• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2008

Surgical resection and reanastomosis has been the treatment of choice in patients with tracheobronchial stenosis. Recent development of bronchoscopic intervention has been replacing the role of surgery in these patients. After summarizing the upto date data of bronchoscopic intervention, the proper management of tracheobronchial stenosis will be presented. Bronchoscopic intervention would be much effective when performed under rigid bron- choscopy, due to the stable patients' condition and endoscopic view. The usual method of intervention includes ballooning, Nd-YAG laser resection, bougienation, mechanical airway dilatation, stenting and photodynamic therapy. Silicone stents are very effective in patients with tracheobronchial stenosis to maintain airway patency. Bronchoscopic intervention provided immediate symptomatic relief and improved lung function in most of patients. After airway stabilization, stents were removed successfully in 2/3 of the patients at a 12-18 months post-insertion. Less than 5% of patients eventually needs surgical management. Acute complications, including excessive bleeding, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum develops in less than 5% of patients but managed without mortality. Stent-related late complications, such as, migration, granuloma formation, mucostasis, and restenosis are relatively high but usually controlled by follow-up bronchoscopy. In conclusion, bronchoscopic intervention, including silicone stenting could be a useful and safe method for treating tracheobronchial stenosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Purpose: The endoscopic management of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) has been suggested for the primary treatment of patients with anastomotic leaks after total gastrectomy. Embedded stents due to tissue ingrowth and migration are the main obstacles in endoscopic stent management. Materials and Methods: The effectiveness and safety of endoscopic management were evaluated for anastomotic leaks when using a benign fully covered SEMS with an anchoring thread and thick silicone covering the membrane to prevent stent embedding and migration. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 14 consecutive patients with gastric cancer and anastomotic leaks after total gastrectomy treated from January 2009 to December 2016. Results: The technical success rate of endoscopic stent replacement was 100%, and the rate of complete leaks closure was 85.7% (n=12). The mean size of leaks was 13.1 mm (range, 3-30 mm). The time interval from operation to stent replacement was 10.7 days (range, 3-35 days) and the interval from stent replacement to extraction was 32.3 days (range, 18-49 days). The complication rate was 14.1%, and included a single jejunal ulcer and delayed stricture at the site of leakage. No embedded stent or migration occurred. Two patients died due to progression of pneumonia and septic shock 2 weeks after stent replacement. Conclusions: A benign fully covered SEMS with an anchoring thread and thick membrane is an effective and safe stent in patients with anastomotic leaks after total gastrectomy. The novelty of this stent is that it provides complete prevention of stent migration and embedding, compared with conventional fully covered SEMS.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2023

The healing process of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TB) results in tracheobronchial fibrosis causing airway stenosis in 11% to 42% of patients. In Korea, where pulmonary TB is still prevalent, post-TB tracheobronchial stenosis (PTTS) is one of the main causes of benign airway stenosis causing progressive dyspnea, hypoxemia, and often life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. The development of rigid bronchoscopy replaced surgical management 30 years ago, and nowadays PTTS is mainly managed by bronchoscopic intervention in Korea. Similar to pulmonary TB, tracheobronchial TB is treated with combination of anti-TB medications. The indication of rigid bronchoscopy is more than American Thoracic Society (ATS) grade 3 dyspnea in PTTS patients. First, the narrowed airway is dilated by multiple techniques including ballooning, laser resection, and bougienation under general anesthesia. Then, most of the patients need silicone stenting to maintain the patency of dilated airway; 1.5 to 2 years after indwelling, the stent could be removed, this has shown a 70% success rate. Acute complications without mortality develop in less than 10% of patients. Subgroup analysis showed successful removal of the stent was significantly associated with male sex, young age, good baseline lung function and absence of complete one lobe collapse. In conclusion, rigid bronchoscopy could be applied to PTTS patients with acceptable efficacy and tolerable safety.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2015

