• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.313-328
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 교과서의 도형 및 측정 영역에 제시된 발문의 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 초등수학 교과서의 도형 영역과 측정 영역에 제시된 발문의 유형과 작용하는 기능을 영역별, 학년군별로 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 도형 영역과 측정 영역 모두에서 1~2학년군에 비해 3~4학년군에서 차시 당 발문의 횟수가 급격하게 늘어났다. 이 두 영역에는 공통되게 추론 발문이 가장 많이 제시되어 있는데, 도형 영역에 비해 측정 영역에서 상대적으로 많이 제시되어 있다. 영역별로 제시된 발문은 작용 기능별 비중은 서로 다르지만 공통되게 주로 수학적 추론을 돕는 기능, 수학적으로 올바른 판단을 돕는 기능, 문제의 추측, 발명, 해결을 돕는 기능으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서 파악한 발문의 특성은 도형 및 측정 영역 지도에 적합한 발문의 구안 및 활용에 대한 교수·학습상의 시사점을 제공할 수 있으며, 교과용 도서 집필 시 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2001

In this paper, a shape-based block layout (SBL) approach is presented to solve the facility layout problem with unequal-area and fixed shapes. The SBL approach employs hybrid genetic algorithm (Hybrid-GA) to find a good solution and the concept of bay structure is used. In the typical facility layout problem with unequal area and fixed shapes, the given geometric constraints of unequal-area and fixed shapes are mostly approximated to original shape by aspect ratio. Thus, the layout results require extensive manual revision to create practical layouts and it produces irregular building shapes and too much unusable spaces. Experimental results show that a SBL model is able to produce better solution and to create more practical layouts than those of existing approaches.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2009

Variations of individual hip shapes are a major obstacle in pattern making for fitness. The drafting method is used for pattern making in today's apparel industry. Whilst catering to a limited number of information such as waist and hip sizes, this method does not cater to variations in hip shape. This paper describes the analysis of hip shapes using 3D body model and tries to make sure the relationship between hip shape and pattern by calculating hip angle and dart amount. We achieved results in analyzing various hip shapes by extracting hip angle. Moreover, various hip shapes can be divided into three types(A, B and C) by the hip angle value($K_{sh}-K_{wsh}$). When we use computerized draping method to make a personalized pattern for a tigth skirt, we easily create complex dart lines automatically. Therefore we achieve the result of individual dart amount such as distance between dart lines and dart areas. C type of hip shape had short dart length, long distance between dart lines and a large amount of dart area. On the other hand, A type had long dart length, short distance between dart lines and small amount of dart area. B type had long length and long distance between dart lines and large amount of dart area. In traditional pattern making, distance between dart lines is usually proportional to amount of dart area because of similarity in dart line shape. In our pattern, there is no proportional relationship between dart line distance and dart area. This means that variations in hip shapes result in a wide variety of dart line curvature resulting in a wide range of dart area. By ensuring an accurate relationship between hip shape and pattern, it is possible to make patterns which result in clothing that not only fits well, but also exhibits other desirable properties.

• 복식
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to measure middle-aged men's bodies around the ages of thirty-five through fifty-five, whose age-group undergoes drastic changes on their body shapes, and to reveal their physical characteristics by comparing the measurements. Sixty Body measurements were taken on 168 subjects. Statistics analysis of data used Oneway Anova, Correlation, Fator Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Crosstabs. Body shapes are grouped based on the measurements, and TypeI is characterized by small and middle-sized body shapes. Tall and obese body shapes belong to TypeII. Lastly, TypeIII is characterized by body shapes with very tall height and obesity, especially around the abdomen area.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

This study was focused on the establishment of a fundamental DB(database) that is available in the building design process, so we performed the simulation analysis about the energy consumption on the various same volume buildings. Because energy consumption in building is affected by the exterior surface area, the ratio of long/short length in surface and the adjacent internal surface area etc.. For these purpose, we assumed the unit module and made a constructable 16 model buildings which are composed of the 16 unit modules. Then we analyzed the simulation using the TRNSYS 16 and the Seoul weather data. In results, energy consumption in building is more reduced that in case of the smaller exterior surface area, the lower stories building and the larger adjacent surface area etc.. Further study is to be required the sensitivity analysis on the various weather conditions, building shapes and window area etc..

