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MR Imaging Findings of Uterine Cervical Adenocarcinoma (자궁경부 선암종의 자기공명영상 소견)

  • 김종철
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : Because adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix have lower 5-year survival rate than squamous cell carcinomas due to early lymph node metastasis and local extension, scrutiny of lymph node metastasis and local extension by radiologic examination is necessary in case of clinically diagnosed or suspected adenocarcinomas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there are specific findings of these tumors, compared with squamous cell carcinomas, through the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. Materials and Methods : Of 21 pathologically proven cervical adenocarcinomas, MR imaging findings of 18 tumors (histologic staging : two Ib, four IIa, two IIb, one IIIa, and one IIIb) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 40 wquamous cell carcinoma in consecutive patients as a control group. T1-wetighted and fast spin echo T2-weighted images were obtained on the axial and sagittal planes, using a 1.5-T MR scanner. The largest diameter, location, signal intensity and degree of contrast enhancement contour, shape and longitudinal extent of the tumor and associated findings on MR image were analyzed. Results : The largest diameters of cervical adenocarcinomas ranged from 0.8 to 4.1 cm(mean, 2.2 cm). Of 18 adenocarcinomas, nine were of endocervical type. All adenocarcinomas were isointense to surrounding cervical stroma on T1-weighted images and hyperintense(homogeneous in ten, inhomogeneous in eight) on fast spin echo T2-weighted images. Adenocarcinomas enhanced on contrast study in all patients (homogeneous in six, inhomogeneous in 12 with hyperintese enhnacing rim in two). Eight adenocarcinomas had smooth contours and ten had irregular ones. The shape of adenocarcinoma was irregular in eight patients, barrel shape in six, papillary/polypod in three, and nodular in one. All adenocarcinomas involved lower half of the uterine cervix and six tumors extended up to the upper half. Pelvic lymph nodes of more than 1.5cm in diameter in two adenocarcinomas pateints and no detectable small pelvic lymph nodes on MR imaging in one patient were pathologically positive. Hydrometra was associated in two adenocarcinomas patients, and hematometra in one patient. Compared with squamous cell carcinomas, more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape in cervical adenocarcinomas were statistically significant. Conclusion : Cervical adenocarcinomas had more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape, compared with wquamous cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix may be suspected on MR imaging, when a cervical carcinoma is of barrel shape along the endocervical canal and tends to involve lymth nodes in earlier stages.

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Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Various Intracranial Diseases : Clinical Utility (다양한 두개강내 질환의 확산강조 자기공명영상 : 임상적 유용성)

  • 김영준
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.104-112
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : To evaluate the clinical utility of diffusion-weighted imaging by analyzing the signal intersity of lesions in patients with various intracranial diseases. Materials and Methods : difusion-weighted MR imaging was prospectively perormed in randomly selected 70 patients with various intracranial idseases. They consisted of 20 patients with acute infarct, 21 patients with chronic infarct of small vessel disease, 14 patients with primary intracranial tumor, three patients with brain metastasis, five patient with brain abscess, five patients with brain abscess, five patients with cerebral hemorrhage, one patient with neurocysticercosis, and one patient with epidermoid cyst. the diffusion-weighted images were obtained immediately after routine T2-weighted imaging on a 1.5T MR unit using single shot spin echo EPI technique with 6500 ms TR, 107ms TE, $128{\times}128$ matrix, 1 number of excitation, $24{\times}24$ field of view, 5-7 mm slice thickness, 2-3 mm inter-slice gap. The diffusion-gradients (b value of ($1000s{\;}/{\;}textrm{mm}^2$)) were applied along three directions(x, y, z). On visual inspection of diffusion-weighted images, the signal intersity of lesions was arbitrarily graded as one of 5 grades. In quantitative assessment, we measured the signal intensity of all the lesions and the contralateral corresponding normal area using round region of interest(ROI), and then calculated the signal intensity ratio of the lesion to the normal brain parenchyma. Results : On visual inspection, markedly hyperintense signals were seen in all cases of acute infarct, brain abscess, epidermoid cyst, and neurocysticercosis in degenerating stage. In all cases of cerebral hematoma, the very high signal internsity was intermingled with low signal intensity. focal very high signal intersity was also seen in a solid portion of the tumor in a patient. the mean signal intensity ratios of all those lesions to the normal brain parenchyma were above 2.5. Gliosis, solid component of brain tumor, brain metastasis, and vasogenic dedma appeared isointense to the normal brain parenchyma in 71%, 64%, 100%, and 67%, respectively ; the mean signal intensity ratios of those lesions to the normal brain parenchyma ranged 1.15 to 1.28 and there was no significant difference among these(p>0.1). Cystic cerebromalacia and necrotic or cystic portions in tumor were markedly or slightly hypointense, and the mean signal intensity ratios were 0.45 and 0.42, respectively. Conclusion : Very high signal intensity of acute infarct, brain abscess, epidermoid cyst, and cystic neurocysticercosis in degenerating stage on diffusion-weighted images may be helpful in differentiating from other diseases that are hypointense or isointense to the normal brain parenchyma. It may be especially useful differentiation of brain abscess from brain tumor with necrotic or cystic portion.

