• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.609-624
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to get a comprehensive understanding of how genes in chicken shell gland modulate eggshell strength at the early stage of active calcification. Four 32-week old of purebred Xianju hens with consistent high or low shell breakage strength were grouped into two pairs. Using Affymetrix Chicken Array, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed on hen's shell gland at 9 h post oviposition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis for differentially expressed (DE) transcripts was performed using the web-based GOEAST, and the validation of DE-transcripts was tested by qRT-PCR. 1,195 DE-transcripts, corresponding to 941 unique genes were identified in hens with strong eggshell compared to weak shell hens. According to gene ontology annotations, there are 77 DE-transcripts encoding ion transporters and secreted extracellular matrix proteins, and at least 26 DE-transcripts related to carbohydrate metabolism or post-translation glycosylation modification; furthermore, there are 88 signaling DE-transcripts. GO term enrichment analysis suggests that some DE-transcripts mediate reproductive hormones or neurotransmitters to affect eggshell quality through a complex suite of biophysical processes. These results reveal some candidate genes involved with eggshell strength at the early stage of active calcification which may facilitate our understanding of regulating mechanisms of eggshell quality.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.513-523
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• 2009

Many species, cultivars, and hybrids in Populus have been introduced and developed by the scientists of Department of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute in Korea. P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa, P. euramericana, P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii, P. koreana ${\times}$ P. nigra var. italica, and P. davidiana have been studied from many aspects, i.e., genetics, breeding, physiology, propagation, silviculture, biomass production, biotechnology and phytoremediation. These precedent results will provide a sound basis for a newly-arising research on short-rotation coppice as one of renewable resources and phytoremediation plants. It was found that there were many promising varieties and clones for these purposes. However, minute analysis on specific gravity and caloric values for those plants should be followed under several silvicultural and rotational systems.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2017

Tropical forests constitute almost half of the global forest cover, account for 35% of the global net primary productivity and thereby have potential to contribute substantially to sequester atmospheric $CO_2$ and offset climate change impact. However, deforestation and degradation lead by unsustainable management of tropical forests contribute to the unprecedented species losses and limit ecosystem services including carbon sequestration. Sustainable forest management (SFM) in the tropics may tackle and rectify such deleterious impacts of anthropogenic disturbances and climatic changes. However, the existing dilemma on the definition of SFM and lack of understanding of how tropical forest sustainability can be achieved lead to increasing debate on whether climate change mitigation initiatives would be successful. We reviewed the available literature with a view to clarify the concept of sustainability and provide with a framework towards the sustainability of tropical forests for enhanced carbon stock and climate change mitigation. We argue that along with securing forest tenure and thereby reducing deforestation, application of reduced impact logging (RIL) and appropriate silvicultural system can enhance tropical forest carbon stock and help mitigate climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.617-632
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the anatomical structure and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species namely Benuang (O. sumatrana), Duabanga (D. moluccana), Pisang Merah (H. hellwigii), and Terap (A. odoratissimus). This study evaluated its suitability for raw material in pulp and paper manufacturing. The anatomical structure was observed macro- and microscopically. Macroscopic structures were observed directly to the wood samples, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber dimension was measured through macerated specimens and fiber quality was analyzed following the Rachman and Siagian's method. Results showed that these four timber species have similarity in the indistinct growth ring, diffuse porous in a radial pattern, rounded solitary vessel outline, 1 to 3 cells of ray width, deposits within the rays, fiber length, and cell wall thickness. Differences were found on vessel diameter, vessel grouping, vessel frequency, tyloses existence, type of axial parenchyma, and ray height. Based on fiber length and its derived values, the wood fibers of all species studied are suitable for pulp and paper manufacturing. They belong to the II quality class. The produced pulp and paper would have good quality, especially in tensile, folding, and tear strength. To promote their utilization, silviculture aspect of these four species has to be well understood.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2019

Biodiversity refers to the total number and variation among species of flora and fauna of an area. Due to tremendous biotic especially anthropogenic pressure these natural resources are being vanishing. In present study genetic diversity among accessions of Thamnocalamus spathiflorus was evaluated. A total of 51 vegetative characters and 42 primers (10-mer) were screened. Out of 42 screened primers, 28 polymorphic primers were selected for further analysis. A total of 263 bands were recorded as polymorphic whereas 48 bands were monomorphic. The resolving power (Rp) of 28 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers ranged from 4.6 (OPE08) to 17.6 (OPA11). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.21 (OPAH09) to 0.44 (OPG02). The result revealed high degree of genetic relatedness (56 to 80%). Cluster analysis revealed two major clusters both for morphology as well as RAPD. Unlike morphological characterization, the accession (D5) from Bahli, Rampur, Shimla (H.P.) was clustered separately from the others in RAPD cluster analysis. Accessions with closed locality grouped together through RAPD marker system however analogy was recorded for morphological traits. The study conducted reflects the utility of RAPD technique for species identification and phylogenetic studies in bamboo for conducting bamboo breeding program.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2001

