• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.170-173
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• 2014

In order to assess the impact of proprioceptive exercises on the position sense ability of the knee joint, we conducted an analysis using Biodex System $3pro^{(R)}$, targeting 42 ordinary people (male=22, female=20). After applying proprioceptive exercise, we measured changes in balance and flexibility, and active articular position sense (AAPS), depending on gender. To find out the change in each measurement item variable, we carried out dependent t-tests. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. The research showed that after applying the proprioceptive exercise, AAPS was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). In the case of women, the flexibility was significantly improved (p<.01). Also, the balance was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). Therefore, the proprioceptive exercise program is considered to be very useful in improving muscle and joint function, and preventing injuries. Thus, continuous clinical studies using Biodex system $3pro^{(R)}$ are required for a variety of scientific evaluations of proprioceptive skills.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2015

Background: The recent change in pharmaceutical education system following the paradigm shift to patient-oriented pharmacy service requires an in-depth discussion to reorganize a future direction and establish a basis for maximizing social values of community pharmacy service. Objective: This study was conducted to review the current status of community pharmacy service provision in Korea based on published literatures. Methods: The electronic databases of National Digital Science Library and Electronic National Assembly Library were used to search the journal articles and dissertation papers. A search term "community pharmacy" was used and the published period was limited to papers published after year 2001, when the legal separation of prescribing and dispensing was implemented. Relevant study reports were also searched manually. Information about pharmacy service provision and study outcomes were retrieved from the selected papers, and classified by predefined individual service scope. Results: A total 33 papers reporting services provided by community pharmacies were selected (journal article 11, dissertation paper 17, and study report 5). Pharmacy services identified in these papers could be classified into prescription dispensing service, pharmaceutical care service, self medication service, other products service, and health promotion service. Twenty papers reported prescription dispensing services, three papers reported pharmaceutical care service, and only two papers reported health promotion service. Current community pharmacy services are highly dependent on prescription drugs while expanded services such as pharmaceutical care and health promotion are peripheral. Most prevalent research topic was medication counseling service (18 papers), reflