• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.85-89
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• 1999

Somatic embryogendesis is one of good examples of the basic research for plant embryo development as well as an important technique for plant biotechnology. This paper describes the direct somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng is reversely related to normal axis growth of zygotic embryos by the experiment of various chemical treatments. Under the normal growth condition, the apical tips of embryo axis produced an agar-diffusible substance, which suppressed somatic embryo development from cotyledons. Although the cells of zygotic embryos were released from the restraint of embryo axis, various factors were still involved for somatic embryo development. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the ultrastructure of cells of cotyledon epidermis markedly changed before initiation of embryonic cell division, probably indicating reprogramming events into the cells embryogenically determined state. Polar accumulation of endogenous auxin or cell-cell isolation by plasmolysis pre-treatment is the strong inducer for the somatic embryo development. The cells for the process of somatic embryogenesis might be determined by the physiological conditions fo explants and medium compositions. Direct somatic embryos from cotyledons fo ginseng were originated eithrer from single or multiple cells. The different cellular origin of somatic embryos was originated either from single or multiple cell. The different cellular origin of somatic embryos was depended on various developmental stages of cotyledons. Immature meristematic cotyledons produced multiple cell-derived somatic embryos, which developed into multiple embryos. While fully mature cotyledons produced single cell-derived single embryos with independent state. Plasmolysis pretreatment of cotyledons strongly enhanced single cell-derived somatic embryogenesis. Single embryos were converted into normal plantlets with shoot and roots, while multiple embryos were converted into only multiple shoots. GA3 or a chilling treatment was prerequisite for germination and plant conversion. Low concentration of ammonium ion in medium was necessary for balanced growth of root and shoot of plantlets. Therefore, using above procedures, successful plant regeneration of ginseng was accomplished through direct single embryogenesis, which makes it possible to produce genetically transformed ginseng efficently.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2005

This work described some essential factors necessary for micro-propagation of banana for mass production of synthetic seeds for germ plasm conservation, and how peroxides activity of conserved tissue was influenced. Shoot tips of field grown plants were used to obtain shoot clusters on shoot proliferation medium (MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP). Using longitudinally-split shoot tip technique, 18720, 8640, 7488, 2016 plantlets were obtained from one shoot tip of Maghraby, Grand Naine, Balady, and Williams, respectively, in six subculture, one month each, on solid medium. Shoot tips excised from in vitro grown plantlets were encapsulated in calcium-alginate beads and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for one month on half-strength MS basal medium without growth regulators or sugars. After one month all the viable-conserved synseeds formed shoots when they were transferred to MS basal medium, some of them showed synchronous formation of shoot and root systems in one week. Plants retrieved from encapsulated shoot tips were hardened off and transferred to soil.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2018

알스트로메리아는 경제적으로 중요한 절화 작물 중 하나이다. 그러나 낮은 증식률과 번식기간이 길고 바이러스 질병 감염이 높기 때문에 대량증식이 어렵다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 기내 조직배양을 이용한 대량증식 시스템 쳬계 확립이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 BA와 NAA 그리고 여러 가지 배지 고형제를 이용하여 알스트로메리아 최적의 생장 효율을 찾기 위하여 실험을 진행하였다. 먼저 BA 1.0 mg/L 와 NAA 0.1 mg/L를 첨가한 배지에서 무처리구에 비하여 신초 및 뿌리의 개수가 약 1.5배 증가하였고 비대한 신초와 뿌리를 나타내었다. 여러 가지 배지 고형제들 중 gelrite 0.25%를 첨가한 배지에서 타 처리구에 비해 최대 50% 향상된 길이를 나타내었고, 근경 개수 및 생체중 증가량에 있어서도 가장 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 알스트로메리아 신품종 개발 및 대량증식 시스템 체계 확립에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2008

할미꽃의 정단 분열조직배양에 의한 기내 효율적 미세번식에 미치는 식물생장조절물질의 효과를 조사하기 위해 2,4-D, NAA, kinetin, TDZ와 BA를 혼용처리한 MS배지에 정단분열조직을 배양하였다. 배지내 2,4-D와 kinetin, 2,4-D와 TDZ, NAA와 TDZ 혼용처리는 캘러스 유도에 효과적이지 못하였으나 NAA와 BA가 혼용 처리되었을 때 배발생적 또는 기관분화성 캘러스가 유도되었다. 특히 0.5mg/L NAA와 1.0mg/L BA 혼용처리된 MS 배지에서는 캘러스로부터 고빈도로(62%) 신초가 형성되어 캘러스 유도 및 신초형성에 적합하였다. 적합배지에 10% coconut water를 첨가하여 30일마다 계대배양 하므로 캘러스 증식률, 신초 분화율 및 신초 신장이 현저히 증가되었는데, 그 결과 절편체 당 평균 12.9개의 shoot bud를 분리할 수 있었다. 할미꽃 기내 유도된 식물체에서 뿌리는 쉽게 분화되지 못하였으나 9.0mg/L NAA 단용 또는 0.5mg/L NAA와 1.0mg/L BA 혼용처리된 MS배지에서 캘러스를 통해서만 분화되었다. 이들 뿌리는 동일 배지에서 캘러스유도 및 식물체 분화를 반복적으로 실시하는 시원체가 되기도 하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2024

