• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 1996

Dryfilm method by using 3M Petrifilm$^{TM}$ has been examined to replace conventional agar method for isolation of microorganisms from foods. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate suitability of dryfilm method as a microbial isolation method and to determine the effect of antimicrobial agent on dryfilm for isolation of microorganisms from foods. Five different foods, milk, ground beef, fishery surimi, Takju and wheat flour were used to isolate the natural microflora in foods and the inoculated Escheri chia coli. Standard method agar (SMA, Difco) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ aerobic count (PAC, 3M) were used to isolate total microorganisms from foods. Violet red bile agar (VRBA), brilliant green lactose bile (BGLB) broth and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ coliform count (PCC, 3M) were used to isolate coliforms from foods. E. coli broth (EC broth) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ E. coli count (PEC, 3M) were used to isolate E. coli from foods. Acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ yeast & mold count (PYMC, 3M) were used to isolate yeasts and molds from foods. Total aerobic plate counts isolated from five different foods by SMA and PAC (3M) were riot significantly different each other at P<0.05 level and were highly correlated each other ($\geq$0.96). Mugwort extract as an antimicrobial agent did not affect microbial enumeratiion of Dryfilm. Significantly higher number of coliform colonies were formed on VRBA than PCC (3M) from ground beef, but they were not significantly different in coliform colonies from milk samples. PCC (3M) and BGLB were not significantly different for enumeration of coliforms in milk and beef samples. Significantly higher number of E. coli were isolated by EC broth than PEC from ground beef, but these were not significontly different for enumeration of E. coli from milk. Yeast and mold counts isolated from Takju and wheat flour by APDA and PYMC (3M) were not significantly different at P<0.05 level. These data indicate that dryfilm method by using 3M Petrifilm$^{TM}$ can be successively used as an alternative to conventional agar method for enumeration of microorganisms in various foods.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

The effects of pressure cooker brand awareness, in terms of rice cooking performance, were evaluated using consumer acceptability tests. A blind test was performed using rice samples cooked by 3 different pressure cookers without any brand information, and a brand awareness test followed with the same informed consumer panel. Overall acceptability, glossiness, stickiness, hardness, flavor, and color were evaluated and compared to determine whether or not there were changes on consumer choice for acceptability. Brand A and brand B were not significantly different in their overall acceptability, moisture content, flavor, or color (p > 0.05), but they were significantly different for glossiness, stickiness, and hardness. Brands A and C were significantly different for all the attributes (p < 0.05). In the brand awareness test, brands A and B were not significantly different in their liking scores for all the attributes (p > 0.05). Brand C had significantly lower liking scores for overall acceptability, glossiness, stickiness, hardness, and moisture content than the other brands (p < 0.05). When comparing the liking scores for all the attributes with those of the blind test, the scores of the brand awareness test were slightly higher. For brand A, there were changes in its liking scores for overall acceptability, flavor, and glossiness (p < 0.05). However, brands B and C had brand awareness effects for all the attributes (p < 0.05).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of demographics and general clothing buying behavior of college male students in China. A questionnaire was developed to measure clothing purchasing motives, fashion information sources, evaluation criteria of apparel product, stores selection criteria, and general clothing buying behavior. The questionnaire was administered to 300 college male students in Dandong of China. The data was analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, and ANOVA, duncan test. The results of the study were as fellows: 1. The clothing purchasing motives of consumers were significantly different depending on demographics. 2. The fashion information sources of consumers were significantly different depending on subjects, pocket money, and level of life. 3. The evaluation criteria of apparel product of consumers were significantly different depending on parent's jobs. 4. The stores selection criteria of consumers were significantly different depending on parent's school career, mother's jobs, household income. 5. Apparel buying places of consumers were in order of ; department stores, speciality stores, natural market. The buying frequency of apparel showed the most three times a year. The consumers were influenced by friends for apparel purchasing, and the method of payment mainly cash. 6. About purchase experience of the imported clothing, the 67% consumers answered 'yes', and the country of origin of the imported clothing were in order of ; Japan, Italy, France, Korea. The imported clothing satisfaction level of consumers were significantly different depending on demographics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Purpose: This examined the effect of Kinesio taping pre-intervention on the pain, tenderness, proprioceptive sensation, and muscle strength associated with delayed onset muscle soreness. Methods: Thirty subjects were divided into a Kinesio taping application group of 15 subjects and a control non-taped group of 15 subjects, and the changes in individual variables were analyzed before taping and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after taping using two-way repeated ANOVA. Post-hoc t-tests were conducted in the cases with intergroup interactions, and the significance level ${\alpha}$ was set to ${\alpha}=0.01$. Results: The changes in pain during rest were significantly different only for the times, while the changes in pain during exercise were significantly different for the times, interactions between the times and groups, and intergroup changes (p<0.05). The changes in tenderness were significantly different for the times and for interactions between the times and groups (p<0.05). The changes in proprioceptive sensation were significantly different for the times, interactions between times and groups, and intergroup changes (p<0.05). The changes in muscle strength were significantly different only for the times (p<0.05). Conclusion: The application of Kinesio taping had positive effects on the pain, tenderness, and proprioceptive sensation of delayed onset muscle soreness. These results suggest that Kinesio taping can be a useful therapeutic factor in future studies and in clinical settings.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of voluntary activity or midterm examination on self-esteem, health-promoting lifestyle, immunoglobulin in Nursing college student. Voluntary activity provides positive emotion(higher score of self-esteem) and midterm examination provides high level stress to students. Emotion and stress affect immune system. Seventy-five and seventy-eight subjects were assigned to voluntary activity and midterm examination group. In analyzing data, paired and unpaired t-tests and ANCOVA were used. The results were as following : 1.1 Self-esteem of after-voluntary activity was increased significantly than before-voluntary activity. 1.2 Health-promoting lifestyle of after-voluntary activity was not increased significantly than before- voluntary activity. 1.3 Immunoglobulin of after-voluntary activity was not increased significantly than before-voluntary activity. 2.1 Self-esteem of after-midterm examination was not decreased significantly than before-midterm examination. 2.2 Health-promoting lifestyle of after-midterm examination was decreased significantly .than before-midterm examination. 2.3 Immunoglobulin of after-midterm examination was not decreased significantly than before-midterm examination. 3.1 Self-esteem of voluntary activity group and midterm examination group was not different significantly. 3.2 Health-promoting lifestyle of voluntary activity group and midterm examination group was different significantly. 3.3 Immunoglobulin of voluntary activity group and midterm examination group was not different significantly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1995

