• ALGAE
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Marked declines in seagrass meadows are increasingly being reported from coasts around Korea and many regions of the world. The transplantation of seagrasses has been attempted to mitigate and control their degradation from a range of anthropogenic factors. In this study, Zostera marina shoots, which were collected from a donor bed in Koje Bay, were transplanted in Jindong Bay in December 2004. In 2008, a comparative investigation of shoot morphology, growth, and reproduction strategy of Z. marina was carried out between the donor and transplant sites to assess their adaptation success. Shoot height, individual shoot weight, and leaf productivity at the transplant site were significantly greater than those at the donor site. However, below-/aboveground tissue ratio was significantly lower at the transplant site compared to the donor site. Z. marina survival was maintained through vegetative reproduction, while peak season for lateral shoot recruitment was late winter for both donor and transplant site populations. However, vegetative reproduction mainly occurred during late winter and spring at the transplant site, whereas lateral shoots were evident across all seasons except late spring in the donor site. More pronounced seasonal variations were found at the transplant site compared to the donor site. These results indicate that Z. marina populations at the two sites possess distinct phenotypic variations induced by different environmental conditions, and Z. marina transplants have adapted well to the new transplant environment.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2015

Certain bacterial species associate with plant roots in soil. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth and yield in greenhouse and field. Here, we examined whether application of known bacilli PGPR strains stimulated growth and asexual reproduction in the succulent plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Four PGPR strains B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a, B. cereus BS107, B. pumilus INR7, and B. subtilis GB03 were applied to young plantlets by soil-drenching, and plant growth and development was monitored for three months. Aerial growth was significantly stimulated in PGPR-inoculated plants, which was observed as increases in plant height, shoot weight, and stem width. The stimulated growth influenced plant development by increasing the total number of leaves per plant. Treatment with bacilli also increased the total root biomass compared with that of control plants, and led to a 2-fold increase in asexual reproduction and plantlet formation on the leaf. Collectively, our results firstly demonstrate that Bacillus spp. promote vegetative development of K. daigremontiana, and the enhanced growth stimulates asexual reproduction and plantlet formation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Evolutionary studies conducted on NAC (NAM, ATAF1&2, and CUC2) genes for all major groups of land plants, indicate the presence of the NAC subfamilies, even in the early land plants. The varied roles played by NAC proteins in plant growth and development range from the formation of shoot apical meristem, floral organ development, reproduction, lateral shoot development, and defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering the value and importance of solanaceous crops, the study of NAC proteins in these plants needs to be intensified. This will help to identify and functionally characterize their promoters, which will subsequently aid in engineering plants with improved performance under stressful conditions. In this review, the functionally characterized NAC transcription factors specific to tomato, potato, tobacco, chili pepper and eggplant (aubergine) are summarized, clearly indicating their biological functions in the defense mechanism of the plants, against biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2011

The gesneriaceous perennial plant Titanotrichum oldhamii has beautiful foliage and attractive bright yellow flowers. However, breeding of T. oldhamii by conventional sexual hybridization may be difficult because sexual reproduction of this species is very rare. In the present study, plant regeneration systems via both direct and indirect formation of adventitious shoots from leaf explants were established as the first step toward breeding T. oldhamii by using biotechnological techniques. Adventitious shoots were formed efficiently on medium containing $0.1mg\;l^{-1}$ benzyladenine. Histological observation showed that shoot formation on this medium occurred directly from leaf epidermal cells without callus formation. On the other hand, leaf explants formed calluses on medium containing $0.1mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The calluses could be maintained by monthly subculturing to fresh medium of the same composition. When the calluses were transferred to plant growth regulator-free medium, they formed adventitious shoots. Directly and indirectly formed shoots rooted well on medium containing $0.1mg\;l^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid. Plantlets thus obtained were successfully acclimatized and grew vigorously in the greenhouse. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that no variation in the ploidy level was observed in plants regenerated via direct shoot formation, whereas chromosome doubling occurred in several plants regenerated via indirect shoot formation. Regenerated plants with the same ploidy level as the mother plants showed almost the same phenotype as the mother plants, whereas chromosome-doubled plants showed apparent morphological alterations: they had small and crispate flowers, and round and deep green leaves.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1096-1103
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• 2019

