• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.330-339
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• 2008

Effect of additives such as NP series nonionic surfactant and cosurfactant on AgCl nanoparticles was investigated where nanoparticles were prepared using two different types of water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions containing silver nitrate and sodium chloride, respectively. Phase behavior experiments showed that the region of one phase W/O microemulsion was found to be broadened with an increase in the ethylene oxide length of a nonionic surfactant mainly due to an increase in hydrophilic nature of a surfactant. Photomicrographs obtained by transmission electron microscopy indicated that an increase in ethylene oxide length of a nonionic surfactant results in both increases in particle size and size distribution. Phase behavior experiments for the systems containing AOT surfactant, isooctane and aqueous solution of an inorganic salt showed that addition of a cosurfactant caused a shrinkage in phase region of one phase W/O microemulsion, especially water contents contained in W/O microemulsion with an increase in the chain length or the concentration of a cosurfactant used. Photomicrographs obtained by transmission electron microscopy indicated that characteristics of AgCl nanoparticles produced were dependent both on the radius of spontaneous curvature and film rigidity of a microemulsion.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2021

Modern people express their beauty through hair coloring, but hair can be damaged by repeated chemical treatments. In order to increase the durability of dyeing and minimize the hair damage, in this study, the acidic amino acids including aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) were used to post-treat hair during hair coloring. The post-treatment with 0.75% Asp and Glu solution was carried out at room temperature for 20 minutes after dyeing bleached hair with cherry red and blue silver colors. After repeated shampooing of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 times, L^*a^*b^* value of dyed hair was measured to confirm the dyeing durability, and the changes in tensile strength, porosity, and surface properties of the hair were also analyzed to determine the condition of the hair. In the case of cherry red and blue silver staining, the Asp and Glu experimental group showed higher color persistence than the control group, and the Asp and Glu experimental group showed higher tensile strength, lower porosity and smooth surface properties than the control group. In particular, the Asp test group showed superior color persistence and lower hair damage than the Glu test group. This study, therefore, if damaged in dyeing and bleaching in the field of hair after treatment with asp glu a combination of hair cosmetics in the development of basic data look forward to be.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제30권6D호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2010

This is the study on the current status and system of the elderly medical and welfare facilities with the subjects in Busan. I investigated the problems related to those by analysing the current status and implementing a survey and then suggested a new facility system as a salvation. At present, the elderly medical and welfare facilities can not receive variety of inmates and also they are operated separatedly so the elderly is not able to receive special treatment and nursing at the same time in one facility. Some nursing facilities can give special treatment by connecting specific hospital when it is necessary, but the connection is not activated than our expectancy at the present. On the base of these problems, this study suggested 'one-stop service system' that can afford to give nursing and special treatment in a place ranging wider areas as the solution. The five types of facility system by integrating the results of survey are as followings. 1) Free special nursing facility + The geriatric hospital. 2) The profit special nursing facility + The geriatric hospital. 3) The geriatric hospital + The hospital rooms with silver town residence type. 4) The actual expense special nursing facility + The geriatric hospital + The hospital rooms with silver town residence type. 5) The geriatric hospital + The residential welfare service. It seems that the preparation for the elderly is urgent when considering the facilities related to those are not special any more because every one is supposed to use them some day. The kinds and the degree of elderly's diseases will be more duplicated and significant afterwards. Therefore it is expected that more various and specialized facilities are to be required.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 1992

Studies were conducted to determine the combined effect of uniconazole [(E) -1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-demethyl 2-(1,2,4 triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and silver thiosulfate $[Ag {(S_2O_3)}^3\;_2-]$ (STS) on reduction of ozone injury in tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Pink Glory'). Plants were given a 50ml soil drench of uniconazole at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/pot at the stage of emerging 4th leaf. Two days prior to ozone fumigation, STS solution contained 0.05% Tween-20 was also sprayed at concentrations of 0, 0.3 and 0.6 mM. Uniconazole at 0.01 mg/pot and STS at 0.6 mM were effective in providing protection against ozone exposure(20h at 0.2ppm) without severe retardation of plant height and chemical phytotoxicity, respectively. Combined treatment with uniconazole, STS significantly reduced ozone injury at the lower concentration than a single treatment with uniconazole or STS. Uniconazole treatment reduced plant height, stem elongation and transpiration rate on a whole plant level and increased chlorophyll concentration. STS did not give any effect on plant growth and chlorophyll content but increased transpiration rate in non-ozone-fumigated plants. Ethylene production in the leaves of ozone-fumigated plants was decreased by uniconazole and STS pretreatment, but there was no protective effect on epinasty of leaves in uniconazole-treated plants. STS increased ethylene production in non-ozone-fumigated plants, but it significantly reduced the degree of epinasty and defoliation of cotyledons when plants were exposed to ozone. Uniconazole slightly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. But STS showed little or no effects on such free radical scavengers. Day of flowering after seeding was shortened and percentages of fruit set were increased by uniconazole treatment. STS was highly effective on protecting reduction of fruit set resulting from ozone fumigation. These results suggest that combined use of uniconazole and STS should provide miximum protection against ozone injury without growth retardation resulting in yield loss.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.187-187
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• 2015

