glass beads were collected. There are records in the literature that the people of Makhan, Buyeo and Silla of ancient Korea people considered beads as treasures and used them for accessories. It was confirmed that all the design elements of the bead-patterned hair topknot, golden crown, birds, and flower trees were closely related to the myth of Kim Al-ji of Silla, the oviparous tales and the sacred birds and divine beasts of the north. Moreover, the pattern and arrangements were found to be similar in other Silla relics. The origin of beads and face pendants was Hongsan culture, and a stone cast for beads was discovered in Bukpyo of Gojoseon, the lower-level culture of Hajiajeom. In addition, excavating inlaid glass beads from Sik-ri tombs of Korea and a face-inlaid glass bead from Toganmori tombs in Japan confirms the theory of Silla's production. The fact that the Baekje people of ancient Korea had a glass bead manufacturing office in Japan in the fifth centuries suggests that the Silla people also had a manufacturing plant in Java, Indonesia, because this place was a crossroads of Silla's Sea Silk Road and a source of raw materials and labors with a close relationship to Silla. Therefore, the face-inlaid glass bead was indeed self-made by Silla, who possessed the tradition of bead myths and hair topknot, and the high-level skills such as gold crowns and metal inlays.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2024

High-rise, large-scale, and diversification of buildings are possible, and the reduction of concrete cross-sections reduces the weight of the structure, thereby increasing or decreasing the height of the floor, securing a large number of floors at the same height, securing a large effective space, and reducing the amount of materials, rebar, and concrete used for designating the foundation floor. In terms of site construction and quality, a low water binder ratio can reduce the occurrence of dry shrinkage and minimize bleeding on the concrete surface. It has the advantage of securing self-fulfilling properties by improving fluidity by using high-performance sensitizers, making it easier to construct the site, and shortening the mold removal period by expressing early strength of concrete. In particular, with the rapid development of concrete-related construction technology in recent years, the application of ultra-high-strength concrete with a design standard strength of 100 MPa or higher is expanding in high-rise buildings. However, although high-rise buildings with more than 120 stories have recently been ordered or scheduled in Korea, the research results of developing ultra-high-strength concrete with more than 130 MPa class considering field applicability and testing and evaluating the actual applicability in the field are insufficient. In this study, in order to confirm the applicability of ultra-high-strength concrete in the field, a preliminary experiment for the member of a reduced simulation was conducted to find the optimal mixing ratio studied through various indoor basic experiments. After that, 130 MPa-class ultra-high-strength concrete was produced in a ready-mixed concrete factory in a mock member similar to the life size, and the flow characteristics, strength characteristics, and hydration heat of concrete were experimentally studied through on-site pump pressing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.83 no.4
• /
• pp.876-886
• /
• 2022

Purpose To evaluate the performance of MicroPure US imaging to detect and characterize microcalcifications. Materials and Methods A total of 171 lesions with suspicious microcalcifications seen on mammography and B-mode US were included and simultaneously evaluated using MicroPure US imaging. The size of microcalcifications was divided into small (punctate, amorphous, fine pleomorphic, and fine linear) and large (coarse heterogeneous), and the extent was divided into narrow (grouped) and wide (others). MicroPure US imaging visibility was divided into four types based on the number of microcalcifications on the two images: B > M (more on B-mode), B = M (similar), B < M (more on MicroPure), and negative. Triple pairwise comparison was used to evaluate the imaging features according to the MicroPure US imaging visibility. Results Among the 171 lesions examined, 157 lesions (91.8%) were detected by MicroPure US imaging. The proportion of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4A was significantly higher in the MicroPure positive group, and that of category 4B was significantly higher in the MicroPure negative group (p = 0.035). The other imaging features did not differ. Among the positive MicroPure subgroups, all features showed no significant difference. Conclusion MicroPure US imaging demonstrated 91.8% positivity in detecting microcalcifications on B-mode US. MicroPure US imaging visibility correlated with the BI-RADS category of microcalcifications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.82 no.4
• /
• pp.876-888
• /
• 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the diameter and volume of liver metastases on CT images in relation to overall survival and tumor response in patients with gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods We recruited 43 patients with GCLM who underwent chemotherapy as a first-line treatment. We performed a three-dimensional quantification of the metastases for each patient. An independent survival analysis using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was performed and compared to volumetric measurements. Overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using Cox proportional hazard ratios following univariate analyses. Results When patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on volumetric criteria, the median overall survival was 23.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.63-38.57] and 7.6 months (95% CI, 3.78-11.42), respectively (p = 0.039). The volumetric analysis and RECIST of the non-progressing and progressing groups showed similar results based on the Kaplan-Meier method (p = 0.006) and the Cox proportional hazard model (p = 0.008). Conclusion Volumetric assessment of liver metastases could be an alternative predictor of overall survival for patients with GCLM treated with chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.529-540
• /
• 2023

