• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.647-650
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• 2005

This paper is to investigate the shrinkage properties of ultra high strength concrete(UHSC) incorporating $5\%$ of expansive additives(EA) along with $1\%$ of shrinkage reducing agent(SRA). UHSC subjected to steam curing and incorporated with steel fiber exhibited higher compressive strength than control UHSC by as much as50MPa at 7days, while at 28days, noticeable change in compressive strength was not observed between UHSC mixtures. Control UHSC subjected to steam curing had a $922{\times}10^6$ of autogenous shrinkage strain value, which was 6.7 times of drying shrinkage strain value at 42 days. The combination of EA and SRA resulted in a decrease in autogenous shrinkage by as much as half of control mixture. Steam curing contributed to the reduction of autogenous shrinkage by as much as $11\%$ compared with that of standard curing.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-79
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• 2015

It is well known that using any additional information in the estimation of unknown parameters with new sample of observations diminishes the sampling units needed and minimizes the risk of new estimators. There are many rational reasons to assure that the existence of additional information in practice and there exists many practical cases in which additional information is available in the form of target value (initial value) about the unknown parameters. This article is described the problem of how the prior initial value about the unknown parameters can be utilized and combined with classical Bayes estimator to get a new combination of Bayes estimator and prior value to improve the properties of the new combination. In this article, two classes of Bayes-shrinkage and preliminary test Bayes-shrinkage estimators are proposed for the scale parameter of exponential distribution. The bias, risk and risk ratio expressions are derived and studied. The performance of the proposed classes of estimators is studied for different choices of constants engaged in the estimators. The comparisons, conclusions and recommendations are demonstrated.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2003

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of flow, specimen geometry and adhesion on the measurement of linear polymerization shrinkage of light cured composite resins using linear shrinkage measuring device. Four commercially available composites - an anterior posterior hybrid composite Z100, a posterior packable composite P60 and two flowable composites, Filtek flow and Tetric flow-were studied. The linear polymerization shrinkage of composites was determined using 'bonded disc method' and 'non-bond-ed' free shrinkage method at varying C-factor in the range of 1∼8 by changing specimen geometry. These measured linear shrinkage values were compared with free volumetric shrinkage values. The viscosity and flow of composites were determined and compared by measuring the dropping speed of metal rod under constant load. In non-bonded method, the linear shrinkage approximated one third of true volumetric shrink-age by isotropic contraction. However, in bonded disc method, as the bonded surface increased the linear shrinkage increased up to volumetric shrinkage value by anisotropic contraction. The linear shrinkage value increased with increasing C-factor and approximated true volumetric shrinkage and reached plateau at about C-factor 5∼6. The more flow the composite was, reduced linear shrinkage was measured by compensation radial flow.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.229-233
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• 1995

In this study we have the properties of drying shrinkage crack of hardened cement mortar using admixtures. The drying shrinkage cracking test process has been examined by the restrained drying shrinkage strain by restraining rate measuring properties of strain-with- restraint by JIS original proposal and keeps a flow value of mortar about 100$\pm$5%. The results show that the usage of shrinkage reducing agent 1.5% was effective on the control of drying shrinkage in OPC and CP by restraining rate 20% and strain-with-restraing 20~30 $\mu$, the usage of expansion agent 0.45% was effective by restraining rate 50~60% and strain-with-restraint 40~80$\mu$, and the effectiveness was increased with shrinkage reducing agent. Also. admixtures such as Flyash, CP and NC reduced restrained shrinkage and drying shrinkage cracking and more with shrinkage reducing agent

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2000

본 논문은 웨이블렛 영역에서 신호성분을 보존하면서 첨부된 잡음성분을 제거할 수 있는 새로운 잡음제거 필터를 제시한다. 적응적 웨이블렛 수축(AWS) 필터라 불리는 제안된 필터는 웨이블렛 제거기와 적응적 수축기의 두 개 연산기로 구성되어 있으며 각각의 연산기는 웨이블렛 계수의 국부적 통계성을 이용하여 적응적으로 추정되는 threshold에 의존하여 선택되는데 웨이블렛 제거기는 threshold보다 작은 웨이블렛 계수들을 0으로 대신하여 웨이블렛 영역에서 잡음을 제거하게 된다. 또한 적응적 수축기는 threshold보다 큰 계수들을 적응적으로 수축하여 신호성분을 보존하면서 잡음성분을 줄이게 된다. 실험 결과, 제안된 필터는 기존의 방법들보다 잡음을 제거하면서 신호성분을 보존하는데 더욱 효과적임을 보여준다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1980

