• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

A natural, tidal-flat clone of Zoysia sinica was studied to compare ramet growth properties in central area with in peripheral area. In new stolon and rhizome, internode length, weight, shoot height and weight, and spike production were monitored on July 25, 2004. The weight/height rate of shoot between stolon and rhizome, the shoot/stolon (or rhizome) rate in weight between central and peripheral area were not different. However, other properties differed in stolon from rhizome or between central and peripheral area significantly differed: 1. The rhizome in central area had a larger node number, shorter internode length, higher shoot height, larger shoot biomass, and higher rate of non-shoot nodes than that in peripheral area. 2. The stolon in central area had a smaller node number, shorter internode length, and smaller biomass than that in peripheral area. 3. In the same area, the rhizome had a larger node number (except for central area), shorter internode, higher shoot height, larger shoot biomass, higher rate of non-shoot node, and higher rate of node having over two shoots than the stolon. No relationship could be found between shoot size and spike production in shoot on vertical rhizome (lower node of old shoot).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of $AgNO_3$ influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of $AgNO_3$ also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding $AgNO_3$ to the medium. Two mg/L $AgNO_3$ appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2014

A natural population of Adonis multiflora, a spring ephemeral herb growing in temperate deciduous forests, was studied to determine the seed production characteristics. Plant size, flowering time, and seed number were monitored from February 2009 to May 2011 in main growing season (i.e., from March through May). The biomass rates of the shoot and the root in the A. multiflora population were 22-24% and 76-78%, respectively, and the biomass of the root was proportional to that of the shoot. The flowering rate was 60% in the plants with 1 to 2 g of shoot biomass, and 100% in the plants with >2 g of shoot biomass. In the plants with root biomass between 4 and 6 g, the flowering rate was 43% and, in the plants with the root biomass over 8 g, it was 100%. The shoot biomass was a better predictor of the flower production probability than the root biomass. The number of flowers and seeds was closely correlated to shoot biomass at 1% significance level. The size of the plant that produced seed excessively instead of the shoot biomass in one year typically decreased in the next year and vice versa. The flowering time and its duration were closely related to the number of faithful seeds but not to that of total seeds. The number of faithful seeds was proportionate to flowering duration and inversely proportionate to flowering time (year day, YD). In a plant, the number of faithful seeds noticeably decreased with the inflorescence (i.e., order of flower in a plant), and this difference between the two successive flowers was significant at the 1% level between the first and the third flower in 2009 and 2011 but not between the third and the fourth. However, the number of total seeds was mostly similar in the first through the fourth flower for all three years.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1996

청양재래와 유성 2호 2품종을 공시하여 원줄기를 10cm로 고정시키고, 구기순 채취길이를 20cm, 30cm, 40cm로 달리 하였을 때 구기자나무의 생육적 특성 및 구기순의 수량을 알아봄으로써 구기순 재배에 필요한 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행한 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유성2호가 청양재래에 비해 구기순 수, 구기순당 엽수, 주당 총엽수, 수확횟수는 많았고 구기순의 굵기는 굵었으나 엽장, 엽폭은 작았다. 2. 청양재래의 구기순 채취횟수는 4.5회이었으나 유성2호는 5.5회로서 청양재래보다 1회 더 채취할 수 있었다. 3. 구기순의 건물중은 $1.01{\sim}1.03g$이었고, 줄기 : 엽비율은 46 : 54로 엽비율이 8% 높았다. 4. 구기순의 수량은 청양재래가 $108{\sim}204kg/10a$이고 유성 2호는 $215{\sim}383kg/10a$ 이었으며, 유성 2호는 년차간의 수량 증감폭이 적어 재식 당년의 수량을 기대할 수 있었다. 5. 청양재래의 구기순 수를 제외한 공시품종의 각 생육형질은 수량과 고도의 정(正)의 상관적이었으며, 유성 2호의 구기순 수는 주당 총엽수를 제외한 각 생육형질 및 수량과 부(負)의 상관이 있었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out in order to study the changes of morphological characters of growth and thatch accumulation in perennial ryegrass as affected by the different levels of soil compaction and coring depth. Soil compactions were treated with 10, 20, 30 and 40kg power roller and artificial core depth were 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0cm under the ground, respectively. And, artificial core space were fixed 84.5% in all soil compaction levels. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Relationship between number of tillers and root weight was positive significant difference for soil compaction levels. 2. Relationships between shoot dry weight and thatch weight, and number of tillers were positively significant difference for artificial core depths. It may indicate that thatch accumulation depend on the growth of shoot, and increase of shoot dry weight as growth progressed may due to increase of number of tillers, respectively. 3. Soil compaction level of 20kg was greatly influenced on the growth of shoot in all artificial soil depths. Thus, shoot dry weight and number of tillers were obtained the highest value, but thatch and root weight were obtained the lowest values at the soil compaction level of 20kg. It was suggested that soil compaction of 20kg is very suitable rolling factor for turf maintenance. 4. Thatch weight was positively significant difference for the interaction of soil compaction levelXcoring depth.5. Thatch weight was positive significant correlated with root weight, and negative significant correlated with number of tillers by increase of soil compaction levels.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2009

An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA ($0.5-8{\mu}M$) or Kn ($0.5-8{\mu}M$) alone or in combination with NAA ($0.5-1.5{\mu}M$). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with $4{\mu}M$ BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of $1{\mu}M$ NAA along with $4{\mu}M$ BA gave rise to an average number of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BA ($5{\mu}M$) and 2,4-D ($2{\mu}M$). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA ($2-15{\mu}M$) or Kn ($2-15{\mu}M$) alone or in combination with NAA ($0.5-2{\mu}M$) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented with $10{\mu}M$ BA and $1{\mu}M$ NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with NAA ($1-7{\mu}M$) or IBA ($1-7{\mu}M$). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