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Background Parenchymal Enhancement on Breast MRI in Breast Cancer Patients : Impact on Biopsy Rate and Cancer Yield (유방암 환자에서 시행한 유방 자기공명영상에서 배경 실질 조영 증강이 조직검사율과 악성률에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Tae Yun;Kim, Sung Hun;Baik, Jee Eun;Kim, Yun Joo;Kang, Bong Joo
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.224-231
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    • 2013
  • Purpose : To evaluate the potential effects of background parenchymal enhancement of MR imaging in diagnosed breast cancer patients on the rate of additional biopsy and resultant cancer yield. Materials and Methods: 322 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had undergone breast MR imaging were included in this study. Two radiologists reviewed the MRI for degree of background parenchymal enhancement and additional suspicious lesions described as BI-RADS category 4 or 5 on radiologic reports. Biopsy was done for these lesions, pathology reports were reviewed to calculate the cancer yield. Results: Background parenchymal enhancement of MR imaging in a total of 322 patients were classified as minimal degree 47.5%, mild degree 28.9%, moderate degree 12.4% and marked degree 11.2%. Among these 332 patients, MR imaging of 70 patients showed additional suspicious malignant lesions described as BI-RADS category 4 or 5, and consequently, 66 patients underwent biopsy. Biopsy rates in those with minimal or mild background parenchymal enhancement and those with moderate and marked background parenchymal enhancement were 19.9% and 22.3% (p-value 0.77) respectively. Cancer yields in those with minimal or mild background parenchymal enhancement and those with moderate and marked background parenchymal enhancement were 6.5% and 5.2% (p value 0.88) respectively. Both these results did not show stastically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The degree of background parenchymal enhancement in MR imaging of breast cancer patients did not significantly impact additional biopsy rates or cancer yields.

Processing and Quality Properties of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Cutlet (넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 커틀렛 제품의 제조 및 품질특성)

  • YOON, Moon-Joo;LEE, Jae-Dong;KWON, Soon-Jae;PARK, Si-Young;KONG, Cheong-Sik;JOO, Jong-Chan;KIM, Jeong-Gyun
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.625-633
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    • 2015
  • Olive flounder (Parlichthys olivaceus) is a large carnivorous fish that live at coastal area and shallow seas in Korea. It was good texture and clean taste because of a high collagen content and low lipid content. More than 70% of olive flounder annual production was traded alive, consequently processing food product from olive flounder is rare to be towed. This study was conducted to investigate the best method of olive flounder cutlet processing. Clean fillet (headless, skinless and contain no viscera part) of olive flounder were divided into 5 portion. Every 100 g of olive flounder meat was wrapped with vinyl then flatten with meat hammer. Flatten fillet then was coated with wheat flour, and seasoned with salt and pepper. These were then coated with egg wash and bread crumbs. Two different method of processing was to make this olive flounder cutlet. Cutlet-1 was fried for 1 min in olive oil, then kept in polyethylene film vacuum packaging ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. After 7 days the cutlet was thawed and heat up in microwave for 2 min (Sample-1). The other proup is cutlet-2, which is directly stored in polyethylene film vacuum packaging at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days then thawed and fried for 1 min in olive oil (Sample-2). The factors such as pH, TBA value, amino-N, free amino acid, chemical composition, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the olive flounder cutlet (Sample-1, Sample-2) were measured. From the result of sensory evaluation, Sample-2 showed a little high scores than Sample-1. But there was no significant differences in color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptance between Sample-1 and Sample-2 products.

