• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.209-223
• /
• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods: Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following: demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results: A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients' decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions: COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients' increasing pain.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.38-49
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive function in NIDDM patients. Method: The data were collected at MI OPD in C University hospital. with Digit Span Forward & Backward, Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B, and MMSE. Result: There were significant differences in DF, DB, TMT-A, and TMT-B according to gender, and in TMT-A according to living with spouse and comorbidity. There were significant differences in DF, DB, TMT-A, TMT-B, and MMSE according to monthly income, and in DF, TMT-A, and TMT-B according to hypertensive state. But, there was no difference in cognitive function score according to diabetes-related complication and diabetes treatment modality. There was a significant positive correlation between duration of NIDDM and TMT-A(r=.215, p=.025). The global cognition score was explained 42.1% of varient by age, duration of education, monthly income, and hypertensive state. Conclusion: As above results showed, among age, duration of education, monthly income, and hypertensive state, prevented and managed hypertensive state which is modifiable factor may reduce or delay cognitive function impairment in NIDDM patients. And DF & DB, TMT-A & B could be more utilized as useful cognitive function measurements because those tests reflected cognitive function in NIDDM patients better than MMSE.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.157-180
• /
• 2018

This paper empirically analyzes how working conditions of employees and executives affect Korean companies' survival. To this end, a survival analysis based on the accelerated failure time model is conducted from the end of December 2012 to the end of September 2018 on the 2012 year-end financial data for corporations whose common stocks have ever been listed either in the KOSPI market or in the KOSDAQ market with fiscal year ending at the end of December. The analysis shows that the average wage level per employee and the number of executives relative to the number of employees threaten while the average duration of service for female employees prolongs firm survival. Here, the average wage level per employee has turned out to worsen firm survivability regardless of the gender of employees in question while the average duration of service improves firm survivability only in case the employees are female: the average duration of service for male employees or the entire employees has turned out not to have any statistically significant influence on firm survival. The average compensation per executive and the percentage of temporary employees have turned out not to have any statistically significant influence on firm survival while the percentage of female employees has shown statistically significant positive influence on firm survival in some, although not all, models employed in our study. These results are expected to be a good reference in the course of our reaching agreements regarding the improvement of working conditions either between firms and employees or among the members of the entire society.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.75-99
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study aims to explore ways to empirically analyze and manage childcare teachers' job stress based on their relationship with stress-related physiological indicators measured by a fitness tracker. Methods: The study participants were 27 childcare teachers in Gyeonggi-do and wore Garmin's wearable fitness tracker Vivosmart 4 for 15 days for three months. The collected information was analyzed for mean, SD, ANOVA, and correlation using JAMOVI 2.00. Results: First, among the daily changes of physiological indicators measured by a fitness tracker, the data collected on Mondays were significant. On Mondays, the stress index was high, the duration of the rest period was short, and the sleep time was short. The stress of childcare teachers showed a significant negative relationship with the body battery which was calculated by considering the duration of the rest period, heart rate variability, stress, and activity level. Also, the duration of deep sleep was positively correlated with a low degree of stress. There was a significant relationship between the childcare teachers' psychological indicators and the biomarkers measured by fitness trackers. Conclusion/Implications: Stress research using a fitness tracker is big data, and in-depth analysis is possible. Fitness trackers can collect and utilize repeated measurement data for each individual childcare teacher.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.112-121
• /
• 2007

