• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2007

The rheological behaviors and morphologies of polylactide (PLA) and chemically modified plasticized starch (CMPS) blends were investigated. For this study, oscillatory shear flow measurements of the PLA, CMPS and their blends were performed. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was also conducted on the extracted extrudates of the blends. The morphology of the blend changed in relation to the composition: sphere-shaped CMPS disperse/continuous PLA, rod-like deformed CMPS phase/continuous PLA, a co-continuous structure with bridged CMPS long rods and PLA dispersed/continuous CMPS. The composition of the phase inversion could be estimated and closely coincided from the observed morphology experimental results. The rheological behavior of the blends, from oscillatory measurements, was found to vary in relation to the composition, and reflected the morphologies of the blends. PLA showed Newtonian flow behavior, while CMPS showed strong shear thinning behavior. The relationships between the morphology and rheological properties were observed in detail.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.554-558
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• 1999

Flow properties of traditional kochujang at various fermentation times(0~12 weeks) were determined with rotational cylindrical(RC) and serrated plate plate(PP) viscometer. Magnitudes of consistency index(K) of power law model and Cassson parameters(yield stress and viscosity) measured by PP viscometer were higher than those using RC viscometer. All kochujang samples during fermentation were much shear thinning with values of flow behavior index(n) as low as 0.2~0.34. K value and Casson yield stress measured by PP viscometer had good correlations(r=0.94; r=0.91) with fermentation time. No significant changes in flow model parameters measured by RC viscometer were observed for kochu jang during fermentation. Magnitudes of flow model parameters measured by PP viscometer more closely correlated with fermantation times of kochujang than did RC viscometer.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

We have investigated the transient behavior of 1D fully developed Poiseuille viscoelastic flow under finite pressure gradient described by the Oldroyd-B and Leonov constitutive equations. For analysis we employ a simple $2^{nd}$ order discretization scheme such as central difference for space and the Crank-Nicolson for time approximation. For the analysis of the Oldroyd-B model, we also apply the analytical solution, which is obtained again in this work in terms of elementary solution procedure simpler than the previous one (Waters and King, 1970). Both models demonstrate qualitatively similar solutions, but their eventual steady flowrate exhibits noticeable difference due to the absence or presence of shear thinning behavior. In the inertialess flow, the flowrate instantaneously attains a large value corresponding to the Newtonian creeping flow and then decreases to its steady value when the applied pressure gradient is low. However with finite liquid density the flow field shows severe fluctuation even accompanying reversals of flow directions. As the assigned pressure gradient increases, the flowrate achieves its steady value significantly higher than its value during oscillations after quite long period of time. We have also illustrated comparison between 1D and 2D results and possible mechanism of complex 2D flow rearrangement employing a previous solution of [mite element computation. In addition, we discuss some mathematical points regarding missing boundary conditions in 2D modeling due to the change of the type of differential equations when varying from inertialess to inertial flow.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2005

The surface of rutile titania nanoparticles was chemically modified by reacting with alkoxy silane. The surface and rheological properties in silicone oil having a wide range of viscosity were investigated. Total surface free energy($\gamma_S$) of the titania particles decreased from 53.12 to 26.94 mJ/$m^2$ as the silane used for surface treatment was increased from 0 to 5.0 wt$\%$. The surface free energy of neat silane was 25.5 mJ/$m^2$, which is quite close to that oftitania particles treated with 5.0 wt$\%$ silane. Due to the hydrophobic nature oftreated-titania, the contact angle was accordingly higher for polar solvent in the order of water>ethylene glycol> formamide>$\alpha$-bromonaphthalene. In sum of rheological behavior, as the applied shear stress or viscosity of the silicone oil increased, the titania particles tend to form layers and agglomerated clusters, showing shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviors, sequentially. A good dispersion of discrete titania particles obeying a Newtonian flow behavior was achieved at a surface energy or low concentration of silane-treated titania particles in hydrophobic silicone oil.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.369-372
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• 2008