UCB-1 is the commercial rootstock of pistachio. Reproduction of this rootstock by tissue culture is limited by low levels of proliferation rate. Therefore, any compound that improves the proliferation rate and the quality of the shoots can be used in the process of commercial reproduction of this rootstock. Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria is one of the best ideas. Given the beneficial effects of nanoparticles in enhancement of the growth in plant tissue cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nanoencapsulation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (using silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes) and their metabolites in improving UCB1 pistachio micropropagation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Before planting, treatments on the DKW medium were added. The results showed that the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens VUPF5 and Bacillus subtilis VRU1 nanocapsules significantly enhanced the root length and proliferation. The nanoformulation of the VUPF5 metabolite led to the highest root length (6.26 cm) and the largest shoot (3.34 cm). Inoculation of explants with the formulation of the metabolites (both bacterial strains) significantly elevated the average shoot length and the fresh weight of plant compared to the control. The explants were dried completely using both bacterial strains directly and with capsule coating after the three days.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

수생 정수식물인 매자기(Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray)의 화력학과 개체군 변화를 규명하여 연안대식생의 복원에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 경남 창녕군 우포늪에서 2006년 3월부터 2006년 11월까지 매자기의 계절에 따른 생장 특성 및 부위별 생물량을 조사하고 화분 재배 실험을 병행하여 실시하였다. 매자기는 우포늪의 우포, 목포, 사지포, 쪽지벌, 토평천 상.하류 등에 고루 분포하는데, 특히 목포의 밀도가 높았다. 매자기의 생육이 왕성한 시기 중 5월 28일 조사에서 매자기의 분포 수심은 9~49cm 범위였는데, shoot 밀도는 수심 26~49cm에서 높았고, $m^2$당 shoot 밀도는 평균 119이며, 초장은 평균 122.3cm이었다. 지하부의 괴경 밀도는 104.5개/$0.25m^2$으로 생존 괴경은 84.2%이고 사망 괴경은 15.8%였다. 생존 괴경의 평균 생중량은 3.0g인데, 1~4g의 괴경이 57.9%로 가장 많았다. 생존 괴경 중 이미 발아한 괴경은 43.8%였으며, 새싹이 1개(29.0%)인 것이 가장 많았고, 7~9g 및 10g 이상의 괴경에서 발아율이 높았다. 재배 실험에서는 8월초에 shoot 밀도가 발아괴경과 휴면 괴경에서 각각 13.5 및 8.7로 최대치를 나타내었다. 현지 조사에서는 매자기의 shoot 밀도가 태풍 피해 이전에는 대체로 비슷한 수준을 유지하다가 태풍 '에위니아(Ewiniar)'로 인한 침수 후 모두 고사하였고 11월에 급격히 증가하였다. 초장은 재배 실험에서 100~116cm 및 현지 조사에서 60~170cm까지 생장하였다. 생육기 말에 화분에서 재배한 매자기의 생물량 분배 비율은 발아 괴경을 식재한 화분에서 줄기 8.9%, 잎 6.6%, 화서 0%, 지하부 84.5% 등이고, 휴면 괴경을 식재한 화분에서는 줄기 7.1%, 잎 7.1%, 화서 0%, 지하부 85.8% 등으로서 모두 지하부의 비율이 높았다. 또한 생육기 말에 화분 속의 괴경 수가 1.4~4.1배 증가한 것으로 보아 매자기는 영양생식으로 주로 번식하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2018

