• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.221-245
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• 2008

광양-하동 지역에는 선캠브리아 시대의 화강암질 편마암과 반상변정질 편마암이 널리 분포하고 있다. 본 연구는 이들 편마암류의 지구화학적 특징과 변성작용의 온도와 압력을 파악하고자 한다. 편마암류는 실리카-알카리 IUGS 분류도에 의하면 화강섬록암 영역에 해당된다. 주성분원소의 여러 특성은 본 역의 편마암류의 원암은 비알칼리암이고 대륙의 동시 충돌형 영역에서 형성되었을 것으로 예상되는 S형 화성암류를 지시한다. 미량원소는 $SiO_2$의 양이 증가함에 따라 Zn, Sc, Sr, V 등 대부분이 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 석류석 성분에서 알만딘과 스페살틴 및 $X_{Fe}$는 석류석 입자의 주변부에서 높고 파이로프는 중심부에서 높은데 이는 석류석의 성장과 후퇴변성작용의 결과로 보인다. 변성분대는 규선석-근청석대, 규선석대, 석류석대, 흑운모대로 분류된다. 편마암류로부터 계산된 변성작용의 온도-압력은 저압 내지 중압형의 고온 변성작용(689-757$^{\circ}C$, 5.0-5.6kbar)을 받은 후 저압, 중온의 후퇴 변성작용(579-628$^{\circ}C$, 3.1-4.5kbar) 및 중첩된 후퇴 변성작용(502-558$^{\circ}C$, 1.6-2.3kbar)이 수반되었음을 지시한다.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2020

단양 국가지질공원 남쪽에 분포하는 기반암에서 저어콘 U-Pb 연령측정을 수행하였다. 연령 측정은 2개의 시료에서 실시하였으며, 이들 시료는 우흑질과 우백질이 뚜렷이 구분되는 혼성암질 편마암으로 흑운모±규선석±석류석+장석+석영의 광물조합을 가진다. 함규선석 및 함석류석 편마암시료에서 각각 수집한 저어콘 결정들에 대해 고분해능 이차이온질량분석기(SHRIMP)를 사용하여 U-Pb 동위원소 성분비를 측정하였으며, 이로부터 1870±10 Ma (2σ)와 1863±6 Ma (2σ)의 변성 연령을 구하였다. 1.87~1.86 Ga의 변성 연령은 영남육괴고원생대 고온-저압의 광역변성작용의 시기(1.87~1.85 Ga)와 일치한다. 저어콘 결정들의 상속핵 연령을 기반으로 두 시료에서 얻어진 최고 퇴적연령은 2.06 Ga로 혼성암질 편마암 모암의 퇴적시기는 2.06~1.87 Ga 사이일 것으로 추정된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2018

The influences of mineral content and porosity on ultrasonic wave velocity were assessed for ten hornfelsic rocks collected from southern and western parts of the city of Hamedan, western Iran. Selected rock samples were subjected to mineralogical, physical, and index laboratory tests. The tested rocks contain quartz, feldspar, biotite, muscovite, garnet, sillimanite, kyanite, staurolite, graphite and other fine grained cryptocrystalline matrix materials. The values of dry unit weight of the rocks were high, but the values of porosity and water absorption were low. In the rocks, the values of dry unit weight are related to the presence of dense minerals such as garnet so not affected by porosity. The statistical relationships between mineral content, porosity and ultrasonic wave velocity indicated that the porosity is the most important factor influencing ultrasonic wave velocity of the studied rocks. The values of P-wave velocity of the rocks range from moderate to very high. Empirical equations, relevant to different parameters of the rocks, were proposed to determine the rocks' essential characteristics such as primary and secondary wave velocities. Quality indexes (IQ) of the studied samples were determined based on P-wave velocities of them and their composing minerals and the samples were classified as non-fissured to moderately fissured rocks. Also, all tested samples are classified as slightly fissured rocks according to the ratio of S-wave to P-wave velocities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2019

This paper depicts the development and characterizations of laminated composites made with cellulosic giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea) fiber mats and epoxy resin. Zirconia-toughened mullite (ZTM) is used as a filler material in the laminated composite which was prepared from sillimanite through plasma processing technique. The mechanical characterizations of this composite have been carried out as per ASTM standards to evaluate its usability as a structural material. The effects of varying weight percentages of the filler and two different fiber orientations namely, angle-ply [$+45^{\circ}/-45^{\circ}/+45^{\circ}$] and balanced cross-ply [$0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}/0^{\circ}$] on the physical and mechanical properties such as density, microhardness, impact strength, tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of the layered composite specimens have been investigated. The study indicates that the inclusion of zirconia-toughened mullite in the composite laminate as filler improves its mechanical properties. Moreover, the use of giant cane fiber mat in the laminate is more eco-friendly than the synthetic fibers. This research also helps in generating additional data to enrich the repository of natural fiber reinforced laminated composites.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.171-182
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• 1995

