• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.155-172
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• 2023

The collapse of ice shelves is a process that can severely increase the rise of global sea-levels through the reduction of the buttressing effect of ice shelves and the consequent acceleration of the ice flow of ice sheets. In recent years, the West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea, whose buttressing effect is essential for a great part of the West Antarctic ice sheet, have been experiencing the most rapid melting and thinning in the world. The melting of the West Antarctic ice shelves is caused primarily by heat transported by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). For this reason, it is important to investigate ice-ocean interactions that could influence the melting of ice shelves and evaluate the stability of West Antarctic ice shelves. A lot of researchers have been actively investigating the West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea. High-impact journals have recognized the importance of and published studies on ice-ocean interactions occurring near and under the ice shelves as well as the connections among ice shelves. However, in situ observations are limited due to extreme weather and sea-ice conditions near the ice shelves; therefore, many scientific questions remain unanswered. This study introduces the characteristics of the Amundsen Sea and investigate the past and latest research issues in this region. This study also gives suggestions regarding important scientific questions and directions for future research that should help early-career scientists take the lead in future research on the melting dynamics of the West Antarctic ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.5-25
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• 2005

This study is designed to research principles for establishing cooperatively virtual reference shelves of university libraries. To achieve the goal, this study establishes theoretical foundations for virtual reference shelves. Also, we discuss why the virtual reference shelves are necessary via cultural subject of libraries. Second, this study investigates current circumstances of virtual reference shelves' usages. This Investigation is conducted in terms of nine evaluation indexes. The results are used to justify the cooperative establishment for virtual reference shelves. Last, this study discusses actual methods and procedures for establishing cooperatively virtual reference shelves, associating with roles of related institutions.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.25-31
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• 2022

Attaching shelf to retaining structure leads to a decrease in the total lateral earth pressure. This decrease enables the retaining structures to become more stable, to have small displacement, and to exhibit lower bending moments, the relief shelves effects are analyzed using FEM in order to understand how they stabilize cantilever wall in this study. Several models are varied by changing location and width of shelves to realize earth pressure and displacements of retaining wall. The displacement is getting smaller because earth pressure acting on shelf increases as shelves locations are lower and width is longer. The ground settlement variation effects caused by relief shelves are studied also. The ground settlement increases abruptly where shelf location is between of 0.5H and 0.625H, and settlement decreases suddenly where shelf width is between b/h=0.375 and b/h=0.500. The shelf significantly reduces earth pressure and movement of the wall. This decrease in the lateral pressure increases the retaining structure stability.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.147-167
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• 2008

The purpose of the research is to 4ind out its problems and to suggest its solution by investigating and analyzing the present condition of the Virtual Reference Shelves establishment in Chinese university libraries. To achieve the goal, this study establishes theoretical foundations for virtual reference shelves. The evaluation standard was set up on the basis of this theoretical foundation. The 38 university libraries, which had been selected in 985 Project were analyzed by this evaluation standard. The results are used to justify the cooperative establishment for virtual reference shelves.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.414-417
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• 2008

We have extracted a surface deformation map of a part of Canisteo Peninsula on Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica by applying 4-pass DInSAR technique to two ERS-1/2 tandem pairs obtained on October 21-22, 1995 (diff-pair) and March 9-10, 1996 (topo-pair), and analyzed changes of glaciers, sea ice, ice shelves, and their kinematic interactions. We observed fast motion of glaciers pushing the adjoining sea ice. Some interferometric phases indicate the up-rise of sea ice of which type is thought to be land-fast ice to exert repulsive force against the pushing glacier. There were other glaciers and sea ice that moved to the same direction, suggesting that the sea ice in these regions was land-fast ice weakly harnessed to sea bottom or pack ice not harnessed at all. Several small circular fringes in ice shelves suggested that islands or seamounts on the bottom of ice shelves deterred the movement of ice shelves, resulting in the rise of ice surface.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.328-336
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• 2015

