• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to identify the relationship between children's personality traits and self-esteem, and to find out if there were any differences in the relationship patterns in terms of children's sex. The questionnaire were collected from 984 subjects in 5th grade of elementary schools located in cities of Seoul, Suwon, Daejeon, and Daegu. Results showed that personality factors such as stability, sociability, responsibility, and superiority had stronger correlations with self-esteem factors whereas masculinity, activity level, and reflectivity did so to a less degree. Children's personality factors such as superiority, sociability and responsibility were better predictors of their self-esteem factors such as scholastic competence, social acceptance and general self-worth. Girls showed higher level of stability, sociability, responsibility and superiority, however there was no sex difference in the self-esteem such as scholastic competence, social acceptance and general self-worth. Children's behavioral conduct were mainly explained by masculinity, activity level, and responsibility. Responsibility turned out to be the strongest predictor of behavioral conduct among boys, while the activity level did among girls.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.541-550
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• 1993

In order to investigate psychological and behavioral characteristics of homosexuals and to present evidence that homosexuals are in danger of HIV infection in Korea, this study was done by self-administered questionnaire and then direct interview with the 28 (35%) HIV infected homosexual/bisexuals of 79 HIV infected persons reported in 1992. Homosexuals without heterosexual activity were 9 and the others were bisexuals. Sixty-five percent of respondents had a guilty conscience for their homosexual activty. Twenty (71%) were in twenties and 5 (18%) in thirties. Twelve(43%) were detected via health card checking by health office, 21% by blood donation, 18% by hospital visit, and 7% by partner notification. Motivations for homosexual activity were curiosity (36%), temptation or recommendation (14%) and compulsion (11%). Eighteen (72%) never used condom on anal sex. Nine of 26 respondents had experience for anal sex with foreigners. Fourteen (54%) of 26 respondents had history for sexually transmitted diseases. Fighty percent did not have sexual contact after HIV infection and the others usually used condom. It was confirmed that over 57% of the respondents were infected within 1 year before HIV diagnosis and over 82% within 2 years. These data suggest that HTV infection among homosexual group is rapidly spreading.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of male sexual disorders in Asian countries. Recently, there are some reports about the effects of the clove on reproductive activities in mammals. Therefore, its effect on testicular function was examined in male golden hamsters whose reproductive activity is inhibited by photoperiod such as winter climate. The male animals were given by daily oral administrations (56 consecutive days) in three doses (4 mg, 20 mg, and 100 mg/kg BW) of the alcoholic extract of the clove. Generally lower dose (4 mg) of the extract continued to keep the reproductive activities of testes. The both middle and high doses (20 mg and 100 mg) of the extract completely inhibited the testicular activity in some animals. Taken together, these results suggest a possible biphasic action of alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on testicular function.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 1995

We experimented white mice for investigation on the effects of FIR Using special equipment for generation and survival activity. Because of no difference of consumption of water and food, rate of impregnation and birth, sexual ratio of second generation and weight between natural condition, FIR is proved no harmful effect on living organisms. In addition, We observed the survival activity of white mice at the severe circumstances. The survival activity of white mice under FIR circumstance increased 122% than that of mice under natural condition As the result, we surveyed the fact that FIR has good effect on white mice for physical strength and endurance ability.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.389-398
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• 2000

The fallowing are the results of the experimental studies of Cordyceps militaris (CM) on the penile nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the level of blood testosterone in hydrocortisone acetate-treated rats. CM was tested for the effects on activity of xanthine oxidase and lipid peroxidation in penis of hydrocortisone acetate-treated rats. In vitro, CM didn't effect the levels of lipid peroxide and the activity of NOS. In the penis of hydrocortisone acetate-treated rats, lipid peroxide, the activities and ratio of type conversion of xanthine oxidase were increased but activity of NOS and content of nitrite were decreased. In vivo, after administration of CM to hydrocortisone acetate-treated rats, levels of lipid peroxide in penis was decreased. Also, the activities and ratio of type conversion of xanthine oxidase were decreased, too. The body weight and concentration of testosterone in the blood were increased. The effects of Cordyceps militalis Broth did better than the effects of Cordyceps militalls Mycelia, These results suggest that CM decrease the activities of free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase which form lipid peroxide and increase the penile NOS activity and the level of blood testosterone in hydrocortisone acetate-treated rats. Conclusively, CM is capable of improving of sexual ability in hydrocortisone acetate-treated rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