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes of 2-mSv computed tomography (CT) and conventional-dose CT (CDCT), following radiology residents' interpretation of CT examinations for suspected appendicitis. Materials and Methods: Altogether, 3074 patients with suspected appendicitis aged 15-44 years (28 ± 9 years, 1672 females) from 20 hospitals were randomly assigned to the 2-mSv CT (n = 1535) or CDCT (n = 1539) groups in a pragmatic trial from December 2013 and August 2016. Overall, 107 radiology residents participated in the trial as readers in the form of daily practice after online training for 2-mSv CT. They made preliminary CT reports, which were later finalized by attending radiologists via addendum reports, for 640 and 657 patients in the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups, respectively. We compared the diagnostic performance of the residents, discrepancies between preliminary and addendum reports, and clinical outcomes between the two groups. Results: Patient characteristics were similar between the 640 and 657 patients. Residents' diagnostic performance was not significantly different between the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups, with a sensitivity of 96.0% and 97.1%, respectively (difference [95% confidence interval {CI}], -1.1% [-4.9%, 2.6%]; P = 0.69) and specificity of 93.2% and 93.1%, respectively (0.1% [-3.6%, 3.7%]; P > 0.99). The 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups did not significantly differ in discrepancies between the preliminary and addendum reports regarding the presence of appendicitis (3.3% vs. 5.2%; -1.9% [-4.2%, 0.4%]; P = 0.12) and alternative diagnosis (5.5% vs. 6.4%; -0.9% [-3.6%, 1.8%]; P = 0.56). The rates of perforated appendicitis (12.0% vs. 12.6%; -0.6% [-4.3%, 3.1%]; P = 0.81) and negative appendectomies (1.9% vs. 1.1%; 0.8% [-0.7%, 2.3%]; P = 0.33) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups following radiology residents' CT readings for suspected appendicitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.81 no.6
• /
• pp.1397-1411
• /
• 2020

Purpose To survey the perception, knowledge, wishes, and expectations of Korean radiology residents regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology. Materials and Methods From June 4th to 7th, 2019, questionnaires comprising 19 questions related to AI were distributed to 113 radiology residents. Results were analyzed based on factors such as the year of residency and location and number of beds of the hospital. Results A total of 101 (89.4%) residents filled out the questionnaire. Fifty (49.5%) respondents had studied AI harder than the average while 68 (67.3%) had a similar or higher understanding of AI than the average. In addition, the self-evaluation and knowledge level of AI were significantly higher for radiology residents at hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do compared to radiology residents at hospitals located in other regions. Furthermore, the self-evaluation and knowledge level of AI were significantly lower in junior residents than in residents in the 4th year of training. Of the 101 respondents, only 16 (15.8%) had experiences in AI-related study while 91 (90%) were willing to participate in AI-related study in the future. Conclusion Organizational efforts through a radiology society would be needed to meet the need of radiology trainees for AI education and to promote the role of radiologists more adequately in the era of medical AI.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.274-283
• /
• 2023

Objective: To compare the outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening combined with ultrasound (US) with those of digital mammography (DM) combined with US in women with dense breasts. Materials and Methods: A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women with dense breasts who underwent breast cancer screening with DBT or DM and whole-breast US simultaneously between June 2016 and July 2019. Women who underwent DBT + US (DBT cohort) and DM + US (DM cohort) were matched using 1:2 ratio according to mammographic density, age, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, and a family history of breast cancer. The cancer detection rate (CDR) per 1000 screening examinations, abnormal interpretation rate (AIR), sensitivity, and specificity were compared. Results: A total of 863 women in the DBT cohort were matched with 1726 women in the DM cohort (median age, 53 years; interquartile range, 40-78 years) and 26 breast cancers (9 in the DBT cohort and 17 in the DM cohort) were identified. The DBT and DM cohorts showed comparable CDR (10.4 [9 of 863; 95% confidence interval {CI}: 4.8-19.7] vs. 9.8 [17 of 1726; 95% CI: 5.7-15.7] per 1000 examinations, respectively; P = 0.889). DBT cohort showed a higher AIR than the DM cohort (31.6% [273 of 863; 95% CI: 28.5%-34.9%] vs. 22.4% [387 of 1726; 95% CI: 20.5%-24.5%]; P < 0.001). The sensitivity for both cohorts was 100%. In women with negative findings on DBT or DM, supplemental US yielded similar CDRs in both DBT and DM cohorts (4.0 vs. 3.3 per 1000 examinations, respectively; P = 0.803) and higher AIR in the DBT cohort (24.8% [188 of 758; 95% CI: 21.8%-28.0%] vs. 16.9% [257 of 1516; 95% CI: 15.1%-18.9%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: DBT screening combined with US showed comparable CDR but lower specificity than DM screening combined with US in women with dense breasts.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.539-547
• /
• 2022

