• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1591-1596
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• 2006

Acaricidal effects of materials derived from Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were assessed and compared with those evidenced by commercial benzyl benzoate and DEET. The observed responses varied according to dosage and mite species. The $LD_{50}$ values of the methanol extracts derived from C. sappan heartwoods were 6.13 and $5.44{\mu}g/cm^3$ against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction derived from the methanol extract was approximately 8.71 more toxic than DEET against D. farinae, and 4.73 times more toxic against D. pteronyssinus. The biologically active constituent from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. sappan heartwood extract was purified via silica gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the acaricidal component was analyzed by $GC-MS,\;^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;^1H-^{13}C\;COSY-NMR$, and DEPT-NMR spectroscopy, and identified as juglone (5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone). Based on the $LD_{50}$ values of juglone and its derivatives, the most toxic compound against D. farinae was juglone ($0.076{\mu}g/cm^3$), followed by benzyl benzoate ($9.143{\mu}g/cm^3$) and 2methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone ($40.0{\mu}g/cm^3$). These results indicate that the acaricidal activity of C. sappan heartwoods is likely to be the result of the effects of juglone. Additionally, juglone treatment was shown to effect a change in the color of the cuticles of house dust mites, from colorless-transparent to dark brownish-black. Accordingly, as a naturally occurring acaricidal agent, C. sappan heartwood-derived juglone should prove to be quite 'useful as a potential control agent, lead compound, and house dust mite indicator.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1995

For the development of new antitumor antibiotics produced by microorganisms, Streptomyces sp. YBE-316 was isolated from soil. The productivity of the antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. YBE-316 gradually increased after 60 hours, and was maximum after 100 hours after inoculation in growth medium (2.0% sucrose, 1.0% soybean meal, 0.1% K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, pH 7.0) at 30$\circ$C, 150 rpm, 5 NL/min by 30 l jar fermentor. This antitumor antibiotic was present only in mycelium, and stable in pH 5.0-10.0 for 20 minutes at 100$\circ$C. Antitumor and antibiotic activities were maintained at neutral pH, and heat stability was low. This antitumor antibiotic was soluble in methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane. This antitumor antibiotic was sequentially purified by acetone extraction from mycelium, butanol extraction, and silica gel column chromatography. Antitumor activity was low against most tested cell lines, but antibiotic activity was high and low against yeasts and bacteria, respectivelv. The visualization test showed that this antitumor antibiotic had higher hydroxyl, ketone, amino, carboxyl groups, and sugar(s) in its structure. Instrumental analyses showed that this antitumor antibiotic was a pentaene in polyene class antibiotics. In pentaene class antibiotics, this was considered as an eurocidin or capacidin type antibiotics. The molecular weight of this antitumor antibiotic was higher than 683.0 daltons, and this antitumor antibiotic might be glycosylated by other sugar(s), instead of mycosamine or perosamine, an amino sugar.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2013

Aramid fibers are being used increasingly in a wide range of application due to low density, high specific strength, high modulus, and high thermal resistance. But owing to its special physical and chemical structures, it is sensitive to absorb the ultraviolet light which will degrade the fiber's useful mechanical properties and structure. In this paper, the sol-gel technique was used to improve the photo-stability of p-aramid fibers. $TiO_2$, modified $SiO_2$/$TiO_2$ sol were used as coating solutions. The influence of the such coatings on the photo-stability of p-aramid fiber was investigated by an accelerated photo-ageing method using xenon lamp. The photo-stability of p-aramid fiber showed obvious improvement after the modified silica binding coating. But the amorphous $TiO_2$ sol coatings showed a negative effect. After 144h light exposure, the modified silane binder-coated fibers showed less degradation in mechanical properties with the retained tensile strength greater than about 70% of the original value.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 이온성 폴리머-금속 복합재료 (IPMC) 작동기를 사용한 플랩 밸브 마이크로 펌프의 설계, 제작 및 실험적 특성 규명을 수행하였다. 나피온/실리케이트 층과 나피온/실리카 나노복합재료를 기반으로 한 다층형 IPMC를 마이크로 펌프의 작동층으로 사용하였다. 마이크로 펌프의 핵심 요소인 IPMC 다이아프램의 주위를 유연한 폴리디메틸실옥산(PDMS)을 사용하여 지지하도록 함으로써 상당히 큰 작동 변위를 내도록 설계하였다. 이렇게 개발된 마이크로 펌프의 크기는 $20{\times}20{\times}5$ ${mm}^3$ 이고, 최대 유량은 760 l/min, 최대 배압은 1.5 kPa이었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 마이크로 펌프는 간단하고 효율적인 설계를 수행하여 제작이 용이할 뿐 아니라, 동작 전압이 1-3V라는 장점이 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2014

The anti-melanogenic substance was isolated from the root of Angelica gigas Nakai by silica gel column chromatography, preparative HPLC and TLC. As a result of the structure analysis by mass, $^1H$-NMR, and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrometry, the compound was identified as demethylsuberosin. Demethylsuberosin reduced melanin contents of B16F1 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased to about 74% at a concentration $5{\mu}g/ml$. Demethylsuberosin inhibited the expression in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) in melanocytes. These results suggest that the whitening activity of demethylsuberosin may be due to the inhibition of the melanin synthesis by down-regulation of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression. Thus, our results provide evidence that demethylsuberosin might be useful as a potential skin-whitening agent.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 추계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.196-199
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• 2011

