• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to suggest a more effective method by comparing the effects of changes in pain intensity, muscle strength, and athletic performance after applying a 6-week eccentric training program (ET-MWM) or concentric training program (CT-MWM) with MWM for high school baseball players with shoulder internal impingement (SII). Methods : A total of 75 participants were randomly assigned to each group and divided into two groups, "ET-MWM group (n=35)" and "CT-MWM group (n=32)" according to the intervention method. Pain intensity, muscle strength (external rotation, internal rotation), and athletic performance were first measured before the intervention, and after the intervention 3 times a week for a total of 6 weeks, both groups were re-measured in the same way. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity, biodex dynamometer for muscle strength (60 °/sec.), and Kerlan-Jobe orthopedic clinic shoulder & elbow score (K-KJOC) for athletic performance. Results : As a result of analyzing the homogeneity of the pre-intervention characteristics and initial measurement variables of the study subjects, there was no significant difference between the two groups in all variable values. Pain intensity (VAS) was significantly reduced in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). In addition, the maximum muscle strength of external rotation & internal rotation of the shoulder (60 °/sec.) and athletic performance (K-KJOC) were significantly increased in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). Conclusion : Compared with the CT-MWM training program, the ET-MWM training program reduced shoulder joint pain and further increased the muscle strength required for throwing motion in high school baseball players. As the result showed better athletic performance improvement, the ET-MWM training program can be clinically recommended as a more effective intervention.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the comparison of the effects of manual therapy combined with exercise on range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and functional performance in adolescent baseball players with internal impingement syndrome of the shoulder. Methods : The subjects were 30 patients diagnosed with impingement syndrome of the shoulder. Thirty subjects are randomly assigned to each 3 different groups; Group 1. (exercise group), Group 2. (exercise+mobilization; EMOB group), Group 3. (exercise+mobilization with movement; EMWM group). The interventions were performed three times a week for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were goniometer, Biodex dynamometer, and Korean Kerlan Jobe shoulder-elbow (K-KJOC) scores. The ROM (external and internal rotation), muscle strength (external and internal rotation: 60 °/sec., 180 °/sec.), and functional performance were compared among the groups. Results : No significant difference was observed among the groups in the range of external rotation of the shoulder before and after the intervention, but the range of internal and total rotation was significantly increased in Group 2, 3 compared to Groups 1. Muscle strength of external and internal rotation (60 °/sec., 180 °/sec.) was not significantly different among Group 1, 2, 3, and functional performance was significantly increased in Group 2, 3 compared to Group 1. However, there was no significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3 in all measurements. Conclusion : An intervention with manual therapy such as EMOB and EMWM was more effective than exercise alone for rapid recovery from shoulder injury and improvement in functional performance. However, further efforts are needed to identify effects of specific interventions with manual therapy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a shoulder-strengthening exercise on muscle strength of shoulder flexors and extensors of caregivers. Methods: The study consisted of 19 caregivers (2 males and 17 females) employed by Medical Center B. All the participants took part in an 8-week shoulder muscle strengthening exercise, based on previous studies. In the first week, the subjects took part in a stretching exercise enhance the range of motion. In the second week, they participated in an exercise aimed at improving shoulder blade stability. From the third to seventh weeks, a resistance exercise of different intensities was applied in a phased manner. Finally, in the eight week, the subjects took part in plyometric exercise. Peak torque, average power, and total work of shoulder flexors and extensors in both sides were measured before and after the exercise at an angular speed of 120deg/sec using an isokinetic device. Wilcoxon's singed-ranks test was conducted to analyze differences in muscle strength before and after the intervention. Results: After the exercise, there was a significant improvement in peak torque and average power of flexors of the right arm. After the exercise, peak torque, total work, and average power showed a significant improvement in the flexors of the left arm (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in extensor muscle strength in either arm after the exercise. Conclusion: Shoulder flexors of caregivers are utilized frequently in the workplace. Implementation of extensor-strengthening exercises, in addition to flexor-strengthening exercises, can contribute to reducing the incidence rate of shoulder injuries among caregivers.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2012

