• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 1991

With 10 subjects of 6-year-old children residing in Pusan, I analyzed the relation of walking types(step angle, step width, step and stride) and wear comfort according to the style and size fo shoes in order to reveal the fitness of children's shoes centered on the relationship of shoes size and walking. Three styles of children's shoes(laced and unlaced formal shoes, magic-taped sports shoes) ranging in five different size were used. The following are conclusions. 1. As to step angle, there was no conceivable change in the left side, while the right side had a significance in accordance with the shoes size at p<0.001. As the size grew, right step angle of all shoes increased, with unlaced shoes having more influence than others. Step angle were the smallest when all the sampled shoes made the difference of 5mm between foot size and shoes size. 2. As to step width, there was no conceivable change in the style of shoes, while shoes size had a significance at p<0.001. As the size grew, step width also increased. Step width were the smallest when all the sampled shoes made the difference of 5mm between foot size and shoes size. 3. Step and stride, however, took no significance at all, since they were not influenced by the size or style of the shoes. 4. Wear comfort had a significance at the level of p<0.001. Since it was influenced by the size or style of the shoes. The best wear comfort was felt when all the sampled shoes had laces and magic tapes as well as the size with the difference of 5-10mm between foot size and shoes size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.55-65
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of sit-to-stand training with various foot positions combined with visual feedback on the postural alignment and balance. METHODS: Thirty stroke patients were assigned randomly into three groups of standing with a symmetrical foot position (SSF) (n = 10), asymmetrical foot position with the affected foot at the rear (SAF) (n = 10), and visual feedback and asymmetrical foot position (SVAF) (n = 10). Sit-to-stand training with different foot positions was performed for 30 minutes a day, five times a week, for a total of four weeks, and the effects on postural alignment and balance were assessed. RESULTS: The angle between the midline and scapula peak of the affected side was decreased significantly at sitting and thigh-off in the SAF group and at sitting, thigh-off, and standing in the SVAF group (p < .05). The angle between the midline and scapula peak of the non-affected side was increased significantly at sitting and thigh-off in the SAF group and at sitting, thigh-off, and standing in the SVAF group, the difference in the angle between the scapular peaks of the left and right sides was decreased significantly at sitting and thigh-off in SSF group, and at sitting in SAF group (p < .05). In the SVAF group, the angle at sitting, thigh-off, and standing was decreased significantly (p < .05). A comparison of the balance ability showed that BSS in the SVAF group was improved significantly (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the postural alignment and balance ability were improved in stroke patients who participated in sit-to-stand with visual feedback and asymmetrical foot position training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

An experimental study for the characteristics of the thrust-vectoring of a sonic jet utilizing the coanda flap installed at a rectangular nozzle exit is performed. Two side plates are installed at both sides of the flap to decrease the three dimensional effects of the jet on the flap surface. Schlieren flow visualizations and quantitative measurements of the deflection angle of thrusting vector show that the side plates are able to delay the separation of the jet at the downstream of the flap surface. Substantial increase in the deflection angle of the jet as high as $72^{\circ}$ and small thrust loss as low as 7% are obtained by the present thrust-vectoring technique using the side plates.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

The present study was performed to investigate the prevalence rate of idiopathic scoliosis and to determine the effect of exercise training on scoliotic angle in elementary school children. In this study, two out of five elementary schools in Seosan city were chosen by random sampling. Seven hundred sixty four students (from four grade to the sixth grade student) were selected in two schools. Screening tests were conducted to find idiopathic scoliosis. Among the 764 individuals, 139 subjects who showed positive sign in physical examination took whole spine radiography. Thirty six subjects who had a curve of 10 or greater and consented to participate in the exercise program were selected for the exercise program. The exercise program was performed four times a week for 5 months. The results of this study were as follows: 1) One hundred thirty nine subjects showed positive sign in the scoliosis screening test. 2) The overall prevalence of curve of $10^{\circ}or$ greater in X-ray finding was 8.15%. The prevalencies of curve of $10^{\circ}or$ greater in male and female were 7.1% and 9.2%, respectively. 3) Scoliosis curves were observed at thoracic area (48.4%), at thoracolumbar area (27.4%) and at lumbar area(24.4%). 4) Right side curve was 59.7%, and left side curve was 40.3%. 5) After the 5 month exercise program for scoliosis, the Cobb's angle was significantly decreased. 6) There was no significant difference of Cobb's angle change respect to sex, grades, and scoliosis curve site. Results shown here indicates that an early detection and early exercise for scoliosis can result in decreased the Cobb's angle in elementary school children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.328-342
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to tooth wear. For this study, 78 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 76 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, head and shoulder posture were observed clinically. Electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis and masseter muscle were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ and occlusal status were recorded with $T-Scan^{(R)}$. Wear facet area of each tooth was measured from working model of upper arch corresponding to the occlusal status from T-Scan. Wear facet area were measured with planimeter in $mm^2$. Total area were divided into incisal, canine, posterior tooth area. Anterior wearfacet area was incisor area plus canine area, and unilateral area was anterior area plus posterior area. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups in total werafacet area, and male subjects showed tendency to have larger area in the normal group but female subjects showed tendency vice versa. 2. There was no significant difference related to preferred chewing side and Angle's classification, however some difference was observed by lateral guidance pattern. Anterior wear facet area in subjects of canine guidance was the largest in the three subgroups. 3. Subjects with head tilting to right side had larger posterior and total area, and subjects with higher shoulder in right side had larger canine and anterior area than any other subgrous. 4. Electromyographic activity of masseter muscle was more correlated with wear facet area than anterior temporalis muscle, and tooth contact number and force were significantly correlated with wear facet area, but the most important factor affecting tooth attrition was age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2005