Phytoremediation presents a low-carbon and eco-friendly solution for heavy metal-contaminated soils, which pose great health and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. A hydroponic culture was used to quantitatively assess the phytoremediation potential of plant species to remediate As or Cd-contaminated soil in field application. This study examined the growth, uptake, and distribution of Cd in the roots and shoots of Phalaris arundinacea and Brassica juncea in hydroponic conditions with Cd concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/L for 10 days. Additionally, Aster koraiensis and Pteris multifida were cultivated in hydroponic conditions containing As concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg/L for 10 days. The concentrations of Cd in the above-ground part and root tissues of P. arundinacea and B. juncea reached a maximum of 147.7 and 1926.7 mg/kg-D.W.(Dry Weight), and 351.6 and 11305.5 mg/kg-D.W., respectively. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for P. arundinacea and B. juncea were 68.9 and 122.3, respectively. Both species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) of less than 0.1, indicating their eligibility for phytostabilization. Aster koraiensis exhibited significant As accumulation of 155.1 and 1306.7 mg/kg D.W. in the above-ground part and root, respectively. However, this accumulation resulted with substantial weight loss and the manifestation of toxic symptoms. P. multifida exhibited higher accumulation of As (345.1 mg/kg-D.W.) in the fronds than in the roots (255.4 mg/kg-D.W.), corresponding to BCF values of 18.6 and 7.6, respectively, and a TF greater than 1.2. A TF value greater than 1.0 indicates that P. multifida is a viable option for phytoextraction.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.928-935
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• 2012

World Agriculture faces daunting challenges in feeding the growing population today. Reduction in arable land extent due to numerous reasons threatens achievement of food and nutritional security. Under this back ground, agricultural use of acidic soils, which account for approximately 40 % of the world arable lands is of utmost important. However, due to aluminum (Al) toxicity and low available phosphorous (P) content, crop production in acidic soils is restricted. Citrus, in this context, gains worldwide recognition as a crop adapted to harsh environments. The present paper reviewed Al toxicity and possible toxicity alleviation tactics in citrus. As reported for many other crops, inhibition of root elongation, photosynthesis and growth is experienced in citrus also due to Al toxicity. Focusing at toxicity alleviation, interaction between boron (B) and Al as well as phosphorus and Al has been discussed intensively. Al toxicity in citrus could be alleviated by P through increasing immobilization of Al in roots and P level in shoots rather than through increasing organic acid secretion, which has been widely reported in other crops. Boron-induced changes in Al speciation and/or sub-cellular compartmentation has also been suggested in amelioration of root inhibition in citrus. Despite the species-dependent manner of response to Al toxicity, many commercially important citrus species can be grown successfully in acidic soils, provided toxicity alleviation Agro-biological tactics such as addition of phosphorous fertilizers are used properly.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

고추냉이 (Wasabia japonica) 종자로부터 기내 무균상태 하에서 발아된 유묘에서 절취한 shoot-tip을 이용하여 대량증식 방법을 구명하기 위해 MS 기본배지에 BA 농도 및 반고체배지, filter paper bridge, 액체진탕배양 등의 배양방법을 달리하여 multi-shoot을 유도하였다. 1.0 mg/L BA가 들어있는 액체진탕배양에서 2주 동안 배양한 후 반고체배지에서 4주 동안 배양한 방법이 신초 수가 22.8개 그리고 신초의 길이가 3.5cm로 가장 양호한 결과를 보였으며 한 개의 shoot-tip으로부터 약 $5{\sim}11$개의 분할묘를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 부정근을 유도하고자 여러 가지 농도의 IBA 및 NAA가 함유된 반고체배지에서 9주간 배양한 결과 배양 4주 이후부터 부정근이 출현하기 시작하였다. IBA (0.01 mg/L)가 NAA처리 보다는 부정근 형성에 효과가 있었으나 위의 두 생장조절물질이 전혀 첨가되지 않은 배지가 90.0%의 부정근 형성율을 보이면서 가장 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 잎과 뿌리가 잘 발달된 재분화묘를 원예용상토 (bio-media Co., peatmoss $8{\sim}10%$, coir dust $66{\sim}70%$, zeolite $13{\sim}17%$, vermiculite $3{\sim}7%$, perlite $2{\sim}4%$)에 넣어 2주간 습도를 높게 유지시킨 후 육묘온실에서 순화시킨 결과 모든 개체가 정상적인 형태로 성장하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1998

