• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2002

Amorphous $Sb_{2-x}Bi_xTe_3$ (x = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0) thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation. The resistivity of 7he films decreases from 1.4{\times}10^{-2}$ to $8.84{\times}10^{-5}\Omega cm$ and the type of conductivity changes from p to n with the increase of the x value of the films. D.C. conduction studies on these films ate performed at various electric fields in the temperature range of 303-403 K. At low electric fields, two types of conduction mechanisms, i.e. the variable range hopping and the phonon assisted hopping are found to be responsible for the conduction, depending upon the temperature. The activation energy decreases from 0.082 to 0.076 eV in the temperature range of 303-363 K and from 0.47-0.456 eV in the second range of 363-403 K, indicating the shift of the Fermi level towards the conduction band edge and hence the change of the conduction from P to n type with the increase of the Bi concentration. Poole-Frankel emission dominates at high fields. The shape of the potential well of the localized centre is deduced and the mean free path of the charge carriers is also calculated.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

The growth of information and communication technology (ICT) has led to a rapid of business paradigm shift incurred in the creation of new social/market value, changes of a value chain and elements producing a value creation, and enlargement of the scope of market competition. It leads to the change and evolution of industrial structure, requiring innovations of policy and institution. However, most studies that have focused on the effect of policy and institution on innovation are based on thick description and qualitative evidence, while paying little attention to these linkages in an empirical way. Hence this study has attempted to empirically analyze policy and institutional factors affecting innovation performance, particularly attention to ICT industry in OECD countries. The findings derived from the empirical analysis provide important implications for catch-up countries in relation to the innovations of policy and institution for effective innovation system and start-up ecosystem.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.124-131
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a Progressive scalable video coding algorithm using frequency weighting in the DCT domain. Since the human visual system (HVS) can be modeled as a nonlinear point transformation, called the modulation transfer function (MTF), we tan use the frequency weighting matrix to enhance the video image quality. We change this frequency weighting matrix into the frequency shift matrix to apply to the bit-plane coding method for the fine granular scalable (FGS) video coding We also define a new error metric JNDE (just noticeable difference) to measure the perceptual image quality in terms of human vision.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.575-580
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• 2007

As the volume of traffic in southern part of the republic of Korea grew, expansion of transportation was required. In that purpose, the railway between Samnangjin and Gwangyang is being extended to a double-track line. This construction includes Nakdong bridge located across Nakdong river. This truss bridge is constructed in incremental launching method (ILM) and composed of two sections, straight line and curved one. Bridge construction in the method goes with the shift of roller supports which results in the change of structural system. To accomplish safe construction, the measurement during the whole launching stages. The locations of member in severe condition and the corresponding response values were estimated through the preliminary construction stage analysis. Based on the analysis, the measurement during construction was planned. Several sensors and measurement devices were installed at appropriate locations. During the whole launching stages, the measurement was performed and the corresponding data were monitored and stored in real time. The comparison of the responses from the analysis and the measurement showed no indication of yielding of the structural members. Consequently, the construction of Nakdong bridge was concluded to be relevant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 1993

Highly stable $O_2$-evolving cells and thylakoid membranes have been obtained from the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus PCC7002, by immobilization with polyvinylalcohol(PVA). The absorption peak showed the blue-shift of about 3 nm after immobilization of intact cells and thylakoid membranes as well as isolation of thylakoid membranes. Photosynthetic electron transport activities, especially PS II activity showed greater stability in the PVA-immobilized cells and thylakoid membranes when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ than in those at $25^{\circ}C$. When the cells were threated at higher temperature, the level of Fo and Fv increased. After imobilization, however, Fo showed no change. This suggests that the immobilization can protect against the damages of PS II complex, especially a water-spiliting system, by heat treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3187-3190
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• 2013

