• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1984

For the modification of kiln drying schedule, relations between resistance to drying Rd and the moisture content or drying times were found for 4/4, 6/4 and 8/4 green Douglas fir heartwood by the mild drying schedule and the severe drying schedule until the average moisture content was about 10 percent. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Resistance to drying of thicker lumber was higher than that of thinner lumber and resistance to drying of three different thicknesses were negligible between the mild-and the severe drying schedule. The relationships between resistance to drying and two schedules or three thicknesses of lumber were $Rd_1=1.830{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.24}$ for 4/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_2=1.822{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.25}$ for 4/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule, $Rd_3=2.352{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.14}$ for 6/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_4=3.457{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.27}$ for 6/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule, $Rd_5=1.317{\times}10^6\;M^{-2.56}$ for 8/4 lumber by the mild drying schedule, $Rd_6=8.267{\times}10^5\;M^{-2.40}$ for 8/4 lumber by the severe drying schedule. 2. Thinner lumber exhibited lower level of moisture content and shorter drying time required at intersection point between the moisture content and resistance to drying as a function of drying time than those of thicker lumber. Drying time of mild drying was longer than that of severe drying and similar to the level of moisture content at intersection point.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2021

The emergency medical service system in Korea was built upon the Emergency Medical Service Act, 1995 to respond adequately to be much in demand for emergency medical services. In addition, the government recognized the importance of the trauma care system and set out to plan for the designation and establishment of the regional trauma center by 2012. This study aimed to investigate features of quality management and trauma fee schedule on better understanding of trauma care system. First, quality management of the regional trauma center has been implemented by several quality programs involved in quality assessment, committee on trauma quality management, and mortality and morbidity conference. Second, the trauma fee schedule has reflected a specific quality of severe traumatic conditions and added the result to it, which are graded A, B, and C according to quality assessment. Although the government has contributed to instituting a trauma quality assessment program and trauma fee schedule for the regional trauma center, it could not lead to such a fixed standard for quality management of them. Therefore, it will promote discussion on the sustainability of the regional trauma center that requires reducing preventable trauma death rate and the way to apply comprehensive quality management.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

Specific energy curves for water removal in vacuum-press drying of different thick softwoods of red pine (Pinus densiflora), white pine (Pinus koraiensis), larch (L. leptolepis) and Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) were split into three sections: increased slowly, fairly constant, and increased rapidly. Calculated specific energy for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11cm thick lumber was a value of 0.483, 0.649, 0.814, 0.977 and 1.138kWh/kg of water, respectively. Specific energy almost linearly increased as lumber thickness increased, and specific energy for severe schedule was less than that for mild schedule. Average specific energy was 0.712kWh/kg and vacuum-press drying consumed less energy as compared with any other drying methods.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.883-887
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• 2016

The power supply system in Korean electrified railway has adopted AT feeding. If a fault occurs in some substation for any reason, the vicinity substation must feed electric power on the outage substation through catenary. So, the feeding distance grows twice of the normal state at extended feeding condition. If substation's feeding distance is longer than normal condition, the catenary impedance and train to supply electric power from the substation. Therefore, the severe voltage drop can occur and power supply shall be not allowed. This paper presents the model of compensator against voltage drop using multi-port network algorithm. Whole traction power supply system can be analyzed with this model. Computer simulation including this model is performed based on real train schedule and increased schedule in case studies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 1994

This study was carried out to estimate drying schedule of Fagaceae four species grown in Kangwon-Do by oven-drying at $100^{\circ}C$ which aimed to elucidate the characteristics such as current moisture content, drying process, initial check, collapse and internal check during drying. The results were summerized as follows ; Current moisture content of each board showed a rapid drying curve with the hight initial moisture content of board and species with the high initial moisture content took long to do drying. Appearance of checks for Quercus variabilis were extremely severe and estimated schedule was $T_5-C_2$. The shrinkage rate of grain direction was in the order of tangential direction > radial direction > longitudial direction and the shrinkage rate of oven-drying at $100^{\circ}C$ was bigger than normal shrinkage rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2012

Construction work is affected by the weather; e.g. snowfall, rainfall and low-high ambient temperature, especially at a site in a severe climate. The influence of the weather is one of the possible reasons for delays in a construction schedule and quality deterioration. To protect the worksite from severe weather conditions, the temporary roof and wall could be installed on the outside of main structures designed in advance and the temporary structures could be took down after a period use. The greater coverage all-weather construction method is applied, the larger the effect. so, it is important and needs that the temporary roof and wall can be widely applied, designed to effectively about structure and layout.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2018

