• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

Korea's transportation paradigm is shifting from a vehicle-oriented transportation plan to a pedestrian-friendly environment that emphasizes walking safety. However, the level of pedestrian traffic accidents in Korea is still high and serious. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the severity of pedestrians traffic accidents using the multilevel logistic regression model based on 2015-2017 pedestrian accidents data provided by the Traffic Accident Analysis System(TAAS). The main results of the multilevel logistic regression model showed that 89% of pedestrian traffic accidents in Seoul were explained by individual characteristics such as drivers and pedestrians, and 11% were explained by neighborhood environmental characteristics. The results are as follows : In the individual characteristics such as pedestrians and drivers, the older the pedestrians and the drivers, the higher the traffic accident severity. The severity of traffic accidents was high when the pedestrians were female and the drivers were male. In the case of accident types, traffic accidents were more serious in the cases of heavy vehicles, inclement weather, and occurring at intersections and crosswalks. The results of the neighborhood environmental characteristics are as follows. The intersection density and the crosswalk density tended to reduce the severity of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the traffic light density and the school zones were founded to related to the higher level of traffic accident severity. This study suggests that both individual and neighborhood environmental characteristics should be considered together to prevent and reduce the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

Although accident data from the National Police Agency and insurance companies do not know the vehicle safety, the damage level information can be obtained from the data managed by the bus credit association or the bus company itself. So the accident severity was analyzed based on the side impact accidents using accident repair cost. K-means clustering analysis separated the cost of accident repair into 'minor', 'moderate', 'severe', and 'very severe'. In addition, the side impact accident severity was analyzed by using an ordered logit model. As a result, it is appeared that the longer the repair period, the greater the impact on the severity of the side impact accident. Also, it is appeared that the higher the number of collision points, the greater the impact on the severity of the side impact accident. In addition, oblique collisions of the angle of impact were derived to affect the severity of the accident less than right angle collisions. Finally, the absence of opponent vehicle and large commercial vehicles involved accidents were shown to have less impact on the side impact accident severity than passenger cars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

It is important to begin left ventricular assist device (LVAD) treatment at appropriate time for heart failure patients who expect cardiac recovery after the therapy. In order to predict the optimal timing of LVAD implantation, we predicted pumping efficacy of LVAD according to the severity of heart failure theoretically. We used LVAD-implanted cardiovascular system model which consist of 8 Windkessel compartments for the simulation study. The time-varying compliance theory was used to simulate ventricular pumping function in the model. The ventricular systolic dysfunction was implemented by increasing the end-systolic ventricular compliance. Using the mathematical model, we predicted cardiac responses such as left ventricular peak pressure, cardiac output, ejection fraction, and stroke work according to the severity of ventricular systolic dysfunction under the treatments of continuous and pulsatile LVAD. Left ventricular peak pressure, which indicates the ventricular loading condition, decreased maximally at the 1st level heart-failure under pulsatile LVAD therapy and 2nd level heart-failure under continuous LVAD therapy. We conclude that optimal timing for pulsatile LVAD treatment is 1st level heart-failure and for continuous LVAD treatment is 2nd level heart-failure when considering LVAD treatment as "bridge to recovery".

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the association between the severity of endometriosis and the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum level of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125). Methods: Data were obtained from the medical records of 419 patients who underwent laparoscopic conservative surgery for ovarian endometrioma between April 2005 and March 2013. Each patient's preoperative complete blood count was recorded and the endometriosis score was assessed. Results: The endometriosis score was not associated with either the NLR or the serum level of CA 125. The endometriosis score was negatively related to preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The only positive association was between NLR and the patients' age. NLR and preoperative serum anti-M$\ddot{u}$llerian hormone level were found to be negatively related. Conclusion: The severity of endometriosis was not associated with the serum level of CA 125 or the NLR. The presence of a negative correlation between the severity of endometriosis and red blood cell dynamics needs further investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

Korea has entered to 'aged society', which the elderly people over 65 years old is over 14% of total population. This paper aims to analyze the traffic accident by aging level. In pursuing the above, this paper focuses on modeling the traffic accident severity based on three aging levels. The main results are as follows. First, the ratio of fatal and serious injured persons (FSI) is judged to increase according to increasing aging level. Second, the null hypothesis that there is no difference in FSI among three aging levels (aging, aged, and super-aged) is rejected. Four accident severity generalized linear models which are all statistically significant have been developed. Third, the common variables are analyzed to be median age, the number of hospital beds per persons, and turn signal usage ratio. Fourth, the differentiated traffic safety policies fitted to aging levels are required. The enforcement of traffic law violation and safety enhancement of motorcycle in the region of 'aging society', improvement of traffic facilities in the region of 'aged society', and expansion of transportation facilities in the region of 'super-aged society' are evaluated to be indispensable.