The size of the ship's turning circle is influenced by various factors, such as block coefficient, underwater side shape, rudder area ratio, draft, trim and Froude's number. Most of them are already fixed on departure from a port. However, the ship's speed and the rudder angle are controllable factors which operations are able to change optionally during sailing. The DGPS measured the turning circles according to the ship's speed and the rudder angle. The maximum advances by slow and full ahead were 302m and 311m, and the maximum transfers were 460m and 452m, respectively. There occurs almost no difference in size of the turning circle by variation of the ship's speeds. When the rudder angles were changed to $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, the maximum advances were 447m, 271m and 202m, and then also the maximum transfers 657m, 426m and 285m, respectively. The diameter of the tuning circle was decreased exponentially when the rudder angle was increased. The maneuverability was better when the direction of turning and propulsion of propeller are in the opposite direction rather than in the same one togetherm. The distance of the maximum transfer was always bigger than that of the maximum advance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles on foot position and knee angle for hemiplegia patients. Methods: Ten stroke subjects (10 males) participated in the study. Subjects were all right-hemiplegic patients. All subjects did $0^{\circ},\;20^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$ knee flexion while maintaining the foot in a neutral position, or at $30^{\circ}$ adduction or at $30^{\circ}$ abduction. Surface EMG data were collected for VMO and VL muscles on the non-hemiplegic side and hemiplegic side. Collected data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: VMO and VL activities for the non-hemiplegic and the hemiplegic sides were highest for $40^{\circ}$ knee flexion while maintaining the three foot positions. There were no significant differences in EMG activity of the VMO and VL muscles with different foot positions. There were significant differences between VMO and VL activity for knee flexion angle while maintaining the foot in neutral (p<0.05), at $30^{\circ}$ adduction (p<0.05), or at $30^{\circ}$ abduction (p<0.05). Conclusion: Foot position does not influence VMO and VL activities. But, knee flexion exercise in a closed chain can increase VMO and VL muscle activity for hemiplegic patients. In particular, VMO and VL activities for both the non-hemi side and the hemi side were highest for $40^{\circ}$ knee flexion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.7 no.2 s.25
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

In this research, we made a one and two-dimensional analysis of numerical data collected from the bend curvature of a bended river section. According to the result from the numerical analysis, the inflow & output angle caused a water level deviation which increased with an increase of the flood discharge. From the water level deviation of our two-dimensional numerical model, we obtained the maximum slope of 6,67% when the inflow and output angle was 105 degrees and the flood discharge was 500 CMS. As for the right side, the differences with the one-dimensional numerical model were reduced when the angle was more than $90^{\circ}$. As for the left side the differences were reduced when the angle was more than $105^{\circ}$. For a river with more than 90 degrees bend curvature, a hydraulic experiment would be more appropriate than a numerical analysis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to biomechanical analysis Judo's Kuzushi throwing motion in order to increase the effectiveness of Nage-waja(throwing technique). The Tori was a Judo player with 18 years experience(4th degree) while the Uke was a player with 2 years experience(1st degree). The kinematic data was captured using the Vicon motion system (7 cameras) and the kinetics were recorded by force plates(2 AMTI). The following were the results; While leaning to the front the subject's trunk's angle was $14.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $23.8^{\circ}$, knee angle was $179.6^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 325.42N(BW 0.34) and the right leg was 233.7N(BW 0.47). While leaning back the subject's trunk's angle was $11.3^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $4.1^{\circ}$, knee angle was $1761^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 299.53N(BW 0.43) and the right leg was 441.7N(BW 0.64). While leaning to the left the subject's trunk's angle was $30.8^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $2.7^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 711N(BW 1.03) and the right leg was 9.2N(BW 0.01). While leaning to the right the subject's trunk's angle was $36.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $10.4^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 13.2N(BW 0.02) and the right leg was 694.7N(BW 1.01). While leaning to the left front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $19.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $15.1^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $17.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $2.4^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $177.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $173.9^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 547.4N(BW 0.8) and the right leg was 117.8N(BW 0.17). While leaning to the right front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $15.4^{\circ}$ (front) and $17.7^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was $21.1^{\circ}$, (front) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (front) and $178.9^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 53N(BW 0.08) and the right leg was 622.4N(BW 09). While leaning to the left rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $9.2^{\circ}$ (back) and $13.8^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $2^{\circ}$, (back) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (back) and $172.8^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 698.2N(BW 1.02) and the right leg was 49.6N(BW 0.07). While leaning to the right rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $8.9^{\circ}$ (back) and $19.6^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was ${0.6^{\circ}}_"$ (back) and $3.1^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $174.6^{\circ}$ (back) and $175.6^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 7.2N(BW 0.01) and the right leg was 749.4N(BW 1.09). It was observed that during the Judo motion Kuzushii the range of the COM varied from $26.5{\sim}39.9cm$. It was concluded that the upper body leaned further than the lower body as there was knee extension. There was high left leg reaction forces while leaning to the left and likewise for the right side. It was therefore deduced that the Kuzushi was a more effective throwing technique for the left side.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

The wetting balance test was performed in an attempt to estimate the wetting properties of the UBM-coated Si-wafer on one side to the Sn-Pb solder. The wetting curves of the one and both side-coated UBM layers had the similar shape and the parameters characterizing the curve shape showed the similar transition tendency to the temperature. The wetting property estimation was possible with the new wettability indices from the wetting curves of one side-coated specimen; $F_{min}$, $F_{s}t_{s}$ and $t_s$. For UBM of Si-chip, Au/Cu/Cr UBM was better than Au/Ni/Ti in the point of wetting time. The contact angle of the one side coated Si-plate to the Sn-Pb solder could be calculated from the force balance equation by measuring the static state force and the tilt angle.