• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is data analysis for acute toxicity and safety of Cheongsimyeonja-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Cheongsimyeonja-tang. Fifty five male and female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Cheongsimyeonja-tang at the respective doses of 0 (control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. In animals administered with Cheongsimyeonja-tang, there were nither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign and autopsy. 4. Conclusion: The data confirmed that Cheongsimyeonja-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in treated groups. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) value for mice was more than 5000 mg/kg per oral for both male and females. It suggest that Cheongsimyeonja-tang in mice is considered to be safe.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2001

위내 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 개에서 삼중요법의 효과를 알아보기 위해 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 것으로 판명된 7두의 개를 대상으로 amoxicillin, metronidazole을 14일간 경구투여하였다. 삼중요법 실시에 따른 Helicobacter 균속 감염상태 변화를 평가하기 위해 투여 7일째, 14일째 그리고 투여 중지후 30일째의 위생검 조직에 대한 요소검사, Helicobacter 균속에 대한 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사와 함께 분변시료를 이용한 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사를 실시하였다. 삼중요법 14일째 위생검 조직의 요소검사에서는 7두중 6두가 음성이었으나 위생검조직과 분변시료의 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서는 각각 3두와 4두만이 음성이었다. 삼중요법 중지후 30일째 검사에서는 각 검사법이 모두 동일한 결과를 나타내었는데 7두중 3두에서 음성으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 위내 Helicobacter 균속에 자연 감염된 개에서 amoxicillin, metronidazole과 omeprazole을 이용한 삼중요법은 Helicobacter 균속 감염 정도를 낮추거나 때로는 완전 박멸할 수 있을 것으로 보여지기에 만성위염의 임상증상을 나타내는 개의 Helicobacter 균속 감염증에 적용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in suckling piglets by oral administration of the IgY. The piglets were divided into two groups: test and control group. The former (n=10) were administered orally with IgY for three days from one-day-old and experimentally challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. The latter (n=10) were administered with saline solution and challenged with same methods. Several tests were studied and summarized as follows; In clinical signs, the piglets of the control group showed the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but those of the test group recovered progressively. Control group showed 20% in mortality, but there were no death in the other. The gross lesions in the test were milder than those in the control, and there were typical findings as like congestion and distension of lumen in the control group. In histopathological study, the piglets of the control group had shortened and fused intestinal villi and a marked loss of epithelium, whereas the others showed milder changes. It could be concluded that oral administration of IgY, specific yolk-antibody against PEDV and TGEV is effective to prevent PEDV and TGEV infection in suckling piglets.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

Electroglottography (EGG) is a common method for providing non-invasive measurements of glottal activity. EGG has been used in vocal pathology as a clinical or research tool to measure vocal fold contact. This paper presents the results of pitch, jitter, and closed quotient (CQ) measurements in electroglottographic signals of young (mean = 22.7 years) and elderly (mean = 74.3 years) male and female subjects. The sustained corner vowels /i/, /a/, and /u/ were measured at around 70 dB SPL since the most notable among EGG variables is the phonation intensity, which showed positive correlation with closed phase. The aim of this paper was to measure EGG data according to age and gender. In CQ, there was a significant difference between young and elderly female subjects while there was no significant difference between young and elderly male subjects. The mean value for young males was higher than that for elderly males while the mean value for young females was lower than that for elderly females. Thus, it can be said that in mean values, increased CQ was related to decreased age for females, while CQ decreased for males as the speaker's age decreased. Although the laryngeal degeneration due to increased age seems to occur to a lesser extent in females, the significant increase of CQ in elderly female voices could not be explained in terms of age-related physiological changes. In standard deviation of pitch and jitter, the mean values for young and elderly males were higher than that for young and elderly females. That is, male subjects showed higher in mean values of voice variables than female subjects. This result could be considered as a sign of vocal instability in males. It was suggested that these results may provide powerful insights into the control and regulation of normal phonation and into the detection and characterization of pathology.

• 한국자기공명학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자기공명학회 2002년도 International Symposium on Magnetic Resonance
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• pp.70-71
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• 2002

Exchange-coupled cluster of transition-metal ions are relevant to many different scientific areas, ranging from chemistry to solid-state physics, biology, material science and has been the subject of much research in recent years(1,2). Single crystal EPR spectroscopy works as a very effective tool for the measurement of J values for small exchange interactions. This makes EPR technique very suitable for detection of weak exchange coupling transmitted over long distances via extended atomic and melecular bridges. Large polyoxometallates (3) may provide ideal structural environments for the study of interactions between paramagnetic ions. The detailed nature of magnetic interaction (positive sign and magnitude of J~0.006 $cm^{-1}$ /) was clearly determined for di-copper(II) system by single crystal EPR spectroscopy (4). The single-triplet (S-T) transitions are forbidden by different symmetries of the wave functions. However, when the singlet ground state is mixed into triplet states, the S-T transitions can be allowed and observed as weak lines. These weak S-T lines are positioned symmetrically with respect to the main transitions in the distance equals to 2J from the center of the spectrum. This lines allow one to determine the J-value with very high accuracy when │J│ ＜ hv 0.32 $cm^{-1}$ /. Unfortunately, the S-T transitions in the single crystal were detected by EPR method only in a few complexes until now. We have measured single-triplet transition lines for several magnetically coupled cluster systems and determined their J values accurately. The temperature dependency of J was studied by monitoring the changes in S-T.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the skin irritation potential of lemon grass essential oil in rabbits. A volume of 0.5 ml of test article was applied to intact and abraded skins, respectively, for 24 h in 6 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits. Parameters measured during 72 h observation period were mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and local irritation. All rabbits showed severe edema at both 24 h and 72 h after the application of test article. These animals also showed very slight to severe erythema and/or slight eschar formation at both 24 h and 72 h. The edema and erythema induced by lemon grass essential oil were recovered on day 7 of additional 11-day recovery period, but the eschar formation was not recovered at the end of recovery period. On the other hands, there were no treatment-related adverse effects on clinical sign, body weight and gross finding in rabbits. Based on these results, it was concluded that a single dermal application of the undiluted lemon grass essential oil caused very slight to severe edema, erythema and eschar formation in rabbits and showed a primary irritation index score of 5.63 indicating severe irritation. The results of this study strongly suggest that lemon grass essential oil should be used with care and in highly diluted forms especially when directly applied to the skin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 1995