The studies on shrinkage and characteristics of the weft knitted fabrics were investigated under the various dry and wet treating conditions. Various relaxation values were found out according to treating conditions. The characteristics of knitted fabrics such as shrinkage rate, thickness, spirality, elongation and recovery were also measured. The used knitting yams were OE (open-end) cotton and POY (pre-oriented yarn)-DTY (draw textured yam) polyester. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. 1. In case of dry relaxation little change of Ks values was seen with increasing time after 48 hours. So it was found that relaxation shrinkage of dry relaxation reached its maximal state in about 48 hours. 2. In case of wet relaxation, higher Ks values were observed, in comparision with those of dry one and higher shrinkage rates were also observed. But when experimental temperature was constant, sudden marked increases in Ks values and shrinkage rates appeared through the initial 4 hours, and after that time little change was seen in them. 3. As Ks value increases, thickness also increased. But thickness showed to some degree stability around Ks value 23. 4. As Ks value increases, spirality values also increased gradually. But little change of spirality values was observed above a certain Ks values (cotton 22.5, polyester 21.5). 5. As Ks value increases, the elongation decreased under a certain load, and the recovery was random.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.78-90
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• 2010

Exposure to the outside, the concrete is differential moisture distribution depending on the depth. Such a differential moisture distribution causes the differential drying shrinkage in concrete structures. This thesis is researched to compare the shrinkage of lightweight concrete depending on depth to normal concrete. It is used artificial lightweight aggregate which has 20% of pre-absorb value by lightweight concrete. When water-binder ratio is 30%, average shrinkage of lightweight concrete section decreased than normal concrete, but differential shrinkage of lightweight concrete section increased. However water-binder ratio is 40% and 50% average shrinkage and differential shrinkage of lightweight concrete section decreased than normal concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.545-548
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• 2004

This paper is to investigate the shrinkage properties of high performance concrete (HPC) with mixture adjustment by using mock-up specimens. HPC with mixture adjustment needed a higher dosage of SP agent due to fluidity reduction and a larger dosage of AE agent due to the reduction of air content. Setting time of HPC with mixture adjustment exhibited earlier than that of control HPC by as much as 6 hours. HPC with mixture adjustment gained more than 70MPa of compressive strength. Autogenous shrinkage of Control HPC was found to be $-340\times40^{-6}$ at 49days when the expansion value by thermal effect was excluded and HPC with mixture adjustment $-175\times10^{-6}$, which was the half of the value of control HPC. Drying shrinkage of center section of HPC with mixture adjustment showed similar tendency with autogenous shrinkage because of no internal moisture movement, while surface section had larger drying shrinkage. The specimen embedded with reinforcing bar had smaller deformation caused by confinement of reinforcing bar.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 폐식용유에 의한 고강도 모르터의 기초적 및 자기수축 특성을 팽창재, 수축저감제를 사용한 경우와 비교 분석하였는데, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 유동성은 폐식용유의 경우 Plain에 비해 다소 적게 나타났고, 치환율의 증가에 따라서도 감소하였다. 반면, 수축저감제는 Plain보다 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 팽창재는 치환율의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 압축강도의 경우 폐식용유 및 수축저감제에서는 상호 유사한 경향을 나타내었는데, 초기 재령에서는 플레인 배합에 비해 다소 작은 값을 나타내었지만, 재령 91일에서는 거의 유사한 강도를 나타내었으며, 팽창재는 전반 재령에서 모두 Plain보다 높은 강도를 나타내었다. 자기수축 특성을 볼때 수축저감제, 폐식용유, 팽창재 순으로 수축저감효과가 양호한 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 폐식용유의 자기수축 저감효과는 수축저감제와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 팽창재에 비해 양호한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.259-264
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• 2005

The shrinkage of the product in injection molded part occurs due to the volume change with variation of temperature and pressure and is influenced by the processing conditions of injection molding. Mold designers greatly concerns the shrinkage of parts for a high dimensional accuracy. In this study, bar type HIPS specimen with 15x19 grid on the surface was tested. The amount of shrinkage of flow and transverse directions was examined with respect to the injection molding conditions such as melt temperature, injection speed, holding pressure, mold temperature and cooling time. As the packing pressure increased, the difference of shrinkage of both directions is decreased and the absolute shrinkage value also decreased.