This study is to compare muscle strength between isotonic exercise and isotonic & isokinetic exercise. Participants are 12-man and 10-woman whom they are healthy without medical history in shoulder, elbow and lumbar joint. We performed experiment total 4-weeks that exercise 3-days a week each exercise pattern. We measured shoulder, elbow and lumbar joint torque with BIODEX and circumference of muscle in upper arms once a week. The result showed that isotonic & isokinetic exercise pattern significantly more improved joint torque in shoulder, elbow, lumbar than isotonic exercise pattern. Because that isotonic & isokinetic exercise pattern supplied muscle strengthen and caused muscle contraction. This exercise pattern can be used new exercise training method for major athlete and normal people. Also this pattern can be used rehabilitation treatment.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2010

Purpose : To identify whether isometric shoulder horizontal extension (ISHE) exercise could sufficiently activate the lumbar multifidus muscle, and to determine appropriate exercise intensity to increase muscle strength. Methods : Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) participated in this study. ISHE exercises on the dominant side were performed with $90^{\circ}$ shoulder abduction held in $90^{\circ}$ elbow flexion so that their arms were in the horizontal plane. Electromyographic (EMG) measurements of multifidus activation were performed in standing and supine positions, and were taken under four strength conditions: 75%, 50% and 25% of maximum shoulder horizontal extension strength, and maximum strength. Results : The EMG activations of both lumbar multifidus increased significantly with ISHE exercises of larger % strength (p<.05). In their multifidus EMG data measured in standing and supine positions, men differed significantly in their 75%, 50% and 25% strength for both sides (p<.05), and women differed significantly in their 75%, 50% and 25% strength on their 5th lumbar vertebrae's left side, but 75% only for their 5th lumbar vertebrae's right side (p<.05). The EMG data of 5th lumbar vertebrae's left and 5th lumbar vertebrae's right sides appeared to differ significantly at all strength levels for men while standing, but only at the 25% level for women in the supine position (p<.05). These findings indicate that ISHE exercises can be considered a beneficial method to enhance the multifidus strength. Conclusion : This study provides useful information for further study in this field.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.975-976
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• 2011

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

이 연구는 12주간 재활 운동프로그램이 어깨 불안정성을 가진 고등학교 야구선수들의 관절가동범위와 근력에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 어깨 불안정성이 있는 것으로 판명된 재활 운동군 12명과 정상 운동군 13명을 선정하였다. 12주간 재활운동 참가 전·후 내·외회전 관절가동범위는 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였으며, 등속성 근력은 이원변량 분석(two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정 하였다. 관절가동범위는 불안정이 있는 우위측과 비-우위측 어깨의 경우 재활운동 전·후 내회전 ROM이 유의하게 증가했으며, Total ROM의 경우 불안정이 있는 우위측 어깨에서 재활운동 후 유의하게 증가했다. 등속성 근력의 경우 재활운동 후 내회전 근력이 각속도 180°/sec에서 유의하게 개선되었다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 12주간 재활운동 프로그램이 어깨 불안정성 환자의 ROM, 근력 개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 제한적 결과에 미루어 재활기간의 연장을 전제로 한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2019

