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Genetic Diversity of Rehmannia glutinosa Genotypes Assessed by Molecular Markers (분자표지자에 의한 지황 유전집단의 유전적 다양성)

  • Bang, Kyong-Hwan;Chung, Jong-Wook;Kim, Young-Chang;Lee, Jei-Wan;Kim, Hong-Sig;Kim, Dong-Hwi
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.435-440
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    • 2008
  • Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to identify the genetic diversities among and within varieties and landraces of Rehmannia glutinosa. Polymorphic and reproducible bands were produced by 10 primers out of total 20 primers used in the experiment. In RAPD analysis of the 11 genotypes, 64 fragments out of 73 amplified genomic DNA fragments were polymorphic which represented an average 6.4 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with random primers ranged from 2 (OPA-1) to 13 (OPA-11) and varied in size from 200 bp to 1,400 bp. Especially, OPA-10, OPA-11 and OPA-19 primers showed specific bands for varieties of Korea Jiwhang and Jiwhang il ho, which could be useful for discriminating from other varieties and landraces of R. glutinosa. Percentage polymorphism ranged from a minimum of 50% (OPA-1) to a maximum of 100% (OPA-11), with an average of 87.7%. Similarity coefficients were higher in the genotypes of Korea Jiwhang and Jiwhang il ho than in other populations. In cluster analysis, genotypes of Korea Jiwhang, Jiwhang il ho, and Japanese accession were separated from those of other varieties and landraces. Average of genetic diversity within the population $(H_S)$ was 0.110, while average of total genetic diversity $(H_T)$ was 0.229. Across all RAPD makers the $G_{ST}$ value was 0.517, indicating that about 52% of the total genetic variation could be explained by RAPDs differences while the remaining 48% might be attributable to differences among samples. Consequently, RAPD analysis was useful method to discriminate different populations such as domestic varieties and other landraces. The results of the present study will be used to understand the population and evolutionary genetics of R. gllutinosa.

Synthesis and Characterization of Al-containing Titanium Silicalite-1 Catalysts (알루미늄 함유 티타늄 실리카라이트-1 촉매의 합성 및 특성 연구)

  • Ko, Yong Sig;Hong, Suk Bong;Kim, Geon Joong;Ahn, Wha Seung
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.639-647
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    • 1998
  • Al-containing titanium silicalite-1 ([Al]-TS-1) catalyst was prepared hydrothermally, and the effects of synthesis parameters such as silica/alumina sources, $SiO_2/TiO_2$ ratio, and aging treatment were investigated. The structure, crystal size, and shape were examined by XRD and SEM, and the extent of titanium incorporation into the zeolite framework was examined using UV-vis DRS spectroscopy. For [Al]-TS-1 catalyst preparation, aging of ca. 24h was essential, and the faster crystallization rates were achieved with Cab-O-Sil than with Ludox or TEOS as a silica source. In addition, the higher crystallinity and faster crystallization rate were obtained using sodium aluminate as an aluminum source. 2-butanol oxidation using $H_2O_2$ as an oxidant was carried out to confirm the redox property of the [Al]-TS-1. Acid sites catalyzed toluene alkylation study indicated that lattice titanium species in [Al]-TS-1 weakened the acid strength, and the para-ethyltoluene selectivity was enhanced as a results.

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Recovery of Metallic Pd with High Purity from Pd/Al2O3 Catalyst by Hydrometallurgy in HCl (염산 침출용액을 이용한 Pd/Al2O3 촉매에서 고순도 팔라듐 회수)

  • Kim, Ye Eun;Byun, Mi Yeon;Baek, Jae Ho;Lee, Kwan-Young;Lee, Man Sig
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.270-278
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    • 2020
  • Palladium (Pd) has been widely used in various industrial applications such as jewelry, catalyst, and dental materials despite its limited resources. It has been gaining attention to recover Pd with high purity from the spent materials. This study investigated the optimum conditions for the leaching and recovery of metallic Pd. The leaching parameters are HCl concentration, temperature, time, concentration of oxidants, and pulp density. 97.2% of Pd leaching efficiency was obtained in 3 M HCl with 3 vol% oxidants at 80℃ for 60 min. The ratio of hydrogen peroxide to sodium hypochlorite played a critical role in the leaching efficiency due to the supply of Cl- ions in the leachate. Moreover, the complete recovery of Pd in the leachate was achieved at 80℃ with 0.3 formic acid/leachate after adjusting the pH value of 7. This situation was ascribed to the decomposition of formic acid into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide at 80℃. ICP-AES and XRD characterized the recovered Pd powder, and the purity of the recovered powder was found to be 99.6%. Consequently, the recovered Pd powder with high purity could be used in circuits, catalyst precursors, and surgical instruments.