Five eucryptite and ten spodumene compositional powders were syntehsized from three sillimanite group, two kaolin group, and five pyrophyllite group silicate minerals. Those powders were isotatically pressed and fired at 1200~135$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, and then the sintered bodies were characterized. Silicate minerals with molar ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 correspond to those of eucryptite and spodumene are kaolin and pyrophyllite group silicate minerals, respectively. Sintering characteristics of eucryptite from kaolin group and spodumene from pyrophyllite group mineral were superior to those from other silicate minerals. Eucryptite sintered bodies with 95~97% relative densities and densified microstructures can be obtained using Hadong pink kaolin as starting materials by sintering over broad temperature zone(1250~135$0^{\circ}C$). The eucryptite sintered bodies which were fired at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs, from Hadong pink kaolin had within 3.0wt% microstructural compositional variations compaired with stoichiometric compound, and had good negative thermal expansiion property with -3.55$\times$10-6/$^{\circ}C$ thermal expansion coefficient. Spodumene sintered bodies which were prepared from pyrophyllite group silicate minerals, had dense microstructures and high densities by densification through liquid phase sintering with enlarged temperature range. The specimens which were fired at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs from Gusipyrophillite, had dense microstructure with crystallines mainly, and low thermal expansion property with 0.62$\times$10-6/$^{\circ}C$ thermal expansion coefficient. The porous texture and residual glass phase in LAS system ceramics which were prepared from silicate minerals, tend to increase the thermal expansion properties of sintered bodies to positive direction.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1995

The Jangsan Quartzite is a basal unit of the Cambro-Odovician sequence, in Socheon-Myeon, Bonghwa-Gun, Gyeongsangbug-Do, South Korea, was petrologically and geochemically investigated. The quartzite consists mainly of quartz and muscovite, assosiated with tourmaline and graphite. The quartzite shows white and/or gray color and various green color in hand specimens. The white and gray colored rocks have very low vanadium contents, but a dark green colored rock contains 8960 ppm vanadium. The muscovites in the quartzite show colorless and green color, of which green ones range from pale blue green to pale green. The dark green colored muscovites have above 8 wt. % vanadium and pale green ones have 1-3 wt. % vanadium. Vanadium contents in moscovite increase with decreasing $Al^{v1}$ contents. It suggests that vanadium substitutes for octahedral aluminium in moscovite. In general, it tends to large volumes of muscovite (up to 14 modal %) in deep green colored rocks, and high vanadium contents in their muscovites. Most of the moscovite flakes occur along the quartz boundaries and some are enclosed by quartz grain. The moscovite grains intergrowth each other in the former. The mouscovite aggragates are divided into two types on the basis of their intergrowth(cut) times. Two cut times and one cut time are named T type and D type, respectively. The T type is mainly distributed at western part (near of the Chunyang granite), whereas the D type is distributed from middle to estern part(near the Janggunbong) of the formation. The boundary is consistent with metamorphic isograd between andalusite and sillimanite zone by Ahn et. al. (1993).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 1997

Precambrian metapelites and metapsammites of the Jinan-Osu area (so-called Seologri and Yongamsan Formation) consist of black slate, phyllite, mica schist, quartzite and rarely calc schist. They are intruded by Sunkagsan granite gneiss, Foliated granodiorite, Amphibolite, Sunchang foliated granite and Namwon granite. Mylonite texture, crenulation cleavage and minor shear zone are common. The meta-sedimentary rocks include various rock-fragments xenoliths in size (up to 3 cm) and rock-type. They have various porphyroblastic spots in size (up to 1 cm) and their mineral composition is different. The xenoliths are schists, granite and quartzite, which are rectangular or lens form and recrystallized muscovite, chlorite and quartz. Spots are andalusite and biotite aggregates extensively replaced by chlorite. The metamorphic terrain is divided into three zones of progressive metamorphism on the basis of mineral assemblage. They are chlorite zone, chloite-biotite zone and andalusite-biotite zone ascending order, from west to east approximately. Isograd reactions are phengitic muscovite + chlorite = less phengitic muscovite + biotite + quartz + $H_2O$ and muscovite + chlorite + quartz = andalusite + biotite + $H_2O$ between the chlorite zone and chlorite-biotite zone, and between the chloritebiotite zone and andalusite-biotite zone, respectively. Sample B6 (exposed near the Obong-ri) includes staurolites and greenish biotites, that is different in mineral assemblage and chemical composition from the meta-sedimentary rocks. Sample A12 (exposed near the Shinam-ri) has greenish white spots (up to 1 cm in diameter) mainly composed of Kfeldspar, quartz and sillimanite replaced by muscovite.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1974