Currently, 22% of the total energy consumption of buildings in Korea is used for lighting. Light-shelves have garnered attention as a way to reduce consumption, but there are few studies on the types of curve and curvature, which limits the improvement of light-shelf performance and its design. This study constructed a test bed of actual residential types to evaluate the performance. Outcomes of light usage, according to variables of light-shelves, were used as indicators of performance evaluation. The results are as follows:1) Performance evaluation was conducted on flat-type light-shelves to verify performance of curvature-shelves, which are movable with a width of 200 mm, and the most ideal angle and specification per solar term are calculated. 2) The (-) shaped curvature contributed to a reduction in energy consumption and an improvement of evenness. 3) In case of light-shelves with (-) shaped curvature, an increased angle not exceeding $80^{\circ}$ of the arc contributed to an improvement of light penetration. 4) Appropriate specifications of curved light-shelves include movable types with widths of 200 mm, and angle ranges of $20^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$. 5) Light energy consumption of a movable light-shelf with curvature and width of 200 mm were reduced by 17% and 7.8% compared to a $0^{\circ}$ fixed and a movable light-shelf, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the location and prospects of the bear shelves built by Asiatic black bears in the Jirisan National Park. Previous researchers have been analyzed bear shelves in terms of places for resting and eating, but we are going to analyze based on the prospect-and-refuge theory. Characteristics of the sites of bear shelves are measured through field survey and topographic analysis by using digital elevation model (DEM). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the optimum location of bear shelves in terms of crown density. Man-made objects are identified by viewshed analysis based on geographical information system (GIS). Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, most bear trees are located deep inside of the mountainous national park, slopes of 30~40 degrees, altitude of 400~1,200m, and relatively low vegetation density with NDVI value of 0.4~0.6 compared to the average NDVI of the park. Second, the average height of bear shelves is 12.44m, or 74% of the average height of bear trees. They are located at suitable places to observe nearby trails and other park facilities. Third, man-made objects within the 100m radius of bear trees include lodge, bear training center, beekeeping camp, and hiking trails. Thus we may temporarily conclude that one of the main criteria of the bear tree selection in the park has been to identify optimum places for the monitoring of human activities in their habitat.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrocortisone in the fusion mechanism of the secondary palatine shelves in the rat. Pregnant rats were injected with 5.0 mg/100 gm body weight of hydrocortisone for 3 days between the 7th day and the 9th day of pregnancy. Between the 14th day md the 18 day of pregnancy, the fetuses were removed and decapitated to be immersed in $10\%$ formalin and Carney's solution. Preparations were stained with alizarin red S, hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue respectively, and partly were treated for Periodic acid-Schiff reaction. The results were as followings: 1. The incomplete fusion of the palatal epithelium took place though the polarity of epithelial cells. 2. At the edge of shelves the differentiation of mesenchymal cells was observed, but the inter penetration of mesenchyme was not shown. 3. It was considered that the phenomenon of hypocalcification in matrix had relation to the decrease stainability to alizarin red S in shelves. 4. It might be concluded that the connective tissue under epithelium showed the decrease tendency to alcian blue and PAS reaction due to the inhibition of the synthesis of the mucopolysaccharide.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2017

The oyster mushroom cultivation house typically has multiple layers of growing shelves that cause the disturbance of air circulation inside the mushroom house. Due to this instability in the internal environment, growth distinction occurs according to the area of the growing shelves. It is known that minimal air circulation around the mushroom cap facilitates the metabolism of mushrooms and improves their quality. For the purpose of this study, a CFD analysis FLUENT R16 has been carried out to improve the internal environment uniformity of the oyster mushroom cultivation house. It is found that installing a section of the working passage towards the ceiling is to maintain the internal environment uniformity of the oyster mushroom cultivation house. When all the environment control equipment - including a unit cooler, an inlet fan, an outlet fan, an air circulation fan, and a humidifier - were operated simultaneously, the reported Root Mean Square (RMS) valuation the growing shelves were as follows: velocity 23.86%, temperature 6.08%, and humidity 2.72%. However, when only a unit cooler and an air circulation fan operated, improved RMS values on the growing shelves were reported as follows: velocity 23.54%, temperature 0.51%, and humidity 0.41%. Therefore, in order to maintain the internal environment uniformity of the mushroom cultivation house, it is essential to reduce the overall operating time of the inlet fan, outlet fan, and humidifier, while simultaneously appropriately manage the internal environment by using a unit cooler and an air circulation fan.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.461-470
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• 2015

There has been a significant increase in the amount of research on reducing the lighting power consumption of buildings and also an increasing demand for technological development. Light shelf has been recognized as one of the most efficient solutions to this issue and related researches have been conducted, which have mostly focused on factors related to simple light shelves and are not suitable as an appropriate basis for the design of light shelves. Thus this study aims to establish the proper design basis for light shelves by evaluating the performance of shelves per reflection rate in indoor areas. Power consumption rate and indoor illumination intensity distribution of a testbed built based on actual living conditions were calculated for the performance evaluation, of which the results are as following: 1) Reduction of reflection rate of ceiling and walls caused average illumination intensity in summer, winter and median seasons, and evenness per reflection rate of indoor areas was found to be different in summer, winter and median seasons, making it a necessary consideration for designing light shelves. 2) Calculation of power consumption from lighting control showed that a high reflection rate of indoor areas may be suitable for power consumption reduction, and that reflection rates higher than 80% for ceilings and higher than 75% for walls in terms of the efficiency of researches on the indoor reflection rate and its application would be appropriate. This study is meaningful as the research focuses on light shelves based on considering indoor environmental factors. More studies will be required that consider a variety of factors.