Processing and Property of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Terrine (넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) Terrine 제품의 제조 및 품질특성)

  • YOON, Moon-Joo;LEE, Jae-Dong;PARK, Si-Young;KWON, Soon-Jae;PARK, Jin-Hyo;KANG, Kyung-Hun;CHOI, Jong-Duck;JOO, Jong-Chan;KIM, Jeong-Gyun
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.1084-1091
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    • 2015
  • Aquaculture of olive flounder started in the middle of 1980's and now farming has been taken place in many places along the coastal line in Korea. The taste of olive flounder has a good chewy texture because of high collagen content, low fat content, so it is popular for sliced raw fish. Olive flounder is popular among Koreans but the consumption pattern is uniformly so as to be used as sliced raw fish but not other ways. So, now there needs to develop high valued-processed food using olive flounder. This study was set to investigate the processing of terrine by using olive flounder, in which terrine is French style meat loaf that is well favored around the world. In this study, terrine was prepared by chopping olive flounder meat with 39 g egg white and 10 mL fresh cream (per 50 g fillet) and then seasoned with 5 mL lemon juice, 5 mL brandy, 0.05 g salt and 0.05 g pepper. The 25 g of dough was placed on a vinyl wrap, put with 2 g cheese, and layered an another 25 g dough, and then rolled up and wrapped by aluminium foil. Two different cooking methods were used for terrine processing in this study. Terrine-1 was cooked by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) after boiling for 5 min and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Terrine-2 was prepared by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. After 7 days, Terrine-1 was thawed and then heated up in microwave for 2 min (Sample-1), while Terrine-2 was thawed and then boiled in water for 5 min (Sample-2). Viable bacterial count, chemical composition, pH, salinity, hardness, TBA, free amino acid content, and sensory evaluation were measured for both Sample-1 and Sample-2. Especially, the scores of sensory evaluation of Sample-2 is slightly higher than that of Sample-1. On the other hand, there were no significant differences on color, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance between Sample-1 and Sample-2.

The development and current status regard to Sijo-chang時調唱 (시조창(時調唱)의 전개(展開)와 현황(現況))

  • Moon, Hyun
    • Sijohaknonchong
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    • v.42
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    • pp.29-68
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    • 2015
  • This article focused on the development and current status of Sijo-chang, the Korean classical vocal genre, which is the text as a fixed form of Korean classical poems. Historically, Sijo-chang has originally emerged from Hyangga鄕歌 during Silla period (BC. 57- AD. 935). However, the current Sijo-chang has been developed from the latter of Joseon朝鮮 period(AD. 1392-1910) in 1800s. Since 1800s, Sijo-chang derived from the Gyeong-je Pyeong sijo京制 平時調, which was established in Seoul, was able to accelerate its musical types and regional characteristics among the Korean peninsula. By setting a clear division of two time periods between 1800s and those periods since 1900s to today, this article mainly explains how Sijo-chang has been developed historically. First of all, in order to appraise the musical styles and characteristics of Sijo-chang in 1800s, comparing the current musical types of Sijo-chang and those printed old score books which has its historical musical characteristics during 1800s is necessary. Secondly, this paper concentrated on the transmitted lineages of representative vocalists among the regional-based Sijo-chang from 1900s to today. During those periods, the Sijo-chang has formed its particular regional-based musical characteristics among the Korean peninsula such as Yeong-je嶺制 of Gyeongsang province慶尙道, Naepo-je內浦制 of Chungcheong province忠淸道 and Wan-je完制 of Cheolla province全羅道. Although it was not a type of regional-based Sijo-chang, as a creation with reference based on certain regional types of Sijo-chang in 1960s, this paper introduced the inheritance process of Seogam-je石菴制 which was made by Jung Gyeong-tae鄭坰兌 named Seogam石菴 as his pen name. Since Seogam-je has been singing as the most influential musical types of Sijo-chang through the mainly southern region of Korean peninsula and even in Seoul, it was highly significant to research it. In addition, this paper elaborately highlighted the developments of various Sijo-chang based on its historical performances, studies, and the composed pieces from the early 1900s or the mid-1900s. In conclusion, in order to set a vigorous development of Sijo-chang, this paper raised several concerns among the future of Sijo-Chang and the significance of its traditional value.