Grain filling is a crucial factor that determines grain yield in crops since it is the final process directly associated with crops' yield performance. Grain filling process can be characterized by the interaction of rate and duration of grain filling. This study was conducted, using 16 temperate japonica rice genotypes, with aims to (1) seek variations in grain filling duration and rate on area basis, (2) compare the contribution of grain filling duration and rate to grain yield, and (3) examine the influence of temperature and solar radiation for effective grain filling on grain yield in relation to grain filling duration and rate. Grain filling rate and duration exhibited highly significant variations in the ranges of $20.7{\sim}46.3\;g\;m^{-2}d^{-1}\;and\;11.2{\sim}35.5$ days, respectively, depending on rice genotypes. Grain yield on unit area basis was associated positively with grain filling duration but negatively with grain filling rate. Grain filling rate and duration were negatively correlated with each other. Final grain weight increased linearly with the rise in both cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling. Higher cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling were the results of longer grain filling duration, but not necessarily higher daily mean temperature and daily solar radiation for effective grain filling. Grain filling rate demonstrated an increasing tendency with the rise in daily mean temperature for effective grain filling but their relationship was not obviously clear. It was concluded that grain filling duration, which influenced cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling, was the main factor that determined grain yield on unit area basis in temperate Japonica rice.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제59권3호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation among age, symptoms and initial medication (IM), and the tolerance duration of IM in Korean people with Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied 60 patients with untreated early PD who were initially diagnosed in our hospital between Jun 2006 and Sep 2014. We collected data on sex, age at diagnosis, symptom duration until diagnosis, main motor symptoms, frequency and duration of IM through electronic medical records. We divided patients into groups depending on the number of drugs (MONO/COMBI) and whether to contain dopaminergic property (DOPA/NDOPA). We analyzed the correlation between age and symptoms in each two groups and calculated the mean tolerance duration of IM in each of the groups. The mean symptom duration until diagnosis was 12.2 months. The most frequent drug was levodopa formulations (80%) compared to dopamine agonists (58.3%). The number of patients in the COMBI group (63.3%) was more than that in the MONO group (36.7%). Half of the patients in the COMBI group were taking LDF+DA (50%). Except for tremor, no other symptom showed a significant correlation between with IM. The mean tolerance duration of IM was within 200 days. The mean duration for COMBI group (342.7 days) was longer than that for MONO group (209.8 days). Among regimens, the mean tolerance duration of DOPA group (293.3 days) was longer than for NDOPA group (251.4 days). There was no difference in survival curves between any of the two groups. We found that patients experienced symptoms for over a year in Korea. This indicates that diagnosis time is faster than reported in other previous studies. The longest tolerance duration among IM was for dopaminergic combination therapy. More research is needed to design the most appropriate treatment for PD in Korean patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2009

Objectives : We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), in Korean children. Methods : We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data collected on 3,639 boys and girls (aged 7-12) in Daegu, Korea. The data included each child's age, sex, weight, height, extracurricular activities, bedtime, wake-up time, sleep latency, total sleep duration, parents' occupations, and parents' educational levels. The relationship between sleep duration and each variable was examined via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results : The analysis showed an association between short sleep duration and high BMI. Boys showed a graded inverse relationship between sleep duration and BMI. However, there was no significant corresponding result for girls. In the total sample, hours of computer use, time when the computer was turned off, time when the television was turned off, mother's bedtime, and hours of extracurricular activity were associated with longer sleep duration. No association was found between sleep duration and hours of watching television, child's wake-up time, or educational level of the parents. Conclusion : The results of this study show an inverse relationship between a child's sleep duration and BMI；thus, children with shorter sleep duration tend to have higher BMIs.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Galactose is metabolized to galactose-1-phosphate by galactokinase (GALK), galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) and UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE), and galactosemia occurs when each enzyme is deficient. In Korea, unlike foreign countries, classic galactosemia is rare and transient galactosemia due to GALK hyperactivity is reported, but studies on frequency, clinical significance, and genetic variation are lacking. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with galactosemia due to GALK hyperactivity. Methods: We investigated 85 patients who had an elevated galactose level in the neonatal screening test without deficiency of enzymes at Department of Pediatrics, Seoul & Bucheon Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 2008 to June 2016. We investigated the level of galactose, galactose-1-phosphate, GALK and duration of galactose normalization, and analyzed the correlation between GALK elevation and galactose, galactose-1-phosphate and duration of galactose normalization. And the levels of galactose, galactose-1-phosphate, and duration of galactose normalization were compared between the galactose-free formula feeding group and non-feeding group. Results: Mean age of visit was $26.7{\pm}16.1days$. Duration of galactose normalization was $35.3{\pm}20.5days$. Mean galactose level was $18.5{\pm}7.3mg/dL$ in the neonatal screening and follow-up galactose level in serum was $2.3{\pm}5.4mg/dL$. The mean value of galactose-1-phosphate was $6.0{\pm}4.7mg/dL$ and the mean GALK level was $3.84{\pm}1.28{\mu}mol/Hr/gHb$. There was no significant correlation between GALK levels and galactose levels in the neonatal screening test (P=0.351), and we analyzed the correlation between GALK levels and follow-up galactose levels in serum, there was no significant correlation (P=0.101). There was a significant correlation between GALK levels and galactose-1-phosphate (P=0.015), and the correlation between GALK levels and duration of galactose normalization was not statistically significant (P=0.176). 49% of the patients were fed galactose-free formula, and 45% were not. Galactose and galactose-1-phosphate levels in the neonatal screening test were statistically significantly higher (P=0.004, 0.034) in using galactose-free formula group. Duration of galactose normalization was not related to the use of galactose-free formula (P=0.266, 0.249). Conclusion: Galactosemia due to GALK hyperactivity seems to be a temporary phenomenon and may not require galactose restriction. More research is needed on the role of the nuclear protein, racial traits and genetic variations in Korean patients.