• 수도
• /
• v.24 no.5 s.86
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 1997

This year the Ministry of Environment(MOE) made a fifth amendment to the Sewerage Act, which was enacted in August 1966. The first objective of this amendment is to introduce small public sewerage system that is designed to treat wastewater produced in rural areas. Before small public sewerage system was introduced to the Act through this amendment, only urban areas were covered by public sewerage system. Because small sewerage system was introduced, wastewater generated in urban areas as well as rural areas can now be treated by public sewage treatment plants. In addition to this, some authorities on sewerage affairs were moved from the MOE to local governments by this amendment in order to enhance the power and responsibility of local governments in relation to sewerage affairs. Also, this amendment enabled local governments to entrust the authority to establish and manage sewage treatment plants to private companies, and enabled the MOE to organize an advisory committee on sewerage to review economic and technical aspects ofsewage treatment plants. This amendment went into effect September 8, 1997.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.427-437
• /
• 2003

An evaluation of the application of SBR and biofilm en small sewerage system was conducted. A newly developed small sewerage system, using SBR, was successfully applied to the nutrient treatment using municipal wastewater. The system was consisted of 6 compartments. Two systems, with SBR (A type) or without SBR (B type), were compared by several parameters (COD, SS, T-N, NH$_4$$\^$+/-N, NO$_3$$\^$-/-N, NO$_2$$\^$ -/-N, alkalinity, pH, DO) in all experimental periods. Also, the time variation of several parameters (DO, pH, NH$_4$$\^$+/-N, NO$_3$$\^$-/-N NO$_2$$\^$-/-N) was examined in a SBR applied sewerage system. T-N removal efficiency of B type Was higher than that Of A type by the effect of nitrification and denitrification even though the COD removal efficiencies were similar. In aeration stage, the pH was decreased from 6.4 to 6.3 within 1 h and increased to 6.65 at the end of aerobic stage, and pH was decreased to 6.2 in non-aeration stage, and these phenomena were explained. The effects of nitrification and denitrification were compared in A type and B type sewerage system, and the typical nitrification and denitrification were observed in B type sewerage system.

• 수도
• /
• v.24 no.5 s.86
• /
• pp.16-28
• /
• 1997

As sewerage works has become one of the major public works in Korea, the employment of advanced and more appropriate sewerage technology has become essential to improve the efficiency of sewerage works. During last 10 years, the Korean Government has made tremendous amount of investment on sewerage works so that treatment plants in 58 cities have treatment capacity which is equivalent to 52.8% of total daily sewage generation in Korea. This remarkable development, however, has heavily depended on one technology, the conventional activated sludge process as more than 95% of the existing plants employ this process, Recently, the Korean Government and local authorities have plans to introduce more appropriate sewage treatment technologies and research and development in this area has become very active. To encourage employing new and appropriate technologies, however, the proper technology evaluation and verification program for new process is needed. The public sector should play a key role in this program since the sewerage works is one of the major public works. In this paper, the technology evaluation and verification programs related with sewerage facilities in the US and Japan are briefly reviewed. The Innovatived and Alternative Technology programs which was operated by US EPA until recently and Environmental Technology Verification(ETV) program which was commenced in 1995 are introduced. The technology verification programs operated in Japan and also in Korea are also reviewed in this paper to propose a future direction for development of the appropriate evaluation and verification system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.303-312
• /
• 2012

Water supply and sewerage systems are the large-scale urban infrastructure ejecting large amount of environmental load over the life-cycle. Therefore, it is important not only to optimize in the aspect of economical superiority and process efficiency but also to consider earth scale environmental impact. This study aimed to suggest the establishment of life cycle management(LCM) system as an integrated management solution in urban water supply and sewerage systems. As a result, the methodology for LCM system consisting of life cycle assessment(LCA), life cycle cost(LCC), life cycle $CO_{2}(LCCO_{2})$ and life cycle energy(LCE) was developed. Also, several case studies using the latest statistics data of water supply and sewerage systems were carried out to investigate the field applicability of LCM.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.9
• /
• pp.533-541
• /
• 2015