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.392-401
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Leptin is associated with metabolic disorders, which predispose one to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The role of leptin in NAFLD pathogenesis is not fully understood. We aim to investigate the association between serum leptin level and severity of NAFLD using U.S. nationally representative data. Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was defined by ultrasound detection and severity of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases. The severity of hepatic fibrosis was determined by NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We used multivariate survey-weighted generalized logistic regression to evaluate the association between leptin level and the degree of NAFLD. We also performed subgroup analyses by body mass index (lean vs. classic NAFLD). Results: Among 4,571 people, 1,610 (35%) had NAFLD. By ultrasound findings, there were 621 people with mild, 664 with moderate, and 325 with severe steatosis. There were 885 people with low NFS (<-1.455, no significant fibrosis), 596 with intermediate NFS, and 129 with high NFS (>0.676, advanced fibrosis). Leptin levels for normal, mild, moderate and severe steatosis were $10.7{\pm}0.3ng/mL$, $12.1{\pm}0.7ng/mL$, $15.6{\pm}0.8ng/mL$, $16{\pm}1.0ng/mL$, respectively (trend P-value<0.001). Leptin levels for low, intermediate, and high NFS were $11.8{\pm}0.5ng/mL$, $15.6{\pm}0.8ng/mL$, $28.5{\pm}3.5ng/mL$, respectively (trend P-value<0.001). This association remained significant even after adjusting for known demographic and metabolic risk factors. In the subgroup analysis, this association was only prominent in classic NAFLD, but not in lean NAFLD. Conclusions: Serum leptin level is associated with the severity of NAFLD, especially in classic NAFLD patients.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

This study was conducted to propose an insight into the appropriateness of hospital length of stay(LOS) by developing a severity-adjusted LOS model for patients with pneumonia, organism unspecified. The pneumonia risk-adjustment model developed in this paper is based upon the 2006-2010 the Korean National Hospital Discharge in-depth Injury Survey. Decision tree analysis revealed that age, admission type, insurance type, and the presence of additional disorders(pleural effusion, respiratory failure, sepsis, congestive heart failure etc.) were major factors affecting the severity-adjusted model using the Clinical Classifications Software(CCS). Also there was a difference in LOS among the regional hospitals, especially the hospital LOS has not been efficiently managed in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Daejeon, and Busan. To appropriately manage hospital LOS, reliable statistical information about severity-adjusted LOS should be generated on a national level to make sure that hospitals voluntarily reduce excessive LOS and manage main causes of delayed discharge.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Objectives This study investigated associations between symptom severity and neurocognitive functions in patients with major depressive disorder using comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Methods Ten patients with low depression (LD) and 22 patients with high depression (HD) participated. Symptom severity was determined by both the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Additionally, anxiety was measured by the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-KYZ). Ten subtests of the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (K-WAIS), Stroop test, the word/design fluency tests were administered to assess cognition. Results The LD and HD groups did not differ in any of cognitive measures but anxiety level. Namely, the HD group obtained significantly higher scores on the state (U = 29.50, p < 0.01) and trait (U = 28.50, p < 0.001) anxiety scales than the LD group. A significant interaction effect between trait anxiety and depression severity was observed on the picture arrangement subtest of the K-WAIS [F (1, 27) = 5.09, p < 0.05]. Conclusions Cognitive deficits observed in patients with major depressive disorder may be related to other factors rather than current symptom severity. Trait anxiety possibly moderates the effect of current symptom severity on social judgment in these patients.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1998

In this research, we studied reach the conclusion with more probability for predicting the severity which based on fire cases in domestic department stores for last 30 years. Considering the number of yearly fire cases in department stores and the cost of damage, we set the risk level. Moreover, this research shows the severity of fire in department stores through its scenario applying to FPETOOL program which NIST in USA has developed. By the result of FPETOOL program operation, we could acquired information about the time reaching the point where people are in danger in temperature, smoke layer and gas concentration. When a fire breaks out in a department store, a great loss of property and life is significant, as well as the potential risk is awfully considerable. Therefore, we should prevent a five from occuring.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to draw the characteristics of occupational accidents occurred in cabling work, and assess accident severity based on occupational injury data. Background: Accident factors and accident risk are different by the place of work in cabling work. Field managers require information on accident prevention that can be easily understood by workers. However, there has been a lack of studies that focus on cabling work in Korea. Method: This study classifies 450 injured persons caused in cabling work by process, and analyzes the characteristics of occupational injuries from the aspects of age, work experience and accident type. This study also analyzes accident frequency and severity of injury. Results: Results show that preparing/finishing (33.3%) was the most common type of cabling process in injuries, followed by maintenance (28.4%), routing/income (23.1%) and wiring/installation (15.1%) process. The critical incidents in the level of risk management were falls from height in the routing/incoming process, and falls from height in the maintenance process. And, incidents ranked as 'High' level of risk management were slips and trips, fall from height and vehicle incident in the preparing/finishing process, and fall from height in the wiring/installation process. Conclusion and Application: The relative frequency of accident and its severity by working process serve as important information for accident prevention, and are critical for determining priorities in preventive measures.