An 18-year-old woman was evaluated for a chronic productive cough and dyspnea. She was subsequently diagnosed with mediastinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was implanted to relieve narrowing in for both main bronchi. The NHL went into complete remission after six chemotherapy cycles, but atelectasis developed in the left lower lobe 18 months after SEMS insertion. The left main bronchus was completely occluded by granulation tissue. However, the right main bronchus and intermedius bronchus were patent. Granulation tissue was observed adjacent to the SEMS. The granulation tissue and the SEMS were excised, and a silicone stent was successfully implanted using a rigid bronchoscope. SEMS is advantageous owing to its easy implantation, but there are considerable potential complications such as severe reactive granulation, stent rupture, and ventilation failure in serious cases. Therefore, SEMS should be avoided whenever possible in patients with benign airway disease. This case highlights that SEMS implantation should be avoided even in malignant airway obstruction cases if the underlying malignancy is curable.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권6호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical situations requiring rigid bronchoscopy and evaluate usefulness of rigid bronchoscopic intervention in benign or malignant airway disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from November 2007 to February 2011 at St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine. Results: Of the 29 patients, the most frequent underlying etiology was benign stenosis of trachea (n=20). Of those 20 patients, 16 had post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS), 2 had tracheal stenosis due to inhalation burn (IBTS) and other 2 had obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP). Other etiologies were airway malignancy (n=6), endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (n=2), and foreign body (n=1). For treatment, silicone stent insertion was done in 16 cases of PITS and IBTS and mechanical removal was performed in 2 cases of OFTP. In 6 cases of malignant airway obstruction mechanical debulking was performed and silicone stents were inserted additionally in 2 cases. Balloon dilatation and electrocautery were used in 2 cases of endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis. In all cases of stent, airway obstructive symptom improved immediately. Granulation tissue formation was the most common complication. Conclusion: Tracheal stenosis was most common indication and silicone stenting was most common procedure of rigid bronchoscopy in our center. Rigid bronchoscopic procedures, at least tracheal silicone stenting, should be included in pulmonary medicine fellowship programs because it is a very effective and indispensable method to relieve critical airway obstruction which needs training to learn.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

Purpose: Canalicular laceration is relatively common due to its exposed, vulnerable location in case of facial trauma. Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy has been the standard treatment for canalicular obstruction secondary to unrepaired canalicular laceration. In spite of a high rate of relieving tear-duct obstruction, this method is noted to be associated with low rate of patient satisfaction and a number of complications. The goal of this study is to report the good results of delayed lacrimal stent implantation with Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ for patients whose canaliculi were not repaired by initial surgery. Methods: From May of 2005 to February of 2007, four patients who underwent delayed lacrimal stent implantation using Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ in canalicular laceration were retrospectively reviewed. First, the previous scar incision was made over the lower lid and we identified the cut end of proximal lacerated canaliculus. The Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ was passed through the punctum to the cut end of the proximal lacerated canaliculus. We identified the cut end of the distal lacerated canaliculus, whose cut end has rolled white edges after careful excision of the scarred lid tissue. We then passed Mini Monoka$^{(R)}$ through the lacerated inferior canaliculus. Using an operating microscope, we placed three interrupted sutures of 8-0 Ethilon to join the canalicular ends. Silicone stent was left in place for 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 48.5 years (range, 35 to 59 years). The time interval from initial trauma to delayed lacrimal stent implantation was between 3 and 31 days. Follow-up periods ranged from 12 and 20 months. Results: The results of reconstruction were classified into normal, fair and poor. Patent lacrimal drainage systems were achieved in three of the four cases. In one case, epiphora was encountered. No cases of stent displacement, conjunctivitis or granuloma formation were encountered. Conclusion: Even though canalicular reconstruction was delayed for a long time, attempting canalicular reconstruction would be acceptable before considering secondary operations like dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2005