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Distinctive Aspects of Sijo Discourse in 17th Century's Old Music Scores (17세기 고악보 소재 시조 담론의 특징적인 국면(局面))

  • Park, Sang-Young
    • Sijohaknonchong
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    • v.44
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    • pp.197-236
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study is to discover the distinctive aspects of Sijo in the 17th Century through five old music scores, "梁琴新譜Yangqeumsinbo", "白雲庵琴譜 baekwoonamgeumbo", "增補古琴譜jeungbogogeumbo", "延世大學校所藏琴譜geumbo in Yonsei University", "琴譜古geumbogo", which were compiled in this time period. First, four Sijo works are found from the "梁琴新譜Yangqeumsinbo" and one of them is noteworthy because it was sung as 中大葉Jungdaeyeop, 初中大葉 Chojungdaeyeop, 二中大葉Yijungdaeyeop and showed signs to fit the Sijo format type since the 17th century. In "白雲庵琴譜baekwoonamgeumbo", there are three Sijo works (one has recorded music scores and two don't) and one of them is discovered with last phrase being omitted. In "延世大學校所藏琴譜geumbo in Yonsei University", there are 9 Sijo works performed with 中大葉Jungdaeyeop. In "增補古琴譜 jeungbogogeumbo", there are three works performed with 數大葉Sakdaeyeop and one of them is noteworthy as a clue about the relations between Sijo and Goryeosokyo because it is a modified work which adapted the Goryeosokyo "Gasiri" according to the Sijo format. In 琴譜古geumbogo, there are three works with high possibility that repertoire with 中大葉Jungdaeyeop were already set up at this time. Based on these five music scores, it can be mentioned that a lot of Geumbos were compiled in 17th century, not for the purpose of enlightening discourse at the national level but for referencing for music lovers by themselves to memorize songs individually. It is also discovered that Sijo was performed with only 平調pyeong-jo out of 羽調woo-jo, 羽調界面調woojokyemyen-jo, 平調pyeong-jo, 平調界面調pyeongjokyemyun-jo in early 17th century, but it was performed with other three and 數大葉Sakdaeyeop as well after the mid-17th century. On the other hand, despite the change in the musical tunes, lyrics do not show a significant change at this time because it is estimated repertoire with specific piece of music was already formed in 17th Century. However, performing itself would give a certain impact on change and loss of lyrics because it tends to focus on communication and emotional connection between singers and audience. Clarifying characteristics in Sijo from old music scores is meaningful in that Sijo can be understood better not only as written poetry but also as oral poetry and overcome bias of previous researches which have been proceeded mainly on Sijo lyrics collection(歌集).

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Spermatozoa Characteristics of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rat: Acrosome Reaction and Spermatozoa Concentration (Streptozotocin으로 유발된 당뇨병성 Wistar Rat 정자의 첨체반응 및 수 변화 특성)