가로수용 무궁화를 만들기 위한 무궁화 수행유도 실험에서 무궁화의 지하고를 100cm, 150cm, 200cm로 하고 시비를 달리한 결과, 각각의 근원경 평균이 15.7mm, 13.8mm, 10.8mm로 지하고가 낮을수록 근원경의 생장이 우수하였으며, 분산분석의 결과도 지하고에 따른 영향이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 시비에 따른 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 또한 가로수로 식재하여 '99년부터 2000년까지 2년 동안 조사한 결과는 지하고 80~120cm, 121~150cm, 151-200cm에서 각각의 근원경 평균이 4.9mm, 4.5mm, 3.0mm의 값을 나타내 지하고 80~120cm, 121~150cm의 근원경 생장이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 가로수용으로 무궁화를 육성하가 위해서는 먼저 수고와 지하고를 고려하는 것이 타당한 것으로 본 실험의 결과에서 나타났다. 그러나 본 실험의 결과는 짧은 기간의 시험에 의한 것이므로 앞으로 계속하여 관찰 연구하여 보완하고자 한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2012

We investigated the relationship between vegetation type and soil carbon dynamics in even-aged alder (Alnus hirsuta) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantations in central Korea. Both forests were located on the same soil parent material and occupied similar topographic positions. Soil $CO_2$ efflux in the two plantations was determined using a dynamic chamber method accompanied by measurements of soil moisture content and temperature. Mean soil temperature was similar in the two plantations, but mean soil water content was significantly higher in the alder plantation than in the pine plantation. In both plantations, seasonal patterns in soil $CO_2$ efflux exhibited pronounced variation that corresponded to soil temperature. Soil water content did not affect the seasonal variation in soil $CO_2$ efflux. However, in summer, when soil temperature was above $17^{\circ}C$, soil $CO_2$ efflux increased linearly with soil water content in the alder plantation. Estimated $Q_{10}$ was 3.3 for the alder plantation and 2.7 for the pine plantation. Mean soil respiration during the measurement period in the alder plantation was 0.43 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$, which was 1.3 times higher than in the pine plantation (0.33 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$). Higher soil $CO_2$ efflux in the alder plantation might be related to nitrogen availability, particularly the concentration of $NO_3{^-}$, which was measured using the ion-exchange resin bag method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.767-775
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• 2016

목재의 재질특성은 토양, 지형, 강우, 기후변화 등의 환경적 인자뿐만 아니라 임분 특성에 의해서도 바뀌게 된다. 지역 성림기원에 따라 종가시나무 목재의 물리 역학적 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 지역에 따른 비교분석은 전라남도와 제주도의 종가시나무 천연림을 대상으로 실시하였다. 지역에 따른 결과에서 제주지역은 전남지역에 비하여 높은 생장률을 나타내었으며 역학적 특성에서는 휨강도를 제외한 여러 역학적 특성에서 상관관계가 인정되었으나 실제 값으로 볼 때 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 성림기원에 따른 결과에서는 생장률 및 역학적 특성에서 특별한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2016

본 연구는 임도사업의 계획과 유지관리 단계에서 임도 관리자 집단의 의식성향을 파악하여 체계적인 임도 정책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행하였다. 임도의 계획과 유지관리에 대한 설문조사 결과, 임도 노선의 계획시 고려사항으로는 육림작업, 산지재해 예방, 목재수확 등의 항목에서 높은 중요도를 보였으며, 간선임도에 대한 선호도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 임도 유지관리 작업의 적절성에 대해서는 두 집단 모두 인력 및 예산부족으로 인한 어려움(92.9%)이 있다고 응답하였다. 임도의 개설로 우려되는 주요 피해형태로는 사면붕괴로 인한 인명피해, 사유지 통행에 대한 분쟁 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 현재 실행하고 있는 임도 유지 관리작업의 주요 내용으로는 배수시설의 정비와 노면정비가 높게 나타났다. 임도시설에 대한 주요 보완사항으로는 배수시설, 비탈면 녹화와 안정에 대한 응답이 높게 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the awareness tendency of the government employees who manage forest roads about problems of forest road use and how to improve them in the future using surveys. The results show there are more silvicultural operations than harvesting operations using forest roads. The main purpose of using forest roads is to transport workers; however, the road will be used more for harvesting operations in the future. The respondents wanted to be accessibility for forest operations within 200 m from road in both present and future. For silvicultural operations 1-ton vehicle is used at present, and 5-ton vehicles are expected to be used in the future. For harvesting operations 5-ton vehicle is used at present, and 10-ton vehicles are will be used in the future. The roadway width is 3 - 4 m at present, but should be 4 - 4.5 m in the future. The longitudinal gradient of roads is 7 - 10% at present, and will be below 10% in the future. The minimum curve radius of roads is 12 - 15 m at present, and will be 15 - 20 m in the future. The results provide basic data for making future forest road policies.