Development of electrochemical biosensor for determination of galactose (4갈락토오즈 측정을 위한 전기화학적 바이오센서 개발)

  • Park, Kap Soo;Cho, Soon Sam;Quan, De;Lee, Jae Seon;Cha, Geun Sig;Nam, Hakhyun
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.393-399
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    • 2007
  • In principle, the blood galactose level may be determined conveniently with a strip-type biosensor similar to that for glucose. In this study, we describe the development of a disposable galactose biosensor strip for point-of-care testing. The sensor strip is constructed with screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE) and sample amount (< $100{\mu}L$). The developed strip the galactose level in less than 90 s using bienzymatic system of galactose oxidase (GAO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The effects of pH, mediator (1,1-ferrocenedimethanol) concentration, ratio of enzymes, and applied potential were determined preliminarily with glassy carbon electrodes, and optimized further with the strip-type electrodes. The sensor exhibits linear response in the range of $0{\sim}400{\mu}M$ ($r^2$ = 0.997, S/N = 3). Since a low working potential, in principle, the fabricated disposable galactose biosensor has -100 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), it is applied for the detection of galactose, interfering responses from common interferents such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen could be minimized. The sensor has been used to determine the total galactose level in standard samples with satisfactory reproducibility (CV = 5 %).

Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Environment and Melon Growth in Greenhouse (바이오차 시용이 시설재배 멜론의 토양 환경 및 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Eun-Hye;Yun, Geon-Sig;Chung, Guem-Jea;Lee, Kuy-Hoi;Jeon, Yu-Min;Youn, Cheol-Ku;Kim, Ju-Hyoung;Lee, Sang-Min
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.75-90
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    • 2024
  • Biochar is a solid substance with a high carbon content, as it is made out of biomass pyrolyzed under the condition of limited oxygen. This product has attracted attention as an environment-friendly soil amendment because it contributes to carbon neutrally and has improvement effects on the soil environment. This study conducted an experiment to evaluate soil physiochemical properties and microbial community changes in a melon greenhouse according to the applied amount of biochar to investigate the growth characteristics and yields of melons accordingly. In soil physical properties, an increase in the applied amount of biochar resulted in a decrease in bulk density and an increase in porosity of the soil, improving air permeability. In soil chemical properties, an increase in the applied amount of biochar led to a increasing of pH, organic matter and available phosphate content. In the growth characteristics of melons, there was a growing tendency of plant height, leaf length and leaf width according to the increasing application of biochar until 10,000 kg/ha. Moreover, melon yields also increased as the amount of biochar, 13~16% higher in 10,000 kg/ha biochar application than no treatment. Compared differences among microbial communities in the soil according to the application of biochar and found that plant beneficial bacteria dominated in biochar treatments. This study demonstrated the potential of biochar as an effective soil amendment in melon greenhouse by showing improvements in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.

An Investigation on the Environmental Factors of Certified Organic and Non-pesticide Paddy Soils Cultivating Rice at Goseong-Gun (고성지역 유기농산물과 무농약농산물인증 논토양의 환경 조사)

  • Joo, Heui Sig;Cho, Young Son;Chun, Hyun Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.403-410
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted in organic certification soil for the comparison of heavy metals, nutrients, and irrigated water standards to certify a farm. It was carried out in 811 paddy fields of organic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated at Goseong-Gun. The amounts of 8 heavy metals, Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, $Cr^{6+}$, Zn, and Ni were found to be 0.05, 14.5, 1.08, 0.92, 10.7, 1.34, 35.9, and 22.2 mg $kg^{-1}$ in regular sequence in the organic paddy soil, and they were 0.32, 13.6, 1.01, 0.03, 10.4, 0.91, 42.4 and 22.5 mg $kg^{-1}$ in the non-pesticide paddy soil. In comparing organic and non-pesticide paddy soil with respect to the chemical characteristics of the soil, the average pH and the amount of organic matter, available phosphate and available silicate were 5.88 and 27.6 g $kg^{-1}$, 134.5 mg $kg^{-1}$, and 165.3 mg $kg^{-1}$, while they were 5.78 and 32.1 g $kg^{-1}$, 107.7 mg $kg^{-1}$, and 175.2 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively. The amount of exchangeable cation $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$ were 0.25, 5.20, and 1.04 cmol+ $kg^{-1}$ in organic paddy soil, while they were 0.38, 5.13, and 1.19 cmol+ $kg^{-1}$ in non-pesticide paddy soil. The pH, DO, BOD, COD and SS conditions of the irrigated water used in the organic paddy soil were found to be 7.23, 8.40, 2.80, 1.86, and 2.58 mg $l^{-1}$ and the condition of irrigated water used in the non-pesticide paddy soil were found to be 7.65, 9.16, 2.25, 4.11, and 4.00 mg $l^{-1}$, respectively. Based on these findings, we suggest that environmentally-friendly certificates in Korea have to unify organic and non-pesticide agro-products in an organic standard in food policy and control because there is no difference between soil and irrigated water standards in the two certifications.

