• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2019

Predictions about shrinkage and creep of concrete are very important for evaluating time-dependent effects on structural performance. Some prediction models and formulas of concrete shrinkage and creep have been proposed with diversity. However, the influence of reinforcement ratio on shrinkage and creep of concrete has been ignored in most prediction models and formulas. In this paper, the concrete shrinkage and creep with different ratios of reinforcement were studied. Firstly, the shrinkage performance was tested by the 10 reinforced concrete beams specimens with different reinforcement ratios for 200 days. Meanwhile, the creep performance was tested by the 5 reinforced concrete beams specimens with different ratios of reinforcement under sustained load for 200 days. Then, the test results were compared with the prediction models and formulas of CEB-FIP 90, ACI 209, GL 2000 and JTG D 62-2004. At last, based on ACI 209, an improved prediction models and formulas of concrete shrinkage and creep considering reinforcement ratio was derived. The results from improved prediction models and formulas of concrete shrinkage and creep are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2004

A rational and simple analytical model to predict the time varying cracking moment of reinforced concrete sections under sustained loading is developed. The modeling procedure is based on equilibrium and compatibility requirements and takes into account the interdependent effects of creep and shrinkage as well as the presence of axial loading. A parametric study is conducted in which particular consideration is given to the effects of reinforcement ratio, level of loading, and creep and shrinkage characteristics of concrete. It is concluded that the reduction in cracking moment is mainly attributed to shrinkage. The effect of shrinkage is more pronounced at low levels of sustained loading and at high reinforcement ratios. This effect is lessened by the compression steel and creep particularly when the applied moment is near the cracking moment.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.396-403
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• 2002

To eliminate deck joints, continuous span bridges are becoming an attractive option. Defferent continuty methods and construction sequences have different time-dependent effects on the behavior of the bridge system. This paper is carried out to evaluate the restraint moments generated at interior span of bridges constructed with full-span prestessed concrete bridge. Especially, effects of creep and shrinkage between ACI209-95 and Eurocode 2 are compared in this paper. Time-dependent effects in prestressed concrete bridges include creep and shrinkage of concrete. Creep due to prestress makes the girders camber up and cause positive restraint moments. The most significant effect of shrinkage in continuous bridges is the differential shrinkage that occurs because of the difference in type and age of girder and deck concrete. Differential shrinkage between the precast girder and the deck typically causes negative res03int moments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.656-661
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• 1998

This paper presents a method of statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis of creep and shrinkage effects in PSC box girder bridges. The statistical and sensitivity analyses are performed by using the numerical simulation of Latin Hypercube sampling. For each sample, the time-dependent structural analysis is performed to produce response data, which are then statistically analyzed. The probabilistic prediction of the confidence limits on long-term effects of creep and shrinkage is then expressed. Three measures are examined to quantify the sensitivity of the outputs to each of the input variables. These are rank correlation coefficient(RCC), partial rank correlation coefficient(PRCC) and standardized rank regression coefficient(SRRC) computed on the ranks of the observations. Probability band widens with time, which indicates an increase of prediction uncertainty with time. The creep model uncertainty factor and the relative humidity appear as the most dominant factors with regard to the model output uncertainty.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.163-170
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• 1994

The widening of bridges under traffic condition brings to many problems. One of these is the internal stresses caused by different creep and shrinkage behavior of the existing bridge and that of the widened Bridge. This study was conducted to examine the effects of different creep and shrinkage behaviors between concretes. The results are as follows; Comparing the computational analysis results with the experimental study, it is shown that finite element analysis used in this study was well accorded with experimental results. And considering the shrinkage effects in widened bridges, joining-construction using the expanding concrete between the existing and widened bridge after at least three months from the day of completion of new bridge, is recommended.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

This paper focuses on the effect of creep on the critical compressive strain (CCS) of concrete. The strain of concrete corresponding to the peak compressive stress is crucial in the selection of the ultimate yield strength of the reinforcing bar used in reinforced concrete columns. Among the various influencing factors, such as the creep, shrinkage, loading rate and confinement, the effect of creep and shrinkage is the most significant. So far, investigations into how these factors can affect the CCS of concrete have been rare. Therefore, to investigate the effect of creep and shrinkage on CCS, an experimental (part I) and a parametric study (part II) were conducted, as presented in these papers (part I considers creep effect, part II considers effect of creep and shrinkage). In part I, experiments pertaining to the loading age, loading rate, loading duration and loading and creep levels were conducted to study the effect of these variables on the CCS of concrete. It was found that the effects of the loading rate, loading age, and level and duration on the CCS of concrete were negligible. However, it is very important to consider the effect of creep.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.529-532
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• 2006

This paper presents results from creep and shrinkage tests performed on different High Strength Concrete (HSC) mixes (with compressive strengths up to 90 MPa). Results were compared with those from various Code prediction models. The effects of pozzolanic materials on the creep and shrinkage were also investigated. Results show that while fly ash increases the compressive creep of concrete, silica fume decreases it. Moreover, current creep and shrinkage prediction models need to be revised for the HSC mixture.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.751-763
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• 2019

Steel-concrete composition is widely used in the construction due to efficient utilization of materials. The service load behavior of composite structures is significantly affected by cracking, creep and shrinkage effects in concrete. In order to control these effects in concrete slab, an efficient and novel strategy has been proposed by use of fiber reinforced concrete near interior supports of a continuous beam. Numerical study is carried out for the control of cracking, creep and shrinkage effects in composite beams subjected to service load. A five span continuous composite beam has been analyzed for different lengths of fiber reinforced concrete near the interior supports. For this purpose, the hybrid analytical-numerical procedure, developed by the authors, for service load analysis of composite structures has been further improved and generalized to make it applicable for composite beams having spans with different material properties along the length. It is shown that by providing fiber reinforced concrete even in small length near the supports; there can be a significant reduction in cracking as well as in deflections. It is also observed that the benefits achieved by providing fiber reinforced concrete over entire span are not significantly more as compared to the use of fiber reinforced concrete in certain length of beam near the interior supports in continuous composite beams.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.739-754
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• 2013

Creep and shrinkage have pronounced effects on the long-term deflection of prestressed concrete members. Under repeated loading, the rate of creep in prestressed concrete members is often accelerated. In this paper, an iterative computational procedure based on the well known Model B3 for creep and shrinkage was developed to predict the time-dependent deflection of partially prestressed concrete members. The developed model was validated using the experimental observed deflection behavior of a simply supported partially prestressed concrete beam under repeated loading. The validated model was then employed to make predictions of the long-term deflection of the prestressed beams under a variety of conditions (e.g., water cement ratio, relatively humidity and time at drying). The simulation results demonstrate that ignoring creep and shrinkage could lead to significant underestimation of the long-term deflection of a prestressed concrete member. The model will prove useful in reducing the long-term deflection of the prestressed concrete members via the optimal selection of a concrete mix and prestressing forces.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 1999

This paper deals with behaviors of PSC-Beam bridges according to continuity of spans. To analyze the long-term behavior of bridges, an analytical model which can simulate the effects of creep, the shrinkage of concrete, and the cracking of concrete slabs in the negative moment regions is introduced. To consider the different material properties across the sectional depth, the layer approach in which a section is divided into imaginary concrete and steel layers is adopted. The element stiffness matrix is constructed according to the assumed displacement field formulation, and the creep and shrinkage effects of concrete are considered in accordance with the first-order algorithm based on the expansion of the creep compliance. Correlation studies between analytical and experimental results are conducted with the objective to establish the validity of the proposed model. Besides, many uncertainties related to the continuity of spans are analyzed to minimize deck cracking at interior supports.