• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2023

This paper proposes a novel frame element on Winkler-Pasternak foundation for analysis of a non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) member resting on foundation. These structural members represent flexural-shear critical members, which are commonly found in existing buildings designed and constructed with the old seismic design standards (inadequately detailed transverse reinforcement). As a result, these structures always experience shear failure or flexure-shear failure under seismic loading. To predict the characteristics of these non-ductile structures, efficient numerical models are required. Therefore, the novel frame element on Winkler-Pasternak foundation with inclusion of the shear-flexure interaction effect is developed in this study. The proposed model is derived within the framework of a displacement-based formulation and fiber section model under Timoshenko beam theory. Uniaxial nonlinear material constitutive models are employed to represent the characteristics of non-ductile RC frame and the underlying foundation. The shear-flexure interaction effect is expressed within the shear constitutive model based on the UCSD shear-strength model as demonstrated in this paper. From several features of the presented model, the proposed model is simple but able to capture several salient characteristics of the non-ductile RC frame resting on foundation, such as failure behavior, soil-structure interaction, and shear-flexure interaction. This confirms through two numerical simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2008

This study, push-off tests for the initially uncracked specimens were conducted to investigate shear transfer mechanism in reinforce concrete elements. Experimental programs for shear transfer were undertaken to investigate the effect of the concrete compressive strength, the presence of steel stirrups as shear reinforcement and the amount of steel stirrups. As the shear plane is loaded, several cracks form in a direction inclined to the shear plane, creating compression struts in the concrete. For this stage, shear is being transferred through a truss-like action produced by the combination of the compressive force in the concrete struts and the tensile force that the steel reinforcement crossing the shear plane develops. In the normal strength concrete specimens with steel stirrups, ultimate failure occurred when the compression struts crushed in concrete. In the high strength concrete specimens, on the other hand, ultimate failure occurred when the steel stirrups developed their yield strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.448-452
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• 2005

Punching/blanking/shearing is among the oldest and most frequently used sheet metal forming process. We have developed the shear device for burrless cutting using the micro wire. Since the burr minimization and fine shear plane, this paper is a study on the effect of the shear angle and clearance of the cutter-cutter. And, we confirm the tendency of the shear plane. It is impossible to completely remove the burr in the shearing process. In order to minimize the burr size and fine shear plane, we have accomplished the various experiment conditions such as the shear angle and clearance. Despite the quality of shear plane is not good enough yet, it is possible to make the burr minimization and fine shear plane by the optimization of process parameters.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the contribution of concrete and shear reinforcement, in shear carrying capacity, on concrete beams, reinforced with steel and/or FRP rods. The experimental tests for 12 concrete beams, reinforced with steel and/or FRP rods, are carried out. Experimental parameters includes the mechanical properties of reinforcements in shear and bending, and the ratio of shear reinforcement. This study compares the experimental results of shear carrying capacity in concrete beams, reinforced with steel and/or FRP rods, with the proposed equations. According to the experimental results, the effect of the concrete in concrete beams reinforced with FRP rods is decreased with decreasing Young's modulus of longitudinal tensile reinforcement. This results from the large deflection of concrete beams reinforced with decreasing Young's modulus of longitudinal tensile reinforcement. Also, the contribution of shear reinforcement is smaller than the calculated value, using the truss analogy. This results from the fact that the stress redistribution is not exhibited after the break of shear reinforcement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2012

This study investigated possible ways to replace conventional stirrups used on high-strength concrete members with improved reinforcing materials. Headed bar and high-strength steel were chosen to substitute for conventional stirrups, and an experimental comparison between the shear behavior of high-strength concrete large beams reinforced with conventional stirrups and the chosen stirrup substitutes was made. Test results indicated that the headed bar and the high-strength steel led to a significant reserve of shear strength and a good redistribution of shear between stirrups after shear cracking. This is due to the headed bar providing excellent end anchorage and the high-strength steel successfully resisting higher and sudden shear transmission from the concrete to the shear reinforcement. Experimental results presented in this paper were also compared with various prediction models for shear strength of concrete members.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.191-209
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• 2016