Analysis of Sigma Inflation Factor with Respect to Elevation Angle for GBAS Availability Improvement (위성 앙각별 시그마 팽창계수 분석을 통한 GBAS 가용성 향상)

  • Park, Jong-Geun;Ahn, Jongsun;Jun, Hyang-Sig;Yeom, Chan-Hong;Sung, Sangkyung;Lee, Young Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.368-375
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    • 2014
  • The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is influenced by environmental factors, making analysis in the installation region important. This study has proposed the sigma inflation of the B-value considering the satellite elevation angle and analyzed the Vertical Protection Level (VPL) of the H1 hypothesis. After collecting data that meet the environmental conditions of the installation region, sigma expansion coefficients by the unit of satellite elevation angle ($5^{\circ}$) have been estimated. The obtained results were functionalized through curve-fitting, and sigma inflation customized for the environmental conditions of the test region was proposed. Then, the characteristics were classified and analyzed depending on humidity and solar activities. According to the sigma inflation with respect to elevation angle analysis, changes in the size of sigma inflation factors by the difference of humidity were minor. However, the VPL under the satellite elevation angle-based sigma inflation met integrity. Also, considering the sigma inflation factor with respect to elevation angle, compared to existing methods, high-integrity and improved availability is confirmed by removing unnecessary margins in high elevation angle satellite.

Changes of Seed Germination Rate and Lipid Components in Different Brown Rices during Ageing (저장에 따른 생태형별 현미의 발아율과 지질 성분의 변화)

  • Kwak, Jieun;Lee, Jeom-Sig;Yoon, Mi-Ra;Kim, In-Hwan;Lee, Jeong-Heui;Kim, Mi-Jung;Lee, Choon-Ki;Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Kim, Wook-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.933-940
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to determine quality changes in seed germination rates and lipid components in Japonica and Tongil (indica/japonica) type brown rices with different tocol composition during storage. Moisture content, seed germination rate, crude lipid content, fat acidity, tocol content, free fatty acid composition of brown rice and pH of milled rice were measured to evaluate their quality after storage. Seed germination rates of stored Japonica and Tongil type brown rices were decreased by 22.4% and 59.7%, respectively, after 8 weeks of storage. The fat acidity of Japonica rice was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of Tongil type brown rices after storage. The major tocol homologue of Tongil type was ${\gamma}-tocotrienol$, whereas, major tocol homologues of Japonica brown rices were ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and ${\alpha}-tocotrienol$ throughout the entire storage period.

Combustion Characteristics of Volume Variation of Torch in a CVCC (토치 점화 장치의 체적에 따른 연소특성 파악)

  • Kwon, Soon-Tae;Kim, Hyeong-Sig;Choi, Chang-Hyeon;Park, Chan-Jun;Ohm, In-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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    • 2010.04a
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    • pp.166-170
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    • 2010
  • Six different size of torch-ignition device were applied in a constant volume combustion chamber for evaluating the effects of torch-ignition on combustion. The torch-ignition device was designed six different volumes and same orifice size. The combustion pressures were measured to calculate the mass burn fraction and combustion enhancement rate. In addition, the flame propagations were visualized by shadowgraph method for the qualitative comparison. The result showed that the combustion pressure and mass burn fraction were increased when using the torch ignition device. And the combustion duration were decreased. The combustion enhancement rates of torch-ignition cases were improved in comparison with conventional spark ignition. Finally, the visualization results showed that the torch-ignition device the torch-ignition induced faster burn than conventional spark ignition due to the earlier transition to turbulent flame and larger flame surface, during the initial stage. And the initial flame propagation was effected torch-ignition volume.

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The comparison between measurement and prediction values for the vertical illuminances by relux program in the survey region (상용 조명해석 프로그램(Relux)을 이용한 가로등 주택침입광 예측값과 실측값 비교)

  • Jung, Dae-Kwan;Park, Hyung-Kyu;Jung, Joon-Sig
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.98-104
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    • 2018
  • The assessment of the light trespass in terms of light pollution is difficult due to the complexity of light environments. As a result, the light pollution research has examined the influences of light pollution using simulation program such as RELUX. However, there still exists a differences between the real measurement value and the simulation value for the light trespass. In this paper, we analyzed the light trespass using the RELUX simulation program, and compared results with real measurement values. In this study, the regions (Seoul, Incheon, etc.) were investigated regarding the light trespass for outdoor lighting. The survey of vertical illuminance was analyzed measuring point (more than 2 point) out the window that was expected to light trespass for the higher anticipated to illumination. The illuminational predicted values for the RELUX program were compared with maximum one. As a result of this study, the illuminational errors between the measurement values and predicted values for the simulation were examined from -0.97 lx to 0.65 lx except 2.08 lx and -7.70 lx. The light trespass was analyzed the higher by how much the located close to the height, length, width of the outdoor lighting for the window. For measuring predicted values using RELUX, it was not sufficiently considered in the simulation conditions because of environmental factors and investigator error etc. Limitations of this study include the limited number of measurements, and greater field data is required in future studies.