Objective: To investigate the association between functional tumor burden of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and overall survival in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (OC). Materials and Methods: This prospective study was approved by the local research ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained. Fifty patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 57 ± 12 years) with stage III-IV OC scheduled for primary or interval debulking surgery (IDS) were recruited between June 2016 and December 2021. DWI (b values: 0, 400, and 800 s/mm²) was acquired with a 16-channel phased-array torso coil. The functional PC burden on DWI was derived based on K-means clustering to discard fat, air, and normal tissue. A score similar to the surgical peritoneal cancer index was assigned to each abdominopelvic region, with additional scores assigned to the involvement of critical sites, denoted as the functional peritoneal cancer index (fPCI). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the largest lesion was calculated. Patients were dichotomized by immediate surgical outcome into high- and low-risk groups (with and without residual disease, respectively) with subsequent survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between DWI-derived results and overall survival. Results: Fifteen (30.0%) patients underwent primary debulking surgery, and 35 (70.0%) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by IDS. Complete tumor debulking was achieved in 32 patients. Patients with residual disease after debulking surgery had reduced overall survival (p = 0.043). The fPCI/ADC was negatively associated with overall survival when accounted for clinicopathological information with a hazard ratio of 1.254 for high fPCI/ADC (95% confidence interval, 1.007-1.560; p = 0.043). Conclusion: A high DWI-derived functional tumor burden was associated with decreased overall survival in patients with advanced OC.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.548-554
• /
• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) via transradial access (TRA) compared with transfemoral access (TFA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 53 consecutive men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) who underwent PAE between September 2018 and September 2021. Thirty-one patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 70.6 ± 8.4 years) were treated with TFA, including 14 patients treated before adopting TRA. Since December 2019, TRA has also been attempted with the procedure's selection criteria of patent carpal circulation and a height ≤ 172 cm, with 22 patients treated via TRA (69.1 ± 9.6 years). Parameters of technical success (defined as successful bilateral embolization), clinical success (defined as LUTS improvement), procedural time, radiation dose, and adverse events were compared between the two groups using the Fisher's exact test, independent sample t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or Mann-Whitney test. Results: All patients received at least one-side PAE. Technical success of PAE was achieved in most patients (TRA, 21/22; TFA, 30/31; p > 0.999). No technical problem-related conversion from TRA to TFA occurred. The clinical success rate was 85% (11/13) in patients with TRA, and 89% (16/18) in patients with TFA for follow-up > 2 weeks post-PAE (median, 3 months) (p > 0.999). The median procedure time was similar in both groups (TRA, 81 minutes vs. TFA, 94 minutes; p = 0.570). No significant dose differences were found between the TRA and TFA groups in the dose-area product (median Gycm², 95 [range, 44-255] for TRA and 84 [34-255] for TFA; p = 0.678) or cumulative air kerma (median mGy, 609 [236-1584] for TRA and 634 [217-1594] for TFA; p = 0.551). No major adverse events occurred in either of the groups. Conclusion: PAE via TRA is a safe and feasible method comparable to conventional TFA. It can be safely implemented by selecting patients with patent carpal circulation and adequate height.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.856-867
• /
• 2023

Due to the increase in fine dust caused by environmental pollution, oxidative damage and aging of the skin are accelerated. In this study, the antioxidant, hyaluronic acid, filaggrin, MMP-1, and ROS level of selected herbal extracts were evaluated to confirm the protective efficacy of keratinocytes treated PM10. As a result, the antioxidant capacity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS), and FRAP assay increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Keratinocytes the group treated with 300 ㎍/ml of PM10, hyaluronic acid and filaggrin decreased by more than 50%, and increased in the group treated with extracts of Alpinia officinarum, Ulmus macrocarpa, and Ulmus macrocarpa but decreased when the extract was treated, which is evaluated as inhibiting the degradation of collagen and elastin. In addition, in the case of ROS measurement using zebrafish embryos, it was confirmed that the extract was reduced when the extract was treated 25 ㎍/ml, the intensity of fluorescence similar to the negative control was shown, confirming that the production of ROS was significantly reduced. Through this study, the selected oriental medicinal materials, Alpinia officinarum, Ulmus macrocarpa, and Ulmus macrocarpa, protect the skin from fine dust. It is thought that it can be used as an anti-aging product for skin improvement as a material that can be improved or improved.