An experimental study is carried out to study two-phase vertically upward hydraulic transport of solid particles by water in a vertical and inclined (0${\sim}$60 degree) concentric annulus with rotation of the inner cylinder. Rheology of particulate suspensions in shear-thinning fluids is of importance in many applications such as particle removal from surfaces, transport of proppants in fractured reservoir and cleaning of drilling holes, and so on. Annular fluid velocities varied from 0.2 m/s to 1.5 m/s for the actual drilling operational condition. Macroscopic behavior of solid particles, averaged flow rate, and particle rising velocity are observed. Main parameters considered in this study were radius ratio, inner-pipe rotary speed, fluid flow regime, and particle injection rate. For both water and CMC solutions, the higher the concentration of the solid particles is, the larger the pressure gradients become

• 폴리머
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2000

본 논문은 선형 폴리카보네이트와 분지화된 폴리카보네이트를 블렌드한 시스템에 대해서 연구하였다. 여러가지 조성으로 두 성분을 블렌드하여 각 조성에 대해서 상용성, 기계적 성질 그리고 유동특성을 조사하였다. 본 블렌드 시스템에서 상분리는 관찰되지 않았고 상용성도 있었다. 기계적 성질은 블렌드의 각 조성에 대해서 인장강도, 굽힘강도 그리고 충격강도 등을 측정하여 검토하였으며, 흐름특성 역시 블렌드의 각 조성에 대해 용융점도, 저장탄성률 및 손실탄성률을 여러 온도에서 측정하여 검토하였다. 그리고 용융점도의 분자량에 대한 의존성을 조사하였다. 선형 폴리카보네이트와 분지화된 폴리카보네이트의 조성에 따라 기계적 물성은 거의 변화가 없었으나, 흐름특성은 큰 변화가 있었다. 본 블렌드 시스템에서 분지화된 폴리카보네이트 함량이 증가할수록 점도의 분자량에 대한 의존성이 컸으며, shear thinning 현상은 두드러지게 나타났다. 따라서 재료의 기계적 물성의 변화없이 흐름특성이 다른 블렌드 시스템을 설계할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2009

7종류의 상업용 검(xanthan gum, guar gum, pectin, gum arabic, gellan, locust bean gum, sodium alginate)을 국내산 고구마전분에 대해 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% 농도로 첨가한 전분-검혼합 페이스트(5%, w/w)의 유동특성과 항복응력을 측정하였다. 고구마전분-검 혼합물은 대부분 검 농도가 0.3%에서 0.6%로 증가할 때 팽윤력이 증가하였다. 또한 유동특성은 power law 모델식으로부터 결정되었고, 항복응력 측정을 위해 vane 방법이 사용되었다. 고구마전분-검 혼합물은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 shear-thinning 거동특성을 보여주었고, 겉보기 점도(${\eta}_{a,100}$)와 점조도 지수(K)는 pectin과 sodium alginate를 제외한 모든 시료에서 검의 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Pectin은 다른 검에 비해 매우 낮은 항복 응력 값을 나타내었고, gellan은 매우 높은 항복응력 값을 나타내었다. 고구마전분-검 혼합물은 pectin, gum arabic 그리고 sodium alginate를 제외한 다른 검 첨가에서 탄성적상승효과를 나타냈다. 일반적으로 고구마전분의 유동특성과 vane 항복응력은 검 첨가에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며, 검 종류와 농도에 의존함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.835-843
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• 2008