All the pharmacological studies of LB17522 described here were carried out with high doses (fifteen to sixty times of the therapeutic dose) to determine an indication of potential side effects in clinical use in terms of the acute clinical signs, cardiovascular and central nervous system. LB10522 does not produce any observable clinical signs except for the symptoms such as moist eye, skin rash, slight salivation, vomitting, and slightly reduced activity. The effects of LB10522 on the hemodynamics and cardiac function of anesthetized beagle dogs are as follows; heart rates and mean arterial blood pressure had a tendency to increase mildly, which is a normal finding in anesthetized dogs. All the animals except for one showed relatively stable respiratory rates throughout the observation period. Each animal treated with LB10522 showed slight increase in the left cardiac work and left ventricular stroke work which are mainly related to corresponding increases in cardiac output. Femoral blood flow were shown to be increased in some animals treated with LB10522. The epileptogenic activities of various cephalosporins were assessed by a direct intracerebral injection of appropriate concentration of test articles. The CD$_{50}$ values (nmol) obtained from the analysis of the dose-response data are as follows; 78.2, 175.3, 156.3, and 53.5 for cefazolin, cephaloridine, ceftazidime, and LB 10522, respectively. LB10522 seems to be equipotent with cefazolin or to be three times more potent than cephaloridine and ceftazidime in causing adverse CNS stimulation. Taken into consideration all the information obtained, LB10522 is not supposed to induce much changes in the functions examined in these studies in man at therapeutic doses.s.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2003

한반도 남해안의 중앙부에 위치한 광양만에서 조간대 퇴적물의 계절적 변화를 조사하기 위하여 집적률과 표층퇴적물에 대한 모니터링을 실시하였다. 2년에 걸친 조사결과 광양만 조간대는 주로 겨울에 퇴적되고 세립해지며, 여름에는 간헐적으로 발생되는 태풍과 폭우에 의해 침식되며 조립해지는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 겨울의 퇴적현상은 파랑의 영향을 강하게 받는 서해안 조간대가 주로 겨울에 침식되는 것과 상반된 결과로, 이는 광양만의 반폐쇄적인 지형적 특성에 따라 파랑의 발달이 극히 제한되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다 한편, 공단조성을 위해 주변에 인위적인 매립이 진행되고 있는 조간대에서는 계절과 무관하게 침식이 가속화되고 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3532-3536
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• 2012

난자 세포의 정상적인 성숙과정을 이해하려면 모계유래 유전자 발현 증가의 분자 생물학적 기전을 밝혀내야 한다. 이것은 모계 유전자의 염기서열의 변화와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 전 연구결과에 의하면 돼지 난자 체외 성숙과정에서의 모계 유전자 mRNA 발현은 통상적으로 poly(A) 꼬리 길이와 아데닐산 중합반응에 의하여 검증된다. 하지만 포유동물 체외성숙 과정에서는 아직까지 밝혀진 것이 없다. 따라서 본 연구목적은 성숙단계 난모세포에서의 분자생물학적 기전을 해명하고자, 4개의 중요한 모계유전자발현을 real-time PCR기법으로 확인하여 poly(A) 꼬리 길이와 아데닐산중합반응의 변화를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 접합체 유전자 활성화 단계에서 모계 유전자의 비정상적인 발현과 이것에 상응하는 단백질 수준의 억제는 일부 혹은 대부분 유전자 손실에 의하여 초래된 것임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이상적인 모계 유전자 발현은 난자 세포의 성숙 및 더 나가서 초기 배아 발달에 중요한 역할을 하는 것임을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2000

Objective : The fracture on the frontal bone in head-injured patients may be commonly encountered in the clinical situations. Biomechanical studies demonstrate that the anterior wall of the frontal sinus is intermediate in its ability to resist fracture on direct impact. If the frontal sinus is large and the anterior table is able to disperse the force of the impact over a greater area, the posterior table and intracranial contents usually can be spared. We analyzed the clinical features of the patients who presented with frontal skull fracture due to frontal blows. Patients and Methods : From January, 1992 to December, 1997, 172 patients with frontal skull fracture were selected among 1911 patients with head injury who were admitted to department of neurosurgery. Clinical records and radiological studies of all patients were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively. Results : The neurobehavioral changes was seen in 34 cases(19.8%) and showed statistical significances in case of facial bone fractures, acute subdural hematoma(SDH), and positive frontal lobe releasing sign(p<0.05). The good glasgow outcome score group(GOS, good recovery & moderate disability) at discharge was revealed in 77.3% of total patient population. The poor GOS group(severe disability & vegetative state & death) at discharge was revealed in 22.7%. The poor GOS group at discharge have statistical significances with acute epidural hematoma(EDH), traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage(t-IVH), traumatic intracranial lesion, poor initial glasgow coma scale(GCS) scores & Revised Trauma Score(RTS)(p<0.05). Conclusion : Because of their anatomical relationships and neurobehavioral patterns due to vulnerability of the frontal lobe, the frontal injury should be considered as complicated facial injuries. Therefore, these patients are more likely to have a cosmetic or neuropsychiatric problems.