Objectives : The following are the results of the experimental studies of Samjasan (SJS) extract on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the level of lipid peroxide in the penises of rats. Methods : Cnidii Fructus, Cuscutae Semen, Schizandrae Fructus constitute SJS. 150 g of crushed crude drug was extracted with methyl alcohol, under reflux, for 24 hours, three times; the total extractive was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 28.6 g. Results : In vitro, the SJS extract didn't effect the activity of NOS. However, the SJS extract decreased the activities, the ratio of type conversion of xanthine oxidase, the levels of lipid peroxide, In vitro, after administration of the SJS extract to rats, the activities and ratio of type conversion of xanthine oxidase decreased, but the activity of NOS and the content of nitrite increased. Also, the levels of the superoxide anion radical and lipid peroxide decreased in the penises of rats. But, after administration of the SJS extract to rats, the levels of glutathione did not increase. The effects of the SJS extract did better as the dosage and the length of treatment increased. Conclusions : These results suggest that the SJS extract decreases the activities of free radical generating enzymes which form lipid peroxide and increases the NOS activity in the penises of rats. Therefore, the SJS extract is capable of improving of sexual ability in rats.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to compare health risk behavior prevalence for youth living in metropolitan, medium sized and small cities or rural area, in order to enhance understanding regional differences. Methods: For this study, data from the 2006 Youth Health Risk Behavior Online Survey collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control were analyzed using SPSS. Results: In the metropolitan areas, prevalence for disease and perceived obesity were higher than in other areas. Lack of intense or moderate physical activity, obesity, fast food intake, and insufficient sleep showed higher prevalence than in rural areas. Prevalence of lifetime smoking, lifetime alcohol consumption, present alcohol use, fruit intake less than once a day, and not wearing a seat belt were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Gender, smoking, and alcohol use were correlated. Spearman correlation between living with parent and skipping breakfast were significant. Smoking, alcohol use, and sexual behavior were correlated. Conclusion: As significant differences in prevalence of youth health risk behaviors exist between regional areas, health education and health promotion programs considering these differences have to be developed and implemented for adolescents. Programs for prevention of smoking and alcohol use, programs for improvement of fruit intake and safety are suggested for adolescents in rural areas, whereas programs to enhance physical activity and obesity management are suggested for adolescents in metropolitan areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

Purpose： This study reviews the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) in the United States. This review focuses on the purposes, questionnaires, survey methods, and use of survey results. The author also discussesthe establishment and use of Korean Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Results：The YRBSS was developed in 1990 to monitor priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States. The purpose of YRBSS is to determine the prevalence of health risk behaviors, to assess the trend of health risk behavior prevalence, provide comparable data, monitor progress toward achieving the Healthy People 2010. The questionnaires inquire about health-related behaviors, including tobacco use, unhealthydietary behaviors, inadequate physical activity, alcohol and drug use, sexual activity, behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence. The results of YRBS have been used to estimate the prevalence of risk behaviors among youth, to set goals for school health programs, for training and development of health program personnel, for the development of health education curriculum, to support enactment of health-related regulations, and to support funding for futher research. Conclusions： The YRBSS represents a potentially valuable program that can be applied in Korea. Assessment of risk behaviors among Korean youths will provide invaluable insight for many potential purposes.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of autonomic nervous system in heart-weakened children via analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) compare to healthy children. Methods Among the children who have visited the department of pediatrics at OO oriental medicine hospital, the subjects were composed of 62 elementary school students without cardiac disorder, who have yet develop secondary sexual characteristics. Results 1. Mean HRT and SDNN of the heart-weakened group of children were lower than the healthy group, but with no statistical significance. 2. Heart-weakened children had higher LF norm and LF/HF ratio, but lower HF norm than healthy children. The rest of the Frequency Domain Index have no significant differences. 3. Heart-weak score showed a positive correlation with Mean HRT and LF/HF ratio. Conclusions Heart-weakened children had an imbalance in autonomic nervous system due to increase of sympathetic nerve activity and decrease of parasympathetic nerve activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.830-843
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• 2006

Clinical evidence suggests that Nelumbinis Semen extracts have antidepressive properties and may offer an interesting alternative for the treatment of mood disorders. It was the aim of the present study to compare the effects of Nelumbinis Semen extracts with those of fluoxetine and hypericum perforatum extract in the rat forced swimming test (FST) and chronic mild stress (CMS), a model of depression. In the FST, p.o. administration of Nelumbinis Semen extracts (1 mg) induced a statistically significant reduction of immobility. The active behaviors in that test did not reflect decreased general activity because Nelumbinis Semen extracts failed to alter the locomotor activity of rats, measured in the open field test. Moreover Nelumbinis Semen extracts was superior to fluoxetine and hypericum perforatum extract in the incidence of sexual side-effects. These effects of Nelumbinis Semen extracts on the rat behavior is to be ascribed to increased Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide Vla-liver, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 , Adenylosuccinate synthetase, and Aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat hippocampus.