• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to empirically investigate the asymmetric adjustment of loan and deposit interest rates among banks and non-bank depository institutions. Design/methodology/approach - We construct a VAR model using time series data comprising loan and deposit interest rates of banks and non-bank depository institutions, along with the call rate. Based on this model, we conduct impulse-response analysis and variance decomposition to investigate the dynamic relationship between the interest rates. Findings - In the case of banks and credit unions, the responses of deposit rates to the call rate are larger than the responses of loan rates, and we cannot find evidence of non-linear responses. In the case of savings banks, the responses of loan rates to the call rate are larger than the responses of deposit rates. The responses of loan rates to a positive call rate shock are statistically significant, while the responses of loan rates to a negative call rate shock are not statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - This study differs from previous research in that it examines the asymmetric response of loan and deposit rates of both banks and non-bank financial institutions to changes in the call rate. The implications for the impact of these findings on the financial system and income inequality are presented.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 1995

사구체내 단핵구의 침윤은 면역학적뿐 아니라 비면역학적 사구체 질환 발생 초기에 특징적으로 관찰된다. 단핵구에서 합성되는 대표적인 사이토 카인인 tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\alpha}$의 합성이 각종 사구체 질환과 관련되어 증가할 뿐 아니라 외부에서 투여한 $TNF{\alpha}$는 사구체 질환의 발생과 진행에 수반된 유사한 증세를 초래한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사구체 질환의 표적세포인 혈관간 세포를 이용하여 $TNF{\alpha}$에 의한 세포독성 기전을 검색하고자 하였다. 표준화된 체걸름법을 이용하여 사구체를 분리한후 collagenase로 처리하여 배양하므로써 혈관간 세포의 특징을 지닌 일차 배양 혈관간 세포계를 수립하였다. 세포독성의 지표로서 지질과산화물을 측정했을때, $TNF{\alpha}$는 용량의존적으로 배양 혈관간 세포의 지질과산화를 증가시켰다. 배양혈관간 세포를 $45^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 처리했을 때 heat shock protein 70의 합성이 증가함을 western 분석으로 확인하였을 뿐 아니라, $TNF{\alpha}$에 의한 지질과산화 증가를 효과적으로 억제함을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과는 $TNF{\alpha}$에 의한 지질과산화 증가가 사구체 질환의 발생이나 진행에 관하여할 수 있음과 고온 전처리에 의해서 heat shock 반응을 초래하므로써 $TNF{\alpha}$에 의한 사구체 손상을 보호할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2023

The present work is an attempt to develop a simple and accurate finite element formulation for the assessment of thermal shock/thermally induced vibrations in pretwisted and tapered functionally graded material thin (FGM) blades obtained from Voigt and local representative volume elements (LRVE) homogenization models, based on neutral surface approach. The neutral surface of the FGM blade does not coincide with its mid-surface. A finite element model (FEM) is developed using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the FGM turbine blade is modelled according to the shallow shell theory. The top and the bottom layers of the FGM blade are made of pure ceramic and pure metal, respectively and temperature-dependent material properties are functionally graded in the thickness direction, the position of the neutral surface also depends on the temperature. The material properties are estimated according to two different homogenization models viz., Voigt or LRVE. The top layer of the FGM blade is subjected to high temperature and the bottom surface is either thermally insulated or kept at room temperature. The solution of the nonlinear profile of the temperature in the thickness direction is obtained from the Fourier law of heat conduction in the unsteady state. The results obtained from the present FEM are compared with the benchmark examples. Next, the effect of angle of twist, intensity of thermal shock, variable chord and span and volume fraction index on the transient response due to thermal shock obtained from the two homogenization models viz., Voigt and LRVE scheme is investigated. It is shown that there can be a significant difference in the transient response calculated by the two homogenization models for a particular set of material and geometric parameters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3405-3409
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• 2013

The activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) can be induced by the changes in environmental pH, but the mechanism of HSF1 activation by acidification is not completely understood. This paper reports that a low pH (pH~6.0) can trigger human HSF1 activation. Considering the involvement of the imidazole group of histidine residues under acid pH stress, an in vitro EMSA experiment, Trp-fluorescence spectroscopy, and protein structural analysis showed that the residue, His83, is the essential for pH-dependent human HSF1-activation. To determine the roles of His83 in the HSF1-mediated stress response affecting the cellular acid resistance, mouse embryo fibroblasts with normal wild-type or mutant mouse HSF1 expression were preconditioned by heating or pH stress. The results suggest that His83 is essential for HSF1 activation or the HSF1-mediated transcription of heat shock proteins, in protecting cells from acid pH stress.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact shock wave and its attenuation, and the kinematic response of the lower extremity's joints to the impact shock during downhill running in which the lower extremity's extensor acts dominantly. For this study, fifteen subjects(mean age:$27.08{\pm}4.39$; mass:$76.30{\pm}6.60$; height:$177.25{\pm}4.11$) were required to run on the 0% grade treadmill and downhill grades of 7%, and 15% in random at speed of their preference. When the participant run, acceleration at the tibia and the sacrum and kinematic data of the lower extremity were collected for 20s so as to provide at least 5 strides for analysis at each grade. Peak impact accelerations were used to calculate shock attenuation between the tibia and sacrum in time domain at each grade. Fast Fourier transformation(FFT) and power spectral density(PSD) techniques were used to analyze impact shock factors and its attenuation in the frequency domain. Joint coordinate system technique was used to compute angular displacement of the ankle and knee joint in three dimension. The conclusions were drawn as fellows: 1. Peak impact accelerations of the tibia and sacrum in downhill run were greater than that of 0% grade run, but no significant between conditions. Peak shock of PSD resembled also in pattern of peak impact acceleration. The wave of impact shock attenuation between the tibia and sacrum decreased with increasing grade, but didn't find a significant difference between grade conditions. 2. Adduction/abduction, flexion/extention, and internal/external rotation of the ankle and knee joints at support phase between grade conditions didn't make much difference. 3. At grade of 7% and 15%, there were relationship between the knee of the flexion/extension movement and peak impact acceleration during heel strike and found also it in the ankle of plantar/dorsiflexion at grade of 15%.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