직파 벼에서 몇가지 제초제의 약해에 대한 비료 3요소의 영향을 검토하기 위하여 일반계 품종인 동진벼(Oryza sativa L. japonica cv dongjin)를 공시하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비료 3요소와 각 요소 혼합용액에서 제초제 처리에 의한 벼의 생육 억제 반응은 질소 및 질소 + 칼리 용액에서는 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 과 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate처리에서 bensulfuron methyl과 bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate처리에서보다 전체적으로 경엽 및 근부의 생육 억제 정도가 컸다. 인산 및 인산+칼리용액에서는 bensulfuron methyl 및 bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate처리에서 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 및 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate처리보다 생육의 억제정도가 큰 편이었다. 또한 질소+인산 및 질소+인산+칼리용액에서는 경엽부는 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 및 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate처리에서 뿌리 부분은 bensulfuron methyl 및 bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate처리에서 생장억제율이 상대적으로 큰 경향이었다. thiocabamate계인 dimepiperate과 molinate의 처리는 전체 비료 용액에서 초장 신장을 억제시켰으며 근부는 질소+인산용액에서 생육이 가장 억제되었으나 대체로 억제정도는 경엽부보다 낮았다. pyrazosulfuron-ethyl과 bensulfuron methyl 및 그의 혼합 처리에서는 질소농도가 높을수록 생육 억제정도가 컸으며, 비료 3요소 중 인산 결핍시 생육 억제정도가 가장 큰 경향이었다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Simple, reproducible, high frequency, improved plant regeneration protocol in Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) clones, WIMCO199 and L34, has been reported. Initially, aseptic cultures established from axillary buds of nodal segments from mature plus trees on MS liquid medium supplemented with $0.25mg\;1^{-1}$ KIN and $0.25mg\;1^{-1}$ IAA. Nodal and internodal segments were found to be extra-prolific over shoot apices during course of aseptic culture establishment, while $0.25mg\;1^{-1}$ KIN concentration played a stimulatory role in high frequency plant regeneration. Diverse explants, such as various leaf segments, internodes, and roots from in vitro raised cultures, were employed. Direct plant regeneration was at high frequency of 92% in internodes, 88% in leaf segments, and 43% in root segments. This led to the formation of multiple shoot clusters on established culture media with rapid proliferation rates. Many-fold enhanced shoot elongation and growth of the clusters could be achieved on liquid MS medium supplemented with borosilicate glass beads, which offer physical support for proliferating shoots leading to faster growth in comparison to semi-solid agar or direct liquid medium. SEM examination of initial cultures confirmed direct plant regeneration events without intervening calli. In vitro regenerated plants induced roots on half-strength MS medium with $0.15mg\;1^{-1}$ IAA. Rooted 5- to 6-week-old in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into a transgenic greenhouse in pots containing 1:1 mixture of vermicompost and soil at $27{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for hardening and acclimatization. 14- to 15-week-old well-established hardened plants were transplanted to the field and grown to maturity. The mature in vitro raised poplar trees exhibited a high survival rate of 85%; 4-year-old healthy trees attained an average height of 8 m and an average trunk diameter of 25 cm and have performed well under field conditions. The regeneration protocol presented here will be very useful for undertaking genetic manipulation, providing a value addition to Eastern Cottonwood propagation in future.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 1987

상수리나무(Quercus acutissima) 1년생(年生) 실생묘(實生苗)의 액아(腋芽)를 배양(培養)하여 얻은 기내(器內) shoot를 상(上) 중(中) 하(下)의 세 부분(部分)으로 나누어 다경유도(多莖誘導), 발근(發根) 및 풋트이식시(移植時) 활착율(活着率)을 조사(調査)하였다. 다경유도(多莖誘導)는 하부(下部)>중간부(中間部)>상부(上部)의 순(順)으로 양호(良好)하였으며 하부(下部)를 배양시(培養時) WPM+$1.0g/{\ell}$ BAP+$0.1g/{\ell}$ NAA에서 배양(培養) 4주후 액아(腋芽) 1개(個)에서 평균(平均) 6.2개(個)의 줄기가 유도(誘導)되었다. 발근율(發根率)은 다경유도(多莖誘導)와 반대현상(反對現象)을 보여 상부(上部)>중간부(中間部)>하부순(下部順)으로 양호(良好)하였다. IBA $0.2mg/{\ell}$를 같이 첨가(添加)할 경우 1/2 MS 배지(培地)가 GD배지(培地)보다 발근(發根)이 빠르게 이루어 졌으며 뿌리도 양호(良好)하였고 상부(上部)줄기의 경우(境遇) 1/2 MS 배지(培地)에서 100%의 발근율(發根率)을 보였으며, sucrose 농도별(濃度別) 1/2 MS+IBA $0.2mg/{\ell}$ 배지(培地)에서의 발근시험결과(發根試驗結果)는 sucrose 3~6% 농도(濃度)에서 양호(良好)하였다. 활착율(活着率)에 있어서는 상부(上部)줄기의 발근묘(發根苗)가 양호(良好)하였고(50%) 중(中) 하부(下部)는 생존(生存)하지 못하였다. 활착(活着)된 묘목(苗木)은 조기낙엽현상(早期落葉現象)이 관찰(觀察)되었으나 10개월(個月)까지 생존(生存)하고 있다. 위의 결과(結果)로 상부(上部)는 발근(發根)시켜 pot묘(苗) 생산(生産)에 이용(利用)하고 중(中) 하부(下部) 줄기는 연속증식(連續增殖)에 이용(利用)함이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.