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of cereal fiber on lipid concentration of liver and serum in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180$\pm$4g were divided into five groups by completely randomized block design : R, BR, B, W, and F. Each group fed a diet containing 0.7% cholesterol and a kind of cereal among rice(R), brown rice(BR), barley(B), whole wheat(W), and wheat flour(F) for 5 weeks. The results were summarized as follow : 1) Food intake. weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the groups. 2) Fecal wet weight and dry weight were significantly higher in W group which fed the most amount of IDF(insoluble dietary fiber). 3) The weight of large intestine was significantly heavier in the W group compared to the others. But the weights of liver, stomach and small intestine were not significantly different among the groups. 4) Total lipid. triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) content in liver were significantly different among the groups. The values were the lowest in the B group whose intake of SDF(soluble dietary fiber) was the highest 5) TC content in serum was not significantly different among the groups. TG content in serum was significantly lower in the rest groups than in the R group. HDL-c and free-c content in serum were significantly higher in the B group than in the rest groups. HDL-c/LDL-c, free-c/ester-c ratio were the highest in the B group but not significant. Above results show that the dietary fiber contained in cereals has physiological effects and they are different depending on fractions, IDF and SDF.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1985

This study intended to investigate the volume of respiration according to the postoperative time and positions among the upper abdominal surgery patients. Tidal volume and vital capacity were measured in three positions-supine, left lateral and sitting position-at preoperatively, 12 hours postoperatively and 36 hours postoperatively. Thirteen male and seven female patients who were admitted for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were the subjects of the study. Those patients with cardiopulmonary problems, obesity and smoking habit were excluded from the study. The study was conducted from March 15 to June 30, 1985 in Seoul National University Hospital. Tidal volume and vital capacity were measured by Wright spirometer in various positions at preoperatively, 12 hours postoperatively and 36 hours postoperatively. The results were as following: 1) Vital capacity was significantly decreased at 12 hours preperatively and 36 hours postoperatively than preoperatively. Vital capacity was not significantly different in Various positions, but sitting position revealed better than left lateral and supine position. Tidal volume was not significantly different in each position. 2) Male patients showed significantly higher than female patients in tidal volume and vital capacity. Vital Capacity was not significantly different by sex in each position, but vital capacity was higher in sitting position than in lateral and supire position. 3) There was not significantly different in tidal volume and vital capacity according to the type of incision and positions, vital capacity was higher in sitting positionthan in left lateral and supine position.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to describe and compare pint moments according to 6 types of gait methods during free speed. 15 volunteers(7 male, 8 female: mean age = 23.33 yrs.) participated and performed 6 types of gait methods. From the 3 types of pint moments of lower extremities(hip, knee, ankle and foot), the following results were made: 1. In left hip pint, the flexion-extension moment was not significantly different, but the adduction-abduction moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. 2. In left knee pint, the flexion-extension moment was not significantly different, but the varus-valgus moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. 3. In left ankle and foot the dorsiflexion-plantarflexion moment was not significantly different but the varus-valgus moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. In conclusion, because weight loading gait with 10-20% of body weight were normal gait patterns, It was inferred that all weight loading gaits did not indicate noxious reactions of human body.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.542-551
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patient's satisfaction on hospital foods according to their age. The subjects were selected among the patients treated in the Eulgi University hospital during May of 2003. Two hundred twenty one patients (110 men, 101 women) were surveyed through questionnaires in terms of satisfaction on hospital foods and the food preference. The data were statistically analysed using $\chi$$^2$-test and their correlation. Satisfaction on general taste(p<0.05) and variety of hospital foods (p<0.05) were significantly different according to age. However, saltiness and serving temperature of hospital foods were significantly different according to sex(p<0.05). The preference of cooking method for meat, fist vegetable and the preferred kinds of Kimchi(p<0.05) and milk & milk products(p<0.05) were significantly different according to age.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.247-254
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• 2004

Objective: Effects of keumengja extracts on the blood picture in rat were determined. Results: Values of RBC, PCV and Hb showed a high in keumenja groups, however the values of PCV and Hb showed no significantly different in keumenja groups. Counts of WBC showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. In the composition of WBC neutrophils showed a tendance to decrease in keumengja groups, however these values showed no significantly different. Lymphocytes showed a high portion in keumengja groups and this portion showed a tendance to increase to increased concentration of keumengja. The portion of monocytes and basophils showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. Eosinophils showed a tendance to decrease in keumengja groups.