This paper deals with grain size analysis, heavy mineral analysis and trace element analysis of the recent sediments of Han River basin between Cheongpyong, Gyeonggi province and Seoul. For each location the samples are taken at river shoreline, river berm and river dune. The size analysis discloses that the mean values range from $-1.37{\phi}$ to $-1.60{\phi}$, sorting values range from 0.25 to 1.84, skewness values range from -0.44 to 0.51 and kurtosis values range from -0.1 to 1.75. Based on the textural parameters, the dune sand can be distinguished from the shoreline-berm sand. The content of heavy minerals of each sample ranges from 0.04 to 4.7%. The principal heavy minerals are ilmenite, magnetite, leucoxene, garnet, amphibole, pyroxene, kyanite, zircon, monazite, tourmaline, epidote, limonite, and minor minerals are apatite, sillimanite, andalusite and olivine. In general, dune sand samples contain more heavy minerals than the samples of shoreline or berm sand. This suggests that the heavy mineral concentration is affected by wind action more than by any other causes. The content of ilmenite and leucoxene decreases, whereas the content of zircon and epidote increases as it approaches the downstream region. The differences result from the variance of geological occurrences. The emission spectrochemical analysis and colorimetry analysis revealed that the content of Ni and V in the heavy minerals of the study area are higher than those of other stream sediments in Korea. On the other hand the content of Cu, Ph, Zn, Mo, W, P, Mn, Cr, Ag and Sn are lower in the study area. It has been observed also that the contents of all the elements except for Bi are higher in this area than the samples of marine sediments of Yellow Sea.

• 암석학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.49-75
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• 1994

홍젠사화강암질암체는 구성광물의 함량과 조직의 특징에 따라 크게 흑운몬화강암질편마암과 미사장석-퍼어사이트화강암질편마암으로 구성되어 있으며 이들은 서로 점이적으로 변화하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 이들을 이루는 주구성광물은 흑운모, 백운모, 녹니석, 사장석, 미사장석, 퍼어사이트 및 석영 등이며 국부적으로 규선석, 석류석 그리고 전기석이 산출된다. 이들 광물들의 교대 및 공존 관계 등으로 볼 때 이 편마암류들은 상부앰피볼라이트의 광역변성작용, 이에 수반된 부분용융에 의한 화강암화작용, 그리고 다시 녹염석-앰피볼라이트 내지 녹색편암상에 해당되는 광역변성작용을 받아 형성된 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 변성작용 중에 생성된 흑운모, 백운모 및 녹니석의 화학조성은 암상이나 생성시기에 관계없이 각각 거의 비슷하며 공존하는 광물들 사이의 화학적 평형관계도 거의 안정되어 있다. 화강암질편마암체를 형성시킨 화강암화작용은 광역변성작용에 수반된 부분용융에 의하여 일어난 것으로 생각되며 이것은 비교적 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 광범위한 지역에서 안정되게 진행되었을 것으로 생각된다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

옥천대의 중앙부에 위치하는 옥천지역에서 시대미상 옥천 변성퇴적암류와 이를 관입하는 쥬라기 옥천화강암이 분포한다. 본 논문은 옥천 변성퇴적암류의 파랑습곡작용과 옥천화강암의 접촉변성작용 사이의 상대적인 시간관계에 대한 미구조 연구로부터 호남전단대의 운동시기를 새롭게 고찰해 보았다. 옥천 변성퇴적암류의 S1 엽리를 습곡시키는 D2 파랑습곡은 전기 파랑습곡(D2a)과 후기 파랑습곡(D2b)으로 구분된다. 전자는 구-홍주석 반상변정에 의해 포획되어 그 내부에 발달하고 후자는 구-홍주석 반상변정을 포획하며 그 외부에 발달한다. 그러나 이들은 동일한 우수향 전단운동감각, 상호 평행한 축면 자세, 노두 규모에서 하나의 파랑습곡구조를 보여준다. 옥천화강암의 관입에 의한 홍주석-규선석형 접촉변성작용은 D2a 이후-D2b 이전의 비변형작용 조건하에서 발생하여 전기 파랑습곡을 형성하는 백운모를 교대시키는 섬유상 규선석과 전기 파랑습곡을 포획하는 구-홍주석 반상변정을 성장시켰다. 후기 파랑습곡작용은 옥천화강암이 냉각되는 동안 즉 주변온도가 여전히 고온인 상태(D2b의 전기단계)에서 발생하였고, 신-홍주석 반상변정은 D2b 전기단계 동안에 구-홍주석 반상변정의 압력음지 내지 최외곽 맨틀부에서 성장하였다. 그리고 후기 파랑습곡작용은 옥천화강암이 완전히 냉각되어 신-홍주석 반상변정의 성장이 정지된 이후(D2b의 후기단계)에도 계속되었다. 본 연구결과로부터 옥천지역 옥천 변성퇴적암류의 파랑습곡구조와 호남전단대의 운동시기를 고찰해 보면 다음과 같다. (1) 전기 호남전단운동 발생기; 전기 파랑습곡 형성기(D2a 변형단계). (2) 쥬라기 화강암류의 주 관입기; 옥천화강암의 관입과 관련된 구-홍주석 반상변정과 섬유상 규선석 성장기, (3) 쥬라기 화강암류의 주 냉각기; 후기 호남전단운동과 관련된 후기 파랑습곡 형성기(D2b 변형단계), D2b 전기단계에 신-홍주석 반상변정 성장기. 따라서 본 연구결과는 호남전단운동은 쥬라기 화강암류의 주 관입 시기 동안의 휴식기를 걸쳐 그 전후로 적어도 2회 발생하였음을 제안한다.