We investigate the Japan's Master Plan of Comprehensive Sewerage System (JMPS) and Lake Biwa basin sewerage and suggest future development direction of the Watershed Sewerage System Maintenance Plan in Korea enforced on February 2, 2013. The JMPS is designed for compliance with the environmental standard for water quality under the Environmental Policy Act. The effluent standards applied in the master plan of Lake Biwa's Sewerage Plan for the Lake Biwa is tougher than the national standards. Therefore the Lake Biwa Baisn Sewerage System was the first in Japan to adopt facilities that perform advanced treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. BOD, SS, T-N and T-P concentrations of discharge water of sewage are 0.9, 0.6, 5.5, 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Especially removal efficiency for BOD is 99.5 percent. It is necessary to study the diversification of the evaluation criteria, cost minimization approach, subsidy system improvement, economic concept of discharge load adjustment system and establishment of basin sewerage concept for the development of the basin sewerage plan in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.276-287
• /
• 2013

Domestic sewage contains increasingly more pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to rising use of medicines, health supplement food and daily necessities. And various types of industrial wastewater from pollution sources in treatment areas could flow into the public sewerage treatment plants (PSTPs) in metropolitan areas. The conventional PSTPs are designed to treat suspended solids, biodegradable organics, nitrogen and phosphorous from residential and industrial areas and public facilities. However, toxic, conventional, and non-coventional pollutants from non-domestic sources that discharge into sewer system as well as domestic source with various chemicals could not be treated in the conventional PSTPs and discharged untreated to public basin. In this paper we aim to consider the establishment system of effluent standard of PSTPs in comparison with water quality standard of water environment and wastewater discharge regulation. And also we suggest the necessity of regulations on the pretreatment of industrial wastewater as part of efforts to improve water quality in sewerage systems and to protect public basin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 2015

In accordance with the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan enforced on February 2, 2013, the different compliance concentration of effluent limit be applied to effluent discharged from public sewage treatment works(PSTWs) in each watershed on the basis of water quality thereof. With the introduction of watershed sewer system, it is necessary to set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs situated in the watershed, by region and PSTW size, to achieve water quality criteria for regional watersheds or target water quality under TMDL program. Watershed Environmental Agencies establish the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan and set the compliance concentrations of effluent limit for PSTWs under the plan. The agencies plan to apply tougher effluent BOD concentration limits in Class I to IV areas. Effluent BOD concentration limits will be toughened from 5~10 mg/L to 3 mg/L in class II~III areas, from 10mg/L to 5mg/L in class IV areas. Uniform application of effluent BOD concentration limits to PSTWs in the watershed sewer system need to be complemented considering type of sewage treatment technology employed and watershed characteristics. Therefore, this study presents method to determine the compliance concentration of effluent limit from PSTWs in the watershed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2012

In this paper, the feedback loop mechanisms among the operational indices and exogenous variables of a sewerage system that are inherent in the operation and maintenance of a sewerage system were identified using the System Dynamics (SD) modeling methodology. The identified feedback loops were used to develop a SD computer simulation model that can be used to predict future operational conditions of a sewerage system and identified the efficient ways of operation. The data of Busan metropolitan city sewerage system was applied to verify the developed SD model and predict future operational conditions of the system. As a result, it was predicted that sewage treatment efficiency, volume of sewage treatment and cost recovery rate will be gradually increased, whereas service rate which was already very close to the target will remain almost the same as the current value. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis concerning some operational indices was performed in order to discover the policy leverage. As a result, it was found that the exogenous variables related to the pipe maintenance had a great effect on facility using rate, volume of sewage treatment as well as sewage treatment efficiency.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2010

Integrated management systems (IMS) that control entire sewerage facilities in the upper reaches of multi-purpose dams are being constructed for their efficient operation and management. However, because the IMS installed in a watershed belong to several local government bodies, significant conflict would be expected between stakeholders in the process of deciding who should control the IMS after completion of the construction that was initially implemented under the support of central government. The objective of this study was to suggest a decision making to determine who should control the IMS for sewerage facilities in the upper reaches of multipurpose dams in Korea, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Three alternatives were selected to determine who should control the IMS for sewerage facilities: commissioning to public corporations, commissioning to private corporations, and a role-sharing partnership. In using the AHP technique, the emphasis was on comparing public interests, economics, efficiency, sustainability, specialty, grievance mediation and receptiveness. As a result, building a role-sharing partnership received the highest score. Commissioning to a special institute was also suggested as an alternative as this showed a score similar to that of building a role-sharing partnership.