Seismic codes are the best available guidance on how structures should be designed and constructed to ensure adequate resistance to seismic forces during earthquakes. Seismic provisions of Indian standard code, International building code and European code are applied for buildings with ordinary moment resisting frames and reinforced shear walls at various locations considering the effect of site soil conditions. The study investigates the differences in spectral acceleration coefficient ($S_a/g$), base shear and storey shear obtained following the seismic provisions in different codes in the analysis of these buildings. Study shows that the provision of shear walls at core in low rise buildings and at all the four corners in high rise buildings gives the least value of base shear.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 2012

This paper presents an analytical procedure for the analysis of high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete members considering the cracking effect in the serviceability loading range. Modifications to a previously proposed formula for the effective moment of inertia are presented. Shear deformation effect is also taken into account in the analysis, and the variation of shear stiffness in the cracked regions of members has been considered by reduced shear stiffness model. The effect of steel fibers on the behavior of reinforced concrete members have been investigated by the developed computer program based on the aforementioned procedure. The inclusion of steel fibers into high strength concrete beams and columns enhances the effective moment of inertia and consequently reduces the deflection reinforced concrete members. The contribution of the shear deformation to the total vertical deflection of the beams is found to be lower for beams with fibers than that of beams with no fibers. Verification of the proposed procedure has been confirmed from series of reinforced concrete beam and column tests available in the literature. The analytical procedure can provide an accurate and efficient prediction of deflections of high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete members due to cracking under service loads. This procedure also forms the basis for the three dimensional analysis of frames with steel fiber reinforced concrete members.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

A noble model of the whole lumbar spine (L1~L5) considering all the passive elements, especially the ligaments of the lumbar spine was developed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the shear stress of the AVB and the ALL and the effect of a compressive follower pre-load on all ligaments with various motions. The result shows that the shear stress at the AVB and the ALL are positively correlated. This indicates that the shear stress of the ligament can be used an index of low back pain. Regarding the effect of a follower pre-load, contrary to our expectation, the shear stress of the ligaments was not always reduced by applying follower pre-load; flexion was decreased and axial rotation did not change, while extension and lateral bending were increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1717-1724
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• 1996

The present study investigates the effect of the shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian fluids on the heat transfer enhancement in a pipe flow. An axially-constant heat flux boundary condition was adopted in the thermal fully developed region. The present analytical results of Nusselt numbers for various non-Newtonian fluids show heat transfer enhancement over those of a shear rate-independent thermal conductivity fluids. The present analytical results showed good agreement with the previous experiments which excluded the temperature-dependent viscosity effect on heat transfer. This study also proposes the use of a shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity fluids in the design of a heat exchanger for heat transfer enhancement as well as reduction of fouling.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.1 s.256
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The use of drug-eluting stents has dramatically reduced the incidence of restenosis however, much remains to be teamed about the performance of these stouts. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the design of drug-eluting stents influences the efficacy of local drug delivery to the arterial wall and that this effect depends on both arterial geometry and the prevailing flow conditions. We performed computational simulations in which the coupled Navier-Stokes and advection-diffusion equations were solved to determine the flow field and drug concentration in the vicinity of model drug-eluting stouts It is found that the characteristics of flow phenomena can be influenced greatly by the ratio of stent diameter to vessel diameter. The presence of drug-eluting stent may have profound effect on wall shear stresses, recirculation sizes and drug distributions. The results show that recirculation zone is influenced by the imposed flow conditions and stent diameter. In pulsatile flow, the low wall shear stress and high drug concentration occur along the arterial wall during the decelerating flow conditions. These results could provide the guideline for future drug-eluting stent designs toward reducing restenosis by affecting local wall shear stress distributions associated with neointimal hyperplasia.