본 연구는 조직배양을 이용한 효율적인 블루베리의 묘생산 체계 개발을 위하여 수행되었다. 신초형성을 위한 초대배양을 위해서는 WPM 배지가 MS 배지보다 신초형성률, 마디수, 신초장 등에 있어서 유의적으로 우수하였다. 식물생장 조절제가 신초형성에 미치는 식물생장조절제의 영향을 조사하기 위해서는 zeatin(1, $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), 2iP(10, $15mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), 그리고 BA(4, $6mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 처리하였으며, 신초의 증식에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해서는 zeatin($0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), 2iP(10, $15mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), 그리고 BA($0.05mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 처리하였다. 신초형성에 미치는 결과는 zeatin 처리가 신초형성률, 마디수, 신초장 등에서 유의적으로 효과적이었다. 반면 무처리와 BA 처리에서는 신초가 형성되지 않았으며, 2iP 처리의 경우 신초형성률이 낮았다. 기내 삽목으로 생산된 블루베리 신초의 계대배양에 있어 신초 발생 및 생장에 미치는 영향은 zeatin을 농도별로 처리한 결과, 모든 농도에서 신초의 형성률과 형성된 신초의 개수는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않은 반면 zeatin의 농도가 증가할수록 신초의 마디수는 증가하나 신초장은 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 신초증식을 위한 적정한 zeatin 농도는 $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2002

Spikelet number per unit area(SPN) is a major determinant of rice yield. Nitrogen nutrition status and biomass during reproductive stage determine the SPN. To formulate a model for estimating SPN, the 93 field experiment data collected from widely different regions with different japonica varieties in Korea and Japan were analyzed for the upper boundary lines of SPN responses to nitrogen nutrition index(NNI), shoot dry weight and shoot nitrogen content at panicle initiation and heading stage. The boundary lines of SPN showed asymptotic responses to all the above parameters(X) and were well fitted to the exponential function of $f(X)=alphacdot{1-etacdotexp(gamma;cdot;X)}$. Excluding the constant, from the boundary line equation, the values of the equation range from 0 to 1 and represent the indices of parameters expressing the degree of influence on SPN. In addition to those indices, the index of shoot dry weight increase during reproductive stage was calculated by directly dividing the shoot dry weight increase by the maximum value ($800 extrm{g/m}^{-2}$) of dry weight increase as it showed linear relationship with SPN. Four indices selected by forward stepwise regression at the stay level of 0.05 were those for NNI ($I_{NNI}_P$) at panicle initiation, NNI($I_{NNI}_h$) and shoot dry weight($I_{DW}_h$) at heading stage, and dry weight increase($I_{DW}$) between those two stages. The following model was obtained: SPN=48683ㆍ $I_{DWH}$$^{0.482}$ㆍ $I_{NNIp}$$^{0.387}$ㆍ $I_{NNIH}$$^{0.318}$ㆍ $I_{DW}$ $^{0.35}$). This model accounted for about 89% of the variation of spikelet number. In conclusion this model could be used for estimating the spikelet number of japonica rice with some confidence in widely different regions and thus, integrated into a rice growth model as a component model for spikelet number estimation.n.n.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1998

정단 및 마디조직을 이용한 지황의 기내증식방안을 마련하기 위하여 일련의 시험을 실시하였다. 재생된 신초의 정단을 재배양하였을 경우 BA 5.0 mg/L에서 7.8개의 신초가 형성되었으며 투명화된 묘의 발생은 Gelrite 보다는 Bacto-agar 첨가구에서 감소하였다. 광도와 한천의 농도가 증가할수록 신초형성수 및 생장은 억제되었고 생체중 : 건물중의 비율도 감소하였다. 광도가 2000 lx일 때는 Bacto-agar 0.6-1.2%, 3,000 lx에서는 한천 0.4-0.6%에서 건전한 신초를 10개 이상 생산할 수 있었다. 활성탄소 0.1-0.3%첨가는 신초의 생장촉진과 뿌리형성에 촉진적으로 작용하였으며 투명화 발생률도 감소시켰으나 신초형성수는 현저히 감소시켰다. MS배지내 첨가되는 다량원소의 농도를 0.8-1.0배 하였을때 신초형성수 및 생장이 촉진되었다. 기관형성에 미치는 오옥신의 종류 및 농도별 효과를 조사한 결과 NAA나 IBA 보다는 IAA 0.3mg/L 와 BA 5.0mg/L를 혼합처리 하였을 때 증식률이 16배에 달하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

Root and shoot development of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different genetic backgrounds was studied with reference to their relative growth. Tongil type (indica-japonica hybrid) cultivar 'Kuemkangbyeo' and japonica cultivar 'Koshihikari' were grown in $5000^{-1}$ a Wagnar pots under flooded condition. Three plants with roots of both cultivars were taken in every phyllochron through the heading stage to record morphological characteristics of shoot and root system. Compared to Koshihikari, Kuemkangbyeo produced more tillers and had greater shoot weight and leaf area per hill. Length and weight of the root system in both cultivars increased exponentially with time. At the same time, root system development was significantly faster in Kuemkangbyeo than in Koshihikari after the panicle initiation stage. As a result, Kuemkangbyeo has a vigorous root system which consists of larger number of nodal roots compared to Koshihikari. Also, the root length and weight per unit leaf area of Kuemkangbyeo were larger than those of Koshihikari in the later half of growing period, which suggests possible higher physiological activity of the root system of Kuemkangbyeo which is known as a high-yielding cultivar. The relationship between root traits (crown root number, total root length, and root dry weight) and shoot traits (leaf area and leaf+culm dry weight) in both cultivars closely showed allometry until the flag leaf stage.