We have fabricated the source-drain electrodes for OTFTs by screen printing method and manufactured Ag pastes as conductive paste. To obtain excellent conductivity and screen-printability of Ag pastes, the dispersion characteristics of Ag pastes prepared from two types of acryl resins with different molecular structures and Ag powder treated with caprylic acid, triethanol amine and dodecane thiol as surfactant respectively were investigated. The Ag pastes containing Ag powder treated with dodecane thiol having thiol as anchor group or AA4123 with carboxyl group(COOH) of hydrophilic group as binder resin exhibited excellent dispersity. But, Ag pastes(CA-41, TA-41, DT-41) prepared from AA4123 fabricated the insulating layer since the strong interaction between surface of Ag powder and carboxyl group(COOH) of AA4123 interfered with the formation of conduction path among Ag powders. The viscosity behavior of Ag pastes exhibited shear-thinning flow in the high shear rate range and the pastes with bad dispersion characteristic demonstrated higher shear-thinning index than those with good dispersity due to the weak flocculated network structure. The output curve of OTFT device with a channel length of 107 ${\mu}m$ using screen-printed S-D electrodes from DT-30 showed good saturation behavior and no significant contact resistance. And this device exhibited a saturation mobility of $4.0{\times}10^{-3}$ $cm^2/Vs$, on/off current ratio of about $10^5$ and a threshold voltage of about 0.7 V.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.456-461
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 이산화규소를 젤화제로 사용한 니트로메탄 젤 추진제의 유변학적 특성을 분석하였다. 니트로메탄 젤은 나노 또는 마이크로 입자 크기의 젤화제를 각각 5 wt%, 6.5 wt%, 8 wt% 함량으로 첨가하여 제작되였으며 점도 측정 실험은 회전형 점도계를 이용하여 측정을 수행하였다. 제작된 젤 추진제는 항복응력이 존재함을 확인하였고 측정 범위 전 구간에서 전단박화 거동을 보이며 나노 크기의 젤화제를 첨가한 젤 추진제의 경우 마이크로 크기 대비 낮은 전단속도(1 ~ 100 1/s) 영역에서 높은 점도를 보였다. 또한 니트로메탄 젤 추진제의 경우, Herschel-Bulkley 모델 보다는 Teipel과 Forter-Barth가 제시한 모델을 사용하는 것이 적합함을 확인하였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2006

Using a strain-controlled rheometer, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of aqueous xanthan gum solutions with different concentrations were measured over a wide range of strain amplitudes and then the linear viscoelastic behavior in small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields was investigated over a broad range of angular frequencies. In this article, both the strain amplitude and concentration dependencies of dynamic viscoelastic behavior were reported at full length from the experimental data obtained from strain-sweep tests. In addition, the linear viscoelastic behavior was explained in detail and the effects of angular frequency and concentration on this behavior were discussed using the well-known power-law type equations. Finally, a fractional derivative model originally developed by Ma and Barbosa-Canovas (1996) was employed to make a quantitative description of a linear viscoelastic behavior and then the applicability of this model was examined with a brief comment on its limitations. Main findings obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: (1) At strain amplitude range larger than 10%, the storage modulus shows a nonlinear strain-thinning behavior, indicating a decrease in storage modulus as an increase in strain amplitude. (2) At strain amplitude range larger than 80%, the loss modulus exhibits an exceptional nonlinear strain-overshoot behavior, indicating that the loss modulus is first increased up to a certain strain amplitude(${\gamma}_0{\approx}150%$) beyond which followed by a decrease in loss modulus with an increase in strain amplitude. (3) At sufficiently large strain amplitude range (${\gamma}_0>200%$), a viscous behavior becomes superior to an elastic behavior. (4) An ability to flow without fracture at large strain amplitudes is one of the most important differences between typical strong gel systems and concentrated xanthan gum solutions. (5) The linear viscoelastic behavior of concentrated xanthan gum solutions is dominated by an elastic nature rather than a viscous nature and a gel-like structure is present in these systems. (6) As the polymer concentration is increased, xanthan gum solutions become more elastic and can be characterized by a slower relaxation mechanism. (7) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions do not form a chemically cross-linked stable (strong) gel but exhibit a weak gel-like behavior. (8) A fractional derivative model may be an attractive means for predicting a linear viscoelastic behavior of concentrated xanthan gum solutions but classified as a semi-empirical relationship because there exists no real physical meaning for the model parameters.