The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) transparent thin film.[1] However, a major problem with this ITO thin film application is high cost compared with other transparent thin film materials.[2] So far, in order to overcome this disadvantage, we show a transparent ITO/Ag/i-ZnO multilayer thin film electrode can be the solution. In comparison with using amount of ITO as a transparent conducting material, intrinsic-Zinc-Oxide (i-ZnO) based on ITO/Ag/i-ZnO multilayer thin film showed cost-effective and it has not only highly transparent but also conductive properties. The aim of this research has therefore been to try and establish how ITO/Ag/i-ZnO multilayer thin film would be more effective than ITO thin film. Herein, we report ITO/Ag/i-ZnO multilayer thin film properties by using optical spectroscopic method and measuring sheet resistance. At a certain total thickness of thin film, sheet resistance of ITO/Ag/i-ZnO multilayer was drastically decreased than ITO layer approximately $40{\Omega}/{\square}$ at same visible light transmittance.(minimal point $5.2{\Omega}/{\square}$). Tendency, which shows lowly sheet resistive in a certain transmittance, has been observed, hence, it should be suitable for transparent electrode device.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1135-1140
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• 2012

Two-step metallization processes have been proposed to achieve high-efficiency silicon solar cells, where the front-side grids are formed by silver plating after the formation of a nickel seed layer with a mask. Because the conventional mask patterning process is performed by an expensive selective printing method using either UV resist or phase change ink, however, the combination of a simple coating and laser-selective ablation processes is proposed in this study as an alternative means. As a masking material, the solar cell wafer was coated with either inexpensive wax having a low melting temperature or a fluorocarbon solution, and then, an electrode image was patterned by selectively removing the masking material using the laser. It was found that the fluorocarbon coating was not only superior to the wax coating in terms of pattern uniformity but it also increased the efficiency of the solar cell by 0.16%, as confirmed by statistical f and t tests.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study was conducted to determine whether Jerksukji-san and Tangnisodok-eum have an effect on treatment of burn. Methods : 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Burns were created by scalding on the skin surface. Immediately after being burned, the rats of group 1 were applied with silver sulfadiazine ointment topically on the burn wound. The rats of group 2 were applied with Jerksukji-san ointment topically and administrated Tangnisodok-eum orally. The rats of group 3 were applied with Jerksukji-san ointment topically. The rats of group 4 were cleaned with saline solution. All treatments were applied twice a day. After 3 and 7 days the inflammatory cellularinfiltration and epidermal gap were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results : The rats of groups 1 and 2 showed a statistically narrow epithelial gap compared with those of groups 3 and 4 on the third and on seventh days (p<0.05). Group 3 showed a statistically narrow epithelial gap compared with group 4 on the third and seventh days (p<0.05). The decrease of inflammatory cellularinfiltration observed in group 2 was bigger than in the other groups (group 2>1>3>4) on the third and seventh days. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Tangnisodok-eum and Jerksukji-san ointment are effective to treat burn, and it is necessary for clinical study to better ascertain this method.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

Coating films of $SiO_2-TiO_2-AgO$ have been prepared on soda-lime-silica slide glasses and single crystal silicon wafer by the sol-gel method using a spin-coating technique. Commercially available tetraethyl orthosilicate, titanium trichloride, and silver-nitrates were used as starting materials. The heat treatment temperature of this coating films was $500^{\circ}C$ properly, obtained from TG-DTA result. The films with thickness of 310 nm were prepared by 5 times coating. In the case of l0 mol% AgO, the film showed a crack-free and smooth surface, but the higher Ago content exhibited the more pin hole and the segregated cluster of AgO. The IR absorbance of the films decreased in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm with the increase of annealing temperature. And the reflectance of the coating films decreased and the color was changed light yellow to white yellow with the increase of Ago content.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2004

Monodispersed flaky silver powder was obtained by controlling the ratios of $H_{2}O_{2}/NH_{3}$ and Agin in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ammonia with an addition of PVP. The effects of $NH_{3}/Ag,\; H_{2}O_{2}/Ag\;and\;H_{2}PtCl_{6}/Ag$ on its morphology and size were investigated. In $H_{2}O_{2}-NH_{3}-AgNO_{3}\;system,\;NH_{3}/Ag$ molar ratio was found to be an important reaction factor for the nucleation and crystal growth of Ag powder. The synthesis of flaky powder was optimized at over 6 of $NH_{3}/Ag \;and\;5\;of\;H_{2}O_{2}/Ag\;under\;1.0{\times}10^{-3}\;of\;Pt/Ag.\;Moreover,\;as\;the\; NH_{3}/Ag$ molar ratio increased, the size of precipitates was increased regardless of the amount of Pt. In the absence of $H_{2}PtCI$, the morphology and size of reduced Ag powder were found to be irregular in shape $2-4{\mu}m$ in diameter. However, homogenized fine Ag powder was obtained due to heterogeneous nucleation when $H_{2}PtCI$ used as a cat-alyst, and flaky one was synthesized with the addition of Pt over $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ of Pt/Ag.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.371-378
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• 1994

The detection range of this galvanic oxygen sensor for oxygen concentration was 0.0% to 20.0%. By using gold or silver as cathode, reproducible response time and sensitivity to change of oxygen concentration were observed. The anode was Pb-Sn-Ca alloy. Oxygen selective permeable membrane was hydrophobic and porous Teflon film. The effect of the membranes varying in thickness have been studied on the temperature($10{\sim}50^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(R. H 0~99%). Lead acetate buffer solution as the electrolyte has shown a high output voltage and longer life.