Background: Sling exercises are frequently used for the rehabilitation process of patients with shoulder joint injuries, but research on the significant frequency intensity and appropriate treatment duration for sling exercises with local vibration stimulation is lacking. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sling exercise with vibration on shoulder range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, pain, and dysfunction in patients with a medical diagnosis of shoulder joint injury. Methods: Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to the experiment and control groups. Six sling exercises with and without 50 Hz vibrations were applied in the experiment and control groups, respectively. Each exercise consisted of 3 sets of 5 repetitions performed for 6 weeks. The assessment tools used included shoulder joint range of motion, muscle strength, pain level, and shoulder pain and disability index for functional disability. We conducted re-evaluations before and 3 and 6 weeks after intervention. The changes in the measurement variables were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The ROM of the external rotation of the shoulder joint had a significant interaction between the group and the measurement point (F=3.652, p<.05). In both groups, we found a significant increase in external rotation angle between the measurement points (p<.05). The flexor strength of the shoulder joint significant interaction between the group and the measurement point (F=4.247, p<.05). Both the experiment (p<.01) and control groups (p<.05) showed a significant increase in shoulder flexor strength at the measurement points. After 6 weeks of the interventions, both the groups showed significantly improved VAS (p<.01), SPADI (p<.01), and orthopedic tests (p<.01). However, there was no significant difference between the group and the measurement point in terms of the clinical outcomes observed. Conclusion: The sling exercise with local vibration of 50 Hz affected the external rotation of the shoulder range of motion and improved shoulder flexor strength in the patients with shoulder injuries. Therefore, we propose the use of the sling exercise intervention with vibration in the exercise rehabilitation of patients with shoulder joint injuries.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

Background: Patients after rotator cuff (RC) surgery experienced pain, weakness and limited of motion of the shoulder. Physical therapists have used heat therapy, electrotherapy, range of motion (ROM) exercise and other methods to treat patients after RC surgery. In addition, functional taping is also used to support joint movement and to increase shoulder joint stability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the initial effects of functional taping using non-elastic tape on pain, strength and ROM of the shoulder following RC surgery. Methods: Forty-eight patients with who underwent RC surgery volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, $n_1=25$) and a control group (CG, $n_2=23$). First, non-allergic tape was applied to the shoulder to prevent skin irritation. The EG applied functional taping using non-elastic tape and the CG applied sham taping using elastic tape. Assessment tools included the shoulder pain and disability index for functional activity score, visual analog scale for level of pain, shoulder muscle strength, hand grip strength and ROM testing. Results: Pain score in the both group significantly decreased (p<.05), and change in pain score of in the EG increased significantly than in the CG (p<.05). Shoulder strength and ROM in the both group significantly increased (p<.05). Especially external rotation and extension of the shoulder ROM in the EG increased significantly more than in the CG (p<.05), but the rate of change in the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that functional taping using non-elastic tape was initially effective in decreasing pain score level in patients with RC surgery.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2023

Purpose : This study was to verify the effectiveness of eccentric training and to make clinical recommendations on detailed application methods by comparing the effects of changes in acromiohumeral distance (AHD), pain intensity, muscle strength, and functional performance after applying a 12-week eccentric training program (ET group) or concentric training program (CT group) for patients with partial rotator cuff (supraspinatus) tears with moderate to severe shoulder pain. Methods : A total of 29 subjects were assigned to either the "ET group (n=15)" or the "CT group (n=14)" through simple randomization and were measured in the same way at baseline before intervention, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention. All subjects received a physical therapy program 12 sessions 3 times a week for the first 4 weeks, and physical therapy program, 12 sessions a week, from 4 weeks to 12 weeks, for a total 20 sessions. Ultrasound machine was used for AHD, visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity, electronic hand held dynamometer was used for muscle strength, Korean Constant shoulder score (K-CSS) used for functional performance. Results : AHD, pain intensity, and muscle strength did not show significant differences at 4 weeks, but improved numerically, and showed significant differences at 12 weeks (p<.05), showing superior results in the eccentric training group compared to the concentric training group. Functional performance showed significant changes at both 4 and 12 weeks (p<.05), and excellent results were also found in the eccentric training group. Conclusion : In patients with partial rotator cuff tears with moderate to severe shoulder pain, an eccentric training program increased acromiohumeral distance (AHD), reduced pain, and increased muscle strength. Therefore, it can be clinically presented as an intervention method that can quickly and effectively improve functional performance, which is the ultimate goal of physical therapy.