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1116-1124
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• 1996

The factors to presume the shapes of bending and draping were examined in this study, by applying the similar phenomenon and theory of analysis. The findings were as followings: 1. The value of deflection angle (f) of deflection curve were almost consistent with those of K number and the shapes of deflection curve were congruent, under the condition of that the values of EI/w are almost similar and the lengths of samples are consistent. 2. The values of drape area, drape coefficient, mean of deflection angle, and $\pi$ number were consistently estimated and the shapes of drape were almost the same, under the condition of that the values of EI/w are similar and the diameter of samples are consistent. 3. In using the samples with different values of EI/w, scale factor, kl, was obtained from the formula, the shapes of bending of the referent samples and compsactive smaples was geometrically similar, which the lengths of samples were 1,1'and were satisfied with the formula, hi: L'11, and their $\pi$ number were also consistent. 4. In applying the samples with different values of Rllw, scale factor (kl) was obtained and then, when semidiameter of samples was adjusted to be satisfied with the formula, k1=L/L, the shapes of draping of referent samples and comparative samples were geometrically similar. Furthermore, their $\pi$ number was also consistent. 5. The shares of bending and draping could be changed in terms of three factors such as the lengths of samples, bending ridigity, and weigths per unit area. $\pi$ number was obtained from theory of similar phenomenon, which was index to presume shapes of bending and the shapes of draping getting from the three factors.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.407-419
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• 2022

Many factors should be considered by architects and designers for designing a tall building. Wind load is one of these important factors that govern the design of tall building structures and can become a serious challenge when buildings tend to be built very tall and slender. On the other hand, through the initial stages of a design process, choosing the design geometry greatly affects the wind-induced forces on a tall building. With this respect, geometric shapes with 3-fold rotational symmetry are one of the applied plan shapes in tall buildings. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of 8 different geometrical shapes using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) by measuring the drag and lift forces. A case study approach was conducted in which different building shape models have the same total gross area and the same height of 300 meters. The simulation was an incompressible transient flow that ran 1700 timesteps (85 seconds on the real-time scale). The results show a great difference between wind-induced force performance of buildings with different plan shapes. Generally, it is stated that the shapes with the same area, but with smaller perimeters, are better choices for reducing the drag force on buildings. Applying the lift force, the results show that the buildings with plan shapes that have rounded corners act better in crosswind flow while, those with sharp corners induce larger forces in the same direction. This study delivers more analytical understanding of building shapes and their behavior against the wind force through the parametric modelling.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to analyze the shapes of blouse with above-elbow sleeves according to arm movements. The shapes include five types of the arm movement(basic posture, reach forward 45, 90, and reach lateral 45, 90) in the stand-posture, which were made by different adaptability of clothes. Experiments were conducted to figure out the dressed shape through 3-D measurement Vivid 910, and also to investigate the area of the shape of sleeves on the section map and the diagonal length of the block made by the basic section line in lateral part of sleeve with Rapid Form 2004, a software for 3-D shape analysis. The Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Anova, Duncan test, t-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, the area of sleeve was briefed 3 factor; front, center, back in sleeve. Second, there were different effect of arm movement, section level and part of shapes in the area of sleeve. Third, the diagonal length was briefed 4 factor; back, back-center, front-center, front. Forth, after t-test, there were statistically significant between the reach forward and lateral and between the angles of arm reach.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.171-178
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• 2000

In order to evaluate the tensile behaviors of hoop direction for the nuclear fuel cladding tubes the shapes of specimen and jig fixtures for the ring test are decided with various conditions under the elastic-large plastic deformations. The axial displacement of the jig cylinders is converted to the circumferential direction elongations of specimen. The stress distributions on specimen are depended on the radii and locations of specimen and jig size and central angle. Therefore we calculated the stress distributions and decided the optimum shapes to get the uniform stress in the area of specimen gage length. Form the analysis the stress distributions in gate area are reviewed with the radii and location of specimen notch and the central angle of jig cylinder,. The optimum shapes of specimen and jig are proposed to the clad tube having 10.62 mm in diameter and 0.63mm in thickness for 16x16 PWR nuclear fuel assembly.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1105-1114
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• 2010

착빙현상은 크게 서리얼음과 유리얼음으로 구분되며 대기온도 뿐 아니라 자유류 속도, 대기 중 수증기 함유량, 수증기 입자의 크기는 결빙형상에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 결빙 형상에 영향을 미치는 외기조건에 의해 변화하는 결빙형상을 체계적, 정량적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과 확인하였다. 먼저, 자유류 속도의 증가는 결빙면적, 얼음 진행방향, 최대 두께를 모두 증가시키고 결빙형상을 가장 크게 변화시켰다. 둘째, LWC와 결빙면적은 선형적인 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 대기온도가 수증기 유입량에 미치는 영향은 LWC, 자유류 속도에 의한 영향에 비해 적어 결빙면적의 변화가 가장 작게 나타났다. 넷째, MVD가 결빙 형상에 미치는 영향은 선정한 외기 조건 중에 가장 미미하였다. 단, 입자가 표면에 충돌하는 영역을 증가시켜 결빙면적에 영향을 주었다.