Purpose - This research examines the short-run and long-run effect of external shocks (oil price and exchange rate) on domestic food price in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology - Three variables are used in this research. The variables are food price index, Rupiah's exchange rate of Indonesia, and crude oil price from 1998 until 2015 using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results - The increasing of oil price and the depreciation of Rupiah's rate push the domestic food price in long-run, but do not impact significantly in short- term. The response of food price to oil prices shock and exchange rate shock are positive and persistent throughout the entire sample period. The exchange rate and oil price shocks have a small proportion explaining for the fluctuations of food price index but increasing over time. Conclusions - The policymaker should concern on solving the problem of oil price increase and depreciation of exchange rate on Indonesia's food price as they are important factors that can affect the price stability. The government should not rely on food imports because the price is strongly influenced by the movements in the exchange rate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4030-4048
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• 2022

In this study, road transportation tests were conducted with surrogate fuel assemblies under normal conditions of transport to evaluate the vibration and shock load characteristics of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The overall test data analysis was conducted based on the measured acceleration and strain data obtained from the speed bump, lane-change, deceleration, obstacle avoidance, and circular tests. Furthermore, representative shock response spectrums and power spectral densities of each test mode were acquired. Amplification or attenuation characteristics were investigated according to the load transfer path. The load attenuated significantly as it transferred from the trailer to the cask. By contrast, the load amplified as it transferred from the cask to the surrogate SNF assembly. The fuel loading location on the cask disk assembly did not exhibit a significant influence on the strain measured from the fuel rods. The principal strain was in the vertical direction, and relatively large strain values were obtained in spans with large spacing between spacer grids. The influence of the lateral location of fuel rods was also investigated. The fuel rods located at the side exhibited relatively large strain values than those located at the center. Based on the strain data obtained from the test results, a hypothetical road transportation scenario was established. A fatigue evaluation of the SNF rod was performed based on this scenario. The evaluation results indicate that no fatigue damage occurred on the fuel rods.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic relationship between oil prices and macroeconomic variables (gross domestic product, consumer price index, and interest rate). Long-run and short-run effects of oil prices on these macroeconomic variables are examined. Design/methodology/approach - The vector error correction model (VECM) is used to examine the short-run and long-term causality of oil prices, and a hierarchical Bayesian vector autoregressive model (HBVAR) is used to find the impulse of oil shock and the response of other variables. Findings - First, oil prices do not have short-term causality with macroeconomic variables, but they have long-term causality with interest rates and GDP. Second, the long-term stable relationship of oil prices and other macroeconomic variables is important to find out causality. Third, oil shock increases interest rates and decreases GDP and consumer price. Research implications or Originality - The significance of this study is a new attempt to analyze the dynamic relationship between oil prices and macroeconomic variables by linking VECM and HBVAR. Although VECM can analyze the long-term relationship and short-term dynamics between oil prices and macroeconomic variables, it was difficult to identify the transmission path of the oil price shock. HBVAR is confirmed to be flexible because it can bypass the process of selecting VAR or VECM through unit root test and cointegration analysis, and it is expected to reduce uncertainty of selecting hyperparameters.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.971-976
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• 2011

본 논문은 원거리에 떨어진 작전지역으로 정찰로봇을 발사하여 투하하기 위해서 필요한 보호체의 설계개념에 대해서 서술한다. 개발된 보호체는 발사, 비행, 착지과정에서 발생하는 외부의 충격으로부터 내부에 위치한 정찰로봇을 보호하며 목표지점에 도달하게 되면 해제기구에 의해 자동으로 보호체 외피가 분리.개방되어 내부의 정찰로봇이 용이하게 보호체를 이탈하여 정찰임무를 수행하도록 한다. 보호체와 정찰로봇의 유한요소 모델링을 통해서 지면과의 낙하충돌에 의한 충격해석을 수행하였으며 실제 실험결과와도 비교하여 모델링의 유효성을 분석하였다. 낙하테이블을 이용한 충격시험을 통해서 실리콘 재질로 충전된 보호체가 외부의 충격을 효과적으로 완화하여 내부의 정찰로봇을 보호하고 있음을 관찰하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.435-455
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• 2012

An impact on the ground surface may represent several phenomena, such as a crash of an airplane or an explosion or the passage of a train. In order to analyze and design structures and equipment to resist such a type of shocks, the response spectra for an impact on the ground must be given. We investigated the half-space motions due to impact using the finite element method. We performed extensive parametric analyses to define a suitable finite element model and arrive at displacement time histories and response spectra at varying distances from the impact point. The principal scope of our study has been to derive response spectra which: (a) provide insight and illustrate in detail the half-space response to an impact load, (b) can be readily used for the analysis of structures resting on a ground subjected to an impact and (c) are a new family of results for the impact problem and can serve as reference for future research.