연구배경 : 양성 기도협착질환 환자에서 새로 개발된 Natural 기도스텐트의 임상결과를 Dumon 스텐트와 비교하였다. 방 법 : 양성 기도협착으로 스텐트를 삽입한 94명의 환자 (39 Dumon, 55 Natural)를 대상으로 임상증상, 시술 전 검사결과, 시술방법, 그리고 추적관찰시의 임상경과를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과: 원인질환으로 기관지결핵 후 기도협착 (74%)이 가장 많았고, 기관삽관 후 기관협착 (20명), 기관절개술 후 기관협착 (2명)등이 있었다. 스텐트를 삽입한 후, 전체 94명의 환자 중 82명 (87%)에서 주관적으로 호흡곤란이개선되었고, Dumon 스텐트군(35/39, 90%)과 Natural 스텐트군 (47/55, 86%) 사이의 차이는 없었다. 모두 48명 (51%)에서 중앙값 14개월(범위6-37개월)후에 스텐트를 성공적으로 제거할 수 있었고, Dumon 스텐트군 (54%, 16개월 후) 과 Natural 스텐트군 (49%, 12개월 후)간의 차이는 없었다. 스텐트 삽입 후 부작용은 스텐트의 위치 변동이 45명 (48%)에서, 육아종 과형성이 41명 (44%)에서, 점액저류에 의한 스텐트 내경 50% 이상의 감소가 17명 (18%)에서, 그리고 스텐트 삽입 전후부위의 협착이 40명 (43%)에서 발생하였다. Dumon 과 Natural 스텐트를 삽입한 환자들 사이에서 부작용의 분포의 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 새로 개발한 Natural 기도스텐트는 양성기도협착 환자에서 기존의 Dumon 스텐트와 대등한 임상 결과를 보여주고 있어, 기도 협착이 있는 환자의 치료에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

대동맥류 질환에 사용되는 스텐트그라프트의 체외실험을 위한 대동맥류 혈류 팬텀의 유효성과 실현가능성에 대해 평가하고자 한다. 팬텀은 인체의 혈류 조건과 유사한 상황을 재현할 수 있도록 심장부분과 대동맥류 부분으로 구성되었다. 심장부분은 고압력 수중펌프와 솔레노이드 밸브를 사용하여 심장의 대동맥 혈류를 재현하였고, 대동맥류 부분은 지점토를 사용하여 동맥류 모양을 재현하고 그 틀을 투명 실리콘으로 틀을 떠내는 방법으로 제작하였다. 두부분은 실리콘 관으로 연결하였다. 제작된 팬텀에서 밸브의 개폐 시간에 따른 압력(수축기/이완기) 변화를 측정하였으며, 스텐트그라프삽입술 전, 후의 압력변화를 측정하였으며, 통계적 유의성을 알아보았다. 밸브의 개폐 시간에 따른 압력 변화는 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 0.5회/초의 개폐조건에서는 팬텀의 대동맥 근위부, 대동맥류, 원위부의 압력은 각각 $157.80{\pm}1.92/130.20{\pm}1.92$, $159.40{\pm}1.14/134.00{\pm}2.92$, $147.20{\pm}1.480/129.60{\pm}2.70\;mmHg$이었으며, 1.0회/초의 개폐 조건에서는 $161.40{\pm}1.34/90.20{\pm}1.64$, $175.00{\pm}1.58/93.00{\pm}1.58$, $176.80{\pm}1.48/90.80{\pm}1.92\;mmHg$이었고, 1.5회/초의 개폐 조건에서는 $159.40{\pm}1.82/127.20{\pm}1.48$, $166.60{\pm}1.67/138.00{\pm}1.87$, and $161.00{\pm}1.22/135.40{\pm}1.67\;mmHg$이었다. 스텐트그라프삽입술 전, 후의 팬텀의 압력변화는 대동맥부분에서 측정하였으며, 각각 $143.60{\pm}1.67/90.20{\pm}1.64$, $47.20{\pm}1.92/84.60{\pm}1.82$, and $137.40{\pm}1.52/88.80{\pm}1.64\;mmHg$이었다. 결론적으로, 대동맥류 팬텀은 압력의 범위를 다양하게 적용할 수 있고, 팬텀 내에서 시술의 재현이 가능하여 동물실험 전 스텐트그라프트의 유용성을 평가하기 위한 체외실험 기구로 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2017

