• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

A natural, tidal-flat clone of Zoysia sinica was studied to compare ramet growth properties in central area with in peripheral area. In new stolon and rhizome, internode length, weight, shoot height and weight, and spike production were monitored on July 25, 2004. The weight/height rate of shoot between stolon and rhizome, the shoot/stolon (or rhizome) rate in weight between central and peripheral area were not different. However, other properties differed in stolon from rhizome or between central and peripheral area significantly differed: 1. The rhizome in central area had a larger node number, shorter internode length, higher shoot height, larger shoot biomass, and higher rate of non-shoot nodes than that in peripheral area. 2. The stolon in central area had a smaller node number, shorter internode length, and smaller biomass than that in peripheral area. 3. In the same area, the rhizome had a larger node number (except for central area), shorter internode, higher shoot height, larger shoot biomass, higher rate of non-shoot node, and higher rate of node having over two shoots than the stolon. No relationship could be found between shoot size and spike production in shoot on vertical rhizome (lower node of old shoot).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2004

The response of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations caused significant change in root number, root length, coleoptile length, shoot length and leaf age of seedlings. The genotypic difference in the effect of DO also highly significant (P<0.01) for all of the seedling traits. The number and length of root were extremely inhibited at the condition of $0.39\pm0.09$ DO concentration. While the coleoptile elongated markedly in the lowest DO concentrations, the shoot did not develop. The root growth was improved slightly at the $1.39\pm0.27mg L^{-1}$, however, there were no difference among genotypes at these two low DO concentrations. As the DO concentration become higher, the growth of root and shoot was improved remarkably. Root number, root length and shoot length was significantly different between $20\;and\;30^{\circ}C$ in DO rich and normal conditions, the development of those traits were apparently accelerated in high water temperature, however those traits of seedlings in DO deficiency were not different between the two temperatures except for shoot length. On the other hand the coleoptile length was not affected by the stagnant water temperature; it was stimulated by the low DO concentration. The competition of DO was greater as the seedling density was increased in the stagnant water, therefore the seedlings grown under high density have long and white coleoptiles, and the growth of roots and shoots was retarded severely.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

Root and shoot development of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different genetic backgrounds was studied with reference to their relative growth. Tongil type (indica-japonica hybrid) cultivar 'Kuemkangbyeo' and japonica cultivar 'Koshihikari' were grown in $5000^{-1}$ a Wagnar pots under flooded condition. Three plants with roots of both cultivars were taken in every phyllochron through the heading stage to record morphological characteristics of shoot and root system. Compared to Koshihikari, Kuemkangbyeo produced more tillers and had greater shoot weight and leaf area per hill. Length and weight of the root system in both cultivars increased exponentially with time. At the same time, root system development was significantly faster in Kuemkangbyeo than in Koshihikari after the panicle initiation stage. As a result, Kuemkangbyeo has a vigorous root system which consists of larger number of nodal roots compared to Koshihikari. Also, the root length and weight per unit leaf area of Kuemkangbyeo were larger than those of Koshihikari in the later half of growing period, which suggests possible higher physiological activity of the root system of Kuemkangbyeo which is known as a high-yielding cultivar. The relationship between root traits (crown root number, total root length, and root dry weight) and shoot traits (leaf area and leaf+culm dry weight) in both cultivars closely showed allometry until the flag leaf stage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 1989

This experiment was to study the relationship between shoot and root system in perennial ryegrass at different stages of growth. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The dry weight of shoot was significantly correlated with the dry weight of root at both stages of growth. 2. The yield components of shoot and root systems were changed by the stages of growth. Thus, the dry weights of shoot and root were positive correlated with the number of tillers and roots at 60 days after sowing. But, the dry weights of shoot and root were positive correlated with the dry weight of root, the dry weight of tiller, length of plant and length of root at 90 days after sowing. 3. Maprirna variety was obtained a higher dry weights of shoot and root at 60 days after sowing, but, Alta variety was obtained at 90 days after sowing, respectively. 4. The dry weight of shoot was positive correlated with leaf area at both stages of growth. 5. The dry weight of shoot was significantly negative correlated with specific leaf weight at 60 days after sowing, but positive correlated with specific leaf weight at 90 days afikr sowing. 6. The dry weight of root was smcantly positive correlated with leaf area at 60 days after sowing, but not recognized at 90 days after sowing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

The Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata, which are said to be relatively drought tolerant among the important genus Quercus that represent deciduous broad-leaved forests in Korea. These two species are widely distributed worldwide in Korea, Japan and China (northern, central, western and eastern subtropical regions). This study compared the ecological niche breadth and overlap according to growth response in 4 soil moisture gradients for the two species and tried to reveal degree of competition and ecological niche characteristics. The ecological niche breadth was 0.977±0.020 for Q. variabilis and 0.979±0.014 for Q. dentata, the latter being slightly wider. And they were similar in 5 traits (stem length, leaf lamina length, leaf width length, stem weight, leaf petiole weight), Q. variabilis was more dominant in 4 traits (leaves number, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf petiole length), and Q. dentata was more dominant in 7 traits (root length, shoot length, plant weight, root weight, shoot weight, leaf weight, leaf petiole weight). The ecological niche overlap for soil moisture between the two species overlapped most in plant structure-related traits and least in photosynthetic organ-related traits such as petiole length. As a result of principal component analysis, degree of competition between the two species for soil moisture was more severe when the soil moisture condition was low than high. Among the measured traits that affect the two-dimensional distribution, 8 traits (Leaves number, Shoot length, Stem length, Plant weight, Root weight, Shoot weight, Stem weight, Leaves weight) were correlated with the factor 1, and 2 traits (Leaf width length, Leaf petiole weight) were correlated with the factor 2 (r>0.5). These results show that the ecological response of the two species to soil moisture is not a few traits involved, but several traits are involved simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.515-518
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• 1998

The effect of ethylene on the proliferation of rhizomes and plant regeneration were investigated from rhizome segment culture of Cymbidium niveo-marginatum. Ethylene levels in the rhizome culture vessels were reached a maximum after 8 days of culture; total amount of ethylene evolution was much on the initiation of shoot induction than of rhizome proliferation. The treatment with ethephon on rhizomes was inhibited in the proliferation of rhizome and the growth of shoot length; however, the treatment was effective on shoot induction from rhizomes. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine(AVG) 1mg/L was effective on the proliferation of rhizomes and shoot induction from them; however, the proliferation of them was inhibited, and the growth of shoot length was significantly promoted at the concentration of 10mg/L AVG. The presence of $\textrm{AgNO}_{3}$ inhibited in the proliferation of rhizomes and shoot induction from them.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2019

Efficient protocol for plant shoot regeneration of Brassica juncea L. CZERN was established by using organic media components and growth stimulating factors of the vermicompost and coelomic fluids. Formulated organic plant tissue culture media (Vermicompost (30%) extracts supplemented with 20 mL/L coelomic fluid) have shown maximum shoot regeneration when compared with the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, which were supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency from fourday-old germinated seedlings in comparison with non-germinated seedlings. The vermicompost extracts have proved to be the best organic plant growth media to induce shoots from cotyledons compared to the MS media. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.008) for the root length, shoot length (P=0.000350) and the leaves (P=0.375) of the mustard plantlets were analyzed successfully. The survival rate was 98% in the mustard cotyledons on the Vermicompost extract media and 63% on MS media respectively. The coelomic fluid also is much suitable to induce shoots from cotyledons at lower concentrations. It was also shown that the vermicompost extract, which comprised of humic acids along with coelomic fluid, affected shoot regeneration from the cotyledons. An efficient and organic shoot regeneration study was standardized and it can be applicable in the improvement of the economically important crops.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1996

Effects of varieties and cutting lengths of Chinense Martrimony Vine on the growth characteristics and the yield of green shoot were investigated in order to obtain the basic data The Yuseong-2 was observed higher in the number of green shoot per plant, of green shoot, but smaller in the length and the width of leaves than those of Cheongyang native. The number of green shoot was decreased in longer cutting length, but the other growth characteristics were increased. The dry weight of green shoot was $1.01{\sim}0.03g$ and the ratio of stem to leaf in green shoot was higher in leaf than that of stem, and the ratio was 46 : 54. The dry yield of green shoot was $108{\sim}204kg/10a$ in Cheongyang native and $215{\sim}363kg/10a$ Yuseong-2 and the dry yield of green shoot of Yuseong-2 may be expected in this planting year. Each growth characteristic of varieties was highly positive correlation with the yield except the number of green shoot of Cheongyang native. The number of green shoot of Yuseong-2 was nagative correlation with each growth characteristic and the yield except the number of total leaves per plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.141-144
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• 2001

To enhance the shoot induction efficiency from nodal stem of yooza, the culture conditions such as basal medium, carbohydrate source, solidifying agent and the optimum concentration of plant growth regulators for shoot induction were investigated. The nodal explants were cultured better on MS medium than on MT, SH, B5 or W media in considering of shoot induction rate and mean shoot length. Solidifying agent in medium was better with 0.8% agar than with 0.3% agar, 1.2% agarose or 0.2% gelrite. Carbohydrate source in shoot induction medium was efficient with 30 g/L sucrose. The optimum concentrations of plant growth regulators were determined that 0.1 mg/L NAA as auxin was effective on the shoot induction, and 1.0 mg/L BAP as cytokinin induced multiple shoots efficiently. Shoot induction was the most effective on MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L $GA_3$ in yooza.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1998

Well grown trees of ficus bengalensis produce one or more potential inhibitors of seed germination and seedling growth. The aqueous extract of ficus leaf and bark enhanced the shoot length aqueous leaf extract of F. bengalensis. Bark extract of F. bengalensis inhibited the shoot length and root length of the plant at high concentration. Both the bark and leaf extract inhibited the seed germination. The postemergence and preemergence treatment of bark and leaf extract of F. bengalensis reduced the shoot biomass. The result suggest that F. bengalensis may have potential allelochemicals which may be developed as natural herbicides.