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor which contributes to many processes involved in cell survival, proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, that may lead to cancer development. Gastric cancer is one of the most common diseases of digestive system that has low 5-year-survival. The aim of this research was to determine the significance of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain gene polymorphisms in gastric cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 83 patients with gastric cancer and 40 normal subjects were investigated for EGFR gene polymorphisms in exons 18-21 by PCR-SSCP. Then, DNA sequencing was conducted for different mobility shift bands. Finally the data were statistically analyzed using the chi-2 test and the SPSSver.16 program. Results: Exon 18 of EGFR gene showed three different bands in SSCP pattern and DNA sequencing displayed one mutation. SSCP pattern of Exons 19 and 21 did not show different migration bands. Exon 20 of EGFR gene revealed multiple migrate bands in SSCP pattern. DNA sequencing displayed 2 mutations in this exon: one mutation was caused amino acid change and another mutation was silent. Conclusion: It may be that EGFR tyrosine kinase gene polymorphisms differ between populations and screening could be useful in gastric cancer patients who might benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.11
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• pp.43-75
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• 1984

Information science is the study how in formation is transferred and all the intermediate steps of collecting, organizing, interpreting, storing, retrieving, disseminating and trans foming information. Professional education means the transfer of knowledge, the development of cognitive abilities and the infusion of professional attitudes. Training may be defined as practice-based instruction in the development and use of professional skills. Each is affected by the confluence of social, economic and technological realities of the environment where the learning takes place. We have witnessed controversy about methods of curriculum revision and change. Should information science courses be added to the traditional library science curriculum or should the new approaches be integrated within the subject matter of each individual course? The article is based upon the assumption that education for librarianship is at a turning point. To provide this information, 25 curricula of colleges and universities were analysed to assist in the study. Also 32 information professionals were asked to assist in the study. In the experimental part of this study, curricula based on the education and training of library and information profession als were examined. The most frequently offered compulsory course 'Introduction to Information Science' exposes students to a new way of looking at library and information problems. Information retrieval, library automation, computer programming, data processing, indexing and abstraction, communication, system analysis has offered. These indicate a curriculum slowly shift from traditional librarianship to an emphasis on computerization and automation. Also from a questionnaire listing 58 events might influence library and information science education.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.401-406
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• 2007

In this paper, we fabricated the polymer waveguide type surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using a white light source and optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Fabricated sensor uses the principle of phase matching between evanescent wave and surface plasmon wave. According to the measuring result, the shift of resonance wavelength conducts the change of the refractive index. The proposed SPR sensor is expected to apply the integrated multichannel SPR sensor and the realtime monitoring system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.2660-2666
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• 2020

Korea successfully achieved energy independence in the shortest period of time from being the poorest country in terms of energy 50 years ago through steady development of nuclear technology. In the past, the nuclear industry has been driven through government-centered policy development, public institution-based research, and industrial facility and infrastructure construction. Consequently, South Korea became a nuclear energy powerhouse exporting nuclear power plants to the UAE, surpassing the level of domestic technological independence. However, in recent years, the nuclear industry in Korea has experienced a decline in new plant construction since the Fukushima accident in Japan, which caused changes in public perspectives regarding nuclear power plant operation, more stringent safety standards on the operation of nuclear power plants, and a shift in governmental energy policy. These changes are expected to change the domestic nuclear industry ecosystem. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the priority of technology development investment from the perspective of experts in private nuclear power companies, shifting the focus from government-led nuclear R&D policies. To establish a direction in nuclear technology development, a survey was conducted by applying an analytic hierarchy analysis to experts who have worked in nuclear power plants for more than 15 years. The analysis items of focus were the 3 attributes of strategic importance, urgency, and business feasibility of four major fields related to nuclear energy: nuclear safety, decommissioning, radioactive waste management, and strengthening industrial competitiveness.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 1994

The multi-dielectric layer $SiO_2$/$Si_3{N_4}$/$SiO_2$ (ONO) is used to improve charge retention and to scale down the memory device. The nitride layer of MNOS device is oxidize to form ONO system. During the oxidation of the nitride layer, the change of thickness of nitride layer and generation of interface state between nitride layer and top oxide layer occur. In this paper, effects of oxidation of the nitride layer is studied. The decreases of the nitride layer due to oxidation and trapping characteristics of interface state of multi layer dielectric film are investigated through the C-V measurement and F-N tunneling injection experiment using SONOS capacitor structure. Based on the experimental results, carrier trapping model for maximum flatband voltage shift of multi layer dielectric film is proposed and compared with experimental data. As a results of curve fitting, interface trap density between the top oxide and layer is determined as being $5{\times}10^11$~$2{\times}10^12$[$eV^1$$cm^2$].