In this study we synthesized mesoporous carbon supported CuO by using mesoporous silica i.e. SBA-15 as the template and cupric nitrate trihydrate ($Cu(NO_3)_23H_2O$)as copper source. The porous CuO was characterized with XRD, TGA, SEM and BET. The result reveals porous CuO has good crystal structure with uniform size of spherical crystal particles. The surface are a ($S_{BET}$) of porous CuO was found to be $153.46m^2g^{-1}$ with a total pore volume ($V_p$)of$0.1516cm^3g^{-1}$ and average pore size of 3.9 nm which was much higher than that of commercial CuO ($S_{BET}$, $7.6m^2g^{-1}$; $V_p$, $0.01cm^3g^{-1}$). The obtained porous CuO was studied for adsorption of $CO_2$and the maximum $CO_2$ adsorption capacity was found to be 67.5 mg/g of the sorbent at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2021

The time-history finite element analysis is usually used to evaluate the seismic response of shallow foundations. However, the literature lacks studies on the influence of the soil constitutive model complexity on the seismic response of shallow foundations. This study, thus, aims to fill this gap by investigating the seismic response of shallow foundation resting on dry silica sand using the linear elastic (LE) model, elastic-perfectly-plastic (EPP) model, and hardening soil with small strain stiffness (HS small) model. These models have been used because it is intended to compare the results of a soil constitutive model that accurately captures the seismic response of the soil-structure interaction problems (which is the HS small model) with simpler models (the LE and EPP models) that are routinely used by practitioners in geotechnical designs. The results showed that the LE model produces a very small seismic settlement value which is approximately equal to zero. The EPP model predicts a seismic settlement higher than that produced using the HS small model for earthquakes with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) lower than 0.25 g for a relative density of 45% and 0.40 g for a relative density of 70%. However, the HS small model predicts a seismic settlement higher than the EPP model beyond the aforementioned PGA values with the difference between both models increases as the PGA rises. The results also showed that the LE and EPP models predict similar trend and magnitude of the acceleration-time relationship directly below the foundation, which was different than that predicted using the HS small model. The results reported in this paper provide a useful benchmark for future numerical studies on the response of shallow foundations subjected to seismic shake.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2021

이 연구에서 우리는 3차원 계층적 나노구조화된 유/무기 복합 표면을 가진 소수성 코팅/필름을 제조하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 근접장 나노패터닝(PnP)이라 불리는 첨단 포토리소그래피 기술을 통해 에폭시 기반의 대면적 3차원 정렬 나노다공성 템플릿을 준비하였다. 이후, 딥 코팅을 통해 평균 직경이 22 nm인 실리카 나노입자를 템플릿에 조밀하게 함침시켜 계층적 구조화된 표면을 구현하였다. 표면에 공존하는 마이크로 및 나노 스케일 거칠기로 인해, 제조된 복합 필름은 대조군에 비해 물에 대한 높은 접촉각(>137도)을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 개발된 소재 및 공정은 전통적인 코팅/필름 분야에서 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 6호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

This paper examined the impact of the cross-sectional structure on the structural results under different loading conditions of reinforced concrete (RC) members' management limited in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). The mechanical properties of CFRC was investigated, then, totally 32 samples were examined. Test parameters included the cross-sectional shape as square, rectangular and circular with two various aspect rates and loading statues. The loading involved concentrated loading, eccentric loading with a ratio of 0.46 to 0.6 and pure bending. The results of the test revealed that the CFRP increased ductility and load during concentrated processing. A cross sectional shape from 23 to 44 percent was increased in load capacity and from 250 to 350 percent increase in axial deformation in rectangular and circular sections respectively, affecting greatly the accomplishment of load capacity and ductility of the concentrated members. Two Artificial Intelligence Models as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were used to estimating the tensile and flexural strength of specimen. On the basis of the performance from RMSE and RSQR, C-Shape CFRC was greater tensile and flexural strength than any other FRP composite design. Because of the mechanical anchorage into the matrix, C-shaped CFRCC was noted to have greater fiber-matrix interfacial adhesive strength. However, with the increase of the aspect ratio and fiber volume fraction, the compressive strength of CFRCC was reduced. This possibly was due to the fact that during the blending of each fiber, the volume of air input was increased. In addition, by adding silica fumed to composites, the tensile and flexural strength of CFRCC is greatly improved.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 표면처리된 Cu 리드프레임과 에폭시 컴포지트의 접착강도를 향상시키기 위하여 신규 고분자 접착증진제인 poly(itaconic acid-co-acrylamide) (IAcAAM)를 합성하였다. 이타콘산과 아크릴아마이드를 포함하는 IAcAAM은 라디칼 수성 중합을 통해 제조되었다. IAcAAM의 구조 및 물성은 FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, GPC 및 DSC로 분석하였다. Cu 리드프레임의 표면은 고온, 알칼리, UV 오존으로 처리하였다. 표면처리 후 Cu 리드프레임의 접촉각이 감소함에 따라 Cu 리드프레임/에폭시 컴포지트의 접착강도는 증가하였다. 에폭시 혼합물에 IAcAAM을 첨가함에 따라 Cu 리드프레임/에폭시 컴포지트의 접착강도가 증가하였다. 또한, 에폭시 혼합물에 실리카 함량이 증가할수록 Cu 리드 프레임과 에폭시 컴포지트의 접착강도는 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.