조대술 및 감압술은 악골내 치성기원 낭종에 대한 치료법으로서 여러 문헌을 통해 그 효과가 확립되어 왔다. 특히, 소아치과 영역에서 병소 크기가 크거나 발육 중인 치배 등 중요 구조물을 포함한 경우 보존적인 치료로서 우선적 대안이 될 수 있다. 조대술 후에는 낭종의 개방성 유지를 위해 맞춤 제작 아크릴 폐쇄장치(obturator) 또는 공간유지장치, 실리콘 관, 비강 캐눌라 등의 감압 스텐트(decompression stent)를 사용하는데, 이는 주변 연조직 자극 및 환아의 불편감, 낭종 크기 감소에 따른 탈락 가능성 등 임상적 문제점을 지니며 환아 협조도 저하의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 증례들에서는 하악골 부위 영구 치배를 포함한 치성 낭종에 대하여 감압술시행시 16게이지 정맥 주사바늘을 활용한 금속관을 발치와를 통해 낭종 내부로 삽입하고 인접치에 레진으로 고정하는 최소 침습적 시술을 통해 환아의 양호한 협조하에 병소 제거 및 자발적 맹출을 유도하는 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀을 제작하고, 스텐트 삽입술을 시행하여 그 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀은 실리콘으로 제작하였으며, 기관을 통하여 스텐트 삽입술이 가능하도록 삽입구를 제작하였다. 팬텀은 지점토를 이용하여 인체와 동일한 형태로 기관, 기관지 분지부와 양쪽 상부 기관지를 재현하였고, 사각형의 틀에 지점토를 고정시킨 후 액상의 실리콘을 채워 건조시킨 후 지점토를 제거하여 제작하였다. 인체, 동물, 팬텀에서 기관지스텐트 삽입 후 흉부 촬영 필름의 농도와 기관지 분지부의 각도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 기관지스텐트는 세선의 교차가 다른 2가지(X-type, Y-type) 형태를 삽입하였으며, 스텐트 삽입술 후 기관 상부, 기관 분지부, 좌기관지, 우기관지, 스텐트 삽입부의 필름농도를 측정하였다. 필름농도는 기관 상부의 경우, 인체 0.76(${\pm}0.011$), 동물 0.97(${\pm}0.015$), 팬텀 0.45(${\pm}0.016$)이었고, 기관 분지부의 경우는 인체 0.51(${\pm}0.006$), 동물 0.65(${\pm}0.005$), 팬텀 0.65(${\pm}0.008$)이었고, 우기관지의 경우는 인체 0.14(${\pm}0.008$), 동물 0.59(${\pm}0.014$), 팬텀 0.04(${\pm}0.007$)이었고, 좌기관지의 경우는 인체 0.54(${\pm}0.004$), 동물 0.54(${\pm}0.008$)로 팬텀 0.08(${\pm}0.008$)이었고, 스텐트 삽입부의 경우는 인체 0.54(${\pm}0.004$), 동물 0.59(${\pm}0.011$), 팬텀 0.04(${\pm}0.007$)이었다. 기관 분지부가 이루는 각도는 인체의 좌기관지에서 $42.6({\pm}2.07)^{\circ}$, 우기관지에서 $32.8({\pm}2.77)^{\circ}$이었으며, 동물에서 각각 $43.4({\pm}2.40)^{\circ},\;34.6({\pm}1.94)^{\circ}$, 팬텀에서 각각 $35({\pm}2.00)^{\circ},\;50.2({\pm}1.30)^{\circ}$이었다. 본 연구팀이 제작한 기관-기관지 팬텀은 기관지 스텐트 삽입술의 재현이 가능하여 중재시술의 술기연습용이나 스텐트를 평가하기 위한 체외실험에 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.