Lindera erythrocarpa is a less utilized species in Korea although that it has straight stem and it grows up to 40 cm in diameter. A proper kiln-dry schedule is required in advance to utilize an unknown species. Terazwa's quick oven-dry method was used to find it and which was confirmed by drying 25 mm thick boards in a kiln. The average green moisture content and the average green specific gravity of Lindera erythrocarpa are 72.3% and 0.53, respectively. Prospective kiln-drying conditions obtained by Terazwa's quick oven-dry method are a initial dry-bulb temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, a initial wet-bulb depression of $4^{\circ}C$ and a final dry-bulb temperature of $75^{\circ}C$, which are in a good agreement with USDA FPL kiln-dry schedule of T5-D4. 25 mm thick boards dried in a kiln with T5-D4 kiln-dry schedule did not have any severe drying defects such as honycombing and warping. A severer kiln-dry schedule of T8-C5 was developed and applied to another kiln-drying run to confirm it.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.806-807
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• 2007

Systematic studies on the dispatch scheduling algorithm and related constraints can enhance the effectiveness of electricity market operation. When System Operator (SO) establishes a dispatch schedule, the bid information should be preserved in the schedule as much as possible. In this paper, we introduce a new type of sensitivity factor called Line Outage Impact Factor (LOIF) to screen a transmission line causing the most severe outage when scheduling the dispatch. This screening can assure the stable system operation and make an efficient feedback between the SO and market participants. We propose a transmission line contingency constrained Pre-dispatch algorithm using sensitivity indices in a suitable Pre-dispatch scheduling. The proposed algorithm has been tested on sample system and the results show more secure operation against critical contingencies.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.235-253
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• 1992

A subacute toxicity study of cis-Malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II)(SKI 2053R) was carried out to obtain information on its toxicological profiles, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose in beagle dogs. Four groups of beagle dogs (2M and 2F per group, 0,0.5,1.0,2.0mg/kg/day)were given 15 i.v. injections of SKI 2053R. In order to compare the toxic effects of SKI 2053R with those of cisplatin, one group was treated with cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)according to the same treatment schedule. The dosing schedule was divided into 3 courses of 5 consecutive days with 23-day dose-free intervals between each course. After completion of the treatments, remaining dogs were necropsied under established guidelines. Three of four dogs in the high dose group and one of four dogs in the middle dose group treated with SKI 2053R died of hypovolemic shock secondary to hemorrhagic and ulcerative enterocolitis. No toxicity-related mortality occurred in the low dose group of SKI 2053R. No survivor was observed in the group of cisplatin. Clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and loss body weight were apparent in dogs given either cisplatin or high and middle doses of SKI 2053R. Severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia were observed in the high dose group of SKI 2053R and cisplatin-treatment group, while toxicities as bone marrow suppression were reversible. The significant elevation of serum ALP values in group of SKI 2053R(2.0 mg/kg/day and 1.0mg/kg/day) and cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)was observed. Slight proteinuria waa observed in high and middle dose level groups of SKI 2053R. In histopathological examinations, pathological alterations of liver, kidney and spleen were noted dose-dependantly in dogs treated with SKI 2053R, and there was no overt sign of toxicity in low dose group of SKI 2053R. Compared to SKI 2053R, more severe durg-related toxicities occurred in dogs treated with cisplatin. It waw estimated that maximum tolerated dose of SKI 2053R in this treatment schedule was 0.5~0.7mg/kg/day. In conclusion, overall toxic potential of SKI 2053R was approximately 3 times lower than that of cisplatin with respect of lethality.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 1988

For the modification of kiln drying schedule, rela ons between drying resistance R and moisture content or drying times were found 2.5cm-and 5.0cm-thick pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) board and dimension lumber by the conventional kiln drying schedule until the average moisture content was 10%. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Drying resistance increased curvilinearly as moisture content decreased, and was higher for dimension lumber than for board at a given moisture content. The relationships between drying resistance and moisture content for the conventional kiln drying schedule and thickness of lumber were 1) $R_{2.5}=6.795\times10^3M^{-1.27^{**}}$ for 2.5cm-thick board by the conventional kiln drying schedule. 3) $R_{5.0}=5.206\times10^4M^{-1.55^{**}}$ for 5.0cm-thick dimension lumber by the conventional kiln drying schedule. 2. As drying time increased, moisture content decreased and drying resistance increased at the same time. Gradient of slope for dimension lumber was gentler than board. 3. The predicted drying times to 10% moisture content with the conventional kiln drying schedule were a little shorter than actual drying times with relatively small error. 4. It is necessary for the conventional kiln drying schedule to be modified to provide the desired final moisture content at minimum drying time with no significant degrade under severe drying conditions. 5. The kiln factors for 2.5cm-thick board and 5.0cm-thick dimension lumber with the conventional kiln drying schedule were 1.112, 1.136, respectively.