  • Cheon, Yong-Pil;Kim, Chung-Hoon;Kang, Byung-Moon;Chang, Yoon-Seok;Nam, Joo-Hyun;Kim, Young-Soo;Gye, Myung-Chan;Kim, Moon-Kyoo;Kim, Kil-Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 1999
  • Some of the information concerning sexual function in the male diabetes has been focused upon the problems of endocrine or semen parameters. However, the characteristics of acrosome reaction and spermatozoa concentration at the epididymis and vas deferens have scarcely been studied, and the causes of the infertility has not been critically identified. So, we designed to inspect the spermatozoa concentration and the characteristics of acrosome reaction at epididymis and vas deferens of diabetic Wistar rat induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg, ip). Experimental animal was sacrificed at 3 days and 14 days after the STZ injection. In the diabetes-induced rat, the levels of insulin and glucose had a pattern of inverse proportion. The spermatozoa concentrations in caput and corpus epididymis were significantly decreased in all diabetic condition. In cauda epididymis, however, there was significant decrease in sperm concentration at 14 days onward. In diabetic rat, the spontaneous reaction rate of spermatozoa of cauda and vas deferens were significantly higher than the control group. The ARIC (acrosome reaction to ionophore challenge) value of caudal sperm was 28.7 at control, 22.1 at 3 days, and 8.3 at 14 days. In the present study the spermatozoa concentration was decreased and the spontaneous reaction rate was increased by diabetes. In ARIC-test, it is revealed that the fertility of spermatozoa of 14 days group was lower than control or 3 days group. Diabetes mellitus may be provoke the decreased fertilization rate and subsequent infertility and subsequent infertility.

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Sequential use of Intramuscular and Oral Progesterone for Luteal Phase Support in in vitro Fertilization (체외수정시술 환자에서 황체기 보강 시 근주 투여와 경구 투여의 연속적 이용)

  • Kim, Sang-Don;Jee, Byung-Chul;Lee, Jung-Ryeol;Suh, Chang-Suk;Kim, Seok-Hyun;Moon, Shin-Yong
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2010
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess appropriate time to convert intramuscular progesterone support to oral administration for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Seventy-six cycles of IVF in which fetal heart beat was identified after treatment were included. Patients underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH agonist long protocol (n=7) or GnRH antagonist protocol (n=66). Cryopreserved embryo transfer was performed in three cycles. Luteal support was initiated by daily intramuscular injection of progesterone, and after confirmation of fetal heart beat, converted to oral micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Laboratoires Besins International, France) 300 mg daily before or after 8 gestational weeks. The oral progesterone was continued for 11 weeks. Results: Overall clinical abortion rate was 3.9% (3/76) and mean time to conversion was $8^{+4}$ gestational weeks ($46{\pm}5.8$ days after oocytes retrieval). The abortion rate was 5.6% (1/17) and 3.4% (2/59) in patients with conversion before 7 weeks and after 8 weeks, respectively, which were not statistically significant (p=0.678). The miscarriages were occurred at $9^{+4}$ weeks, $11^{+3}$ weeks and $11^{+4}$ weeks. Conclusion: Sequential luteal support using intramuscular and oral progesterone yields a relatively low clinical abortion rate. If fetal heart beat confirmed, sequential regimen appears to be safe and convenient method to reduce patients' discomfort induced by multiple injections.

Consideration on Birth Sex Ratio in Human IVF-ET Program in Korea (인간의 체외수정 및 배아이식술에서 출생 성비에 대한 고찰)

  • Cha, Byung-Hun;Jun, Jin-Hyun;Lee, Jung-Ryeol;Choi, Young-Min
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2010
  • Objective: Birth sex ratio (BSR) with human IVF-ET program is an interesting subject of social and scientific issue but very little information is available in Korea. This study was performed to assess the BSR with IVF-ET and to suggest the effective factors on the BSR. Methods: The national data from 1991~2008 were obtained from governmental Statistics Korea and the delivery data of human IVF-ET program on 2007 and 2008 were provided from the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. The BSR were statistically analyzed according to methods of IVF and to transferred embryos from fresh or frozen-thawed cycles. Results: The BSRs of Korean populations were over 1.10 up to 2002, and then it declined and maintained to 1.06 as balance BSR on 2007 and 2008. In human IVF-ET program, the BSRs were 1.07 on 2007 and 1.06 on 2008, respectively. Conventional IVF on 2008 showed the highest BSR as 1.10, and ICSI the lowest on 2008 as 1.01. There was no significant difference of BSRs related to the methods of in vitro fertilization and the feature of transferred embryos. Conclusion: The BSR of Korea showed 1.06~1.07 as normal and balanced state on 2007 and 2008 both general populations and human IVF-ET program. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the BSR of human IVF-ET in Korea. There is a need to expand the further studies for national statistics and influencing factors on the BSR with IVF-ET.