천남성과에 속하는 Z antedeschia spp. 칼라는 절화로서 매우 인기가 높다. 다양한 색상을 지닌 유색칼라는 자연번식률이 낮고 고온에 취약하다는 문제로 식물 조직배양을 통한 대량 증식 체계를 확립하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 칼라 기내 식물체의 생육을 향상시키고자 타우린을 첨가하여 실험을 수행하였다. 식물 생장 효과로 타우린을 20 mg/L 첨가했을 때 다신초는 54.0 %의 발생을 보였고, 생체중은 17.2배가 증가하여 가장 높은 효율을 보였다. 식물 생장에 악영향을 주는 갈변화에서는 타우린 20 mg/L 처리구가 16.0 %로 무처리구의 39.2 %보다 약 2배 이상의 갈변이 억제된 것을 보였다. 타우린은 전반적인 칼라 식물 생장을 촉진시켜 칼라 경정의 대량 증식체계 확립에 긍정적인 영향을 줌으로써 우량품종의 효율적인 대량증식 및 농가 소득 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2003

제주특산 식물인 섬오갈피나무(Acanthopanax koreanum NAKAI)의 다량증식을 위하여 번식방법 및 유묘 생육 상황을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자는 15 에서 60일간 후숙시킨 다음 Kinetin 50ppm에서 24시간 침지후 5 에서 60일간 저온처리 하여 휴면타파한 것이 발아율 64%였다. 2. 녹지삽에서 호르몬 농도처리시 발근율은 IBA 100ppm에서 61.7%, NAA 50ppm에서 56.7%, IAA 100ppm에서 60.0%였다. 3. 녹지삽목에서 상토재료별 루톤 분의 처리 시 발근율은 송이+원예상토에서 76.7%, 비화산회토양에서 66.7%로 효과적 이었다. 4. 3월 30일 삽목하여 8월 10일 정식묘에서 활착율은 75%, 차광망 설치구에서 96%로 좋았으며 지상부 생육상황은 55% 차광망 설치구에서 좋았다. 5. 9월 30일 삽목하여 다음해 5월 2일 정식묘에서 활착율은 55% 차광망 설치구에서 91%로 좋았으며, 생육 및 수량성은 55% 차광망 설치구에서 양호하였다. 6. 전정부위에 따른 줄기 재생력은 지상 30cm 높이에서 전정한 것이 생육이 좋았다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

The interplay of plant hormones is one of the essential mechanisms for plant growth and development. A recent study reported that Brassinosteroids (BR) and ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) interact antagonistically in early seedling developments through the BR-mediated epigenetic repression of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3). However, the other physiological roles of the BR-mediated regulation of ABI3 and ABA responses beyond early seedling developments remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that the activation of BR signaling by high temperatures promotes flowering time through the suppression of ABI3 expressions. Elevated ambient temperature induced early flowering in wild type Col-0 plants, but not in BR-defective bri1-116 mutant plants. Conversely, a hyper BR biosynthetic dwf4-D mutant displayed more sensitive thermomorphic long shoot elongation and early flowering. Both expression patterns and physiological responses supported the biological roles of ABI3 in the regulation of floral transition and reproduction under high temperature conditions. Finally, we confirmed that the lowered expressions of the transcript and protein levels of ABI3 brought on by elevated temperature were correlated with warmth-induced early flowering phenotypes. In conclusion, our data suggest that the BR- and warmth-mediated regulation of ABI3 are important in thermomorphic reproductive phase transitions in plants.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2016

Structural differentiation of the connective stalk in giant duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, was examined to reveal the anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics within reduced shoot. The study focuses primarily on structural features of the connective stalk (CT), which connect offspring to their mother fronds. Photoautotrophic offspring fronds remained connected by stalks to mother fronds in the reproductive pockets until separation. The CT originated from the meristematic region of the abaxial frond and joined the fronds laterally with two abscission layers. The most notable features of the CT were polymorphic mitochondria, random occurrences of fibrillar structures in intercellular spaces, and great variability in cell wall thickness. Vascular tissues in CTs were highly reduced, demonstrating only a central vascular strand. Grana with 2 to 4 thylakoids and starch grains were found in the chloroplasts. A chlorophyll assay indicated high chlorophyll concentrations in daughter fronds and low concentrations in CTs. The frond and CT, while physically connected to each other, functioned independently. Despite great reduction in S. polyrhiza, the CT has proven to be very efficient for separating offspring from the mother frond, which lends to its capacity for rapid vegetative reproduction. The ultrastructural aspects of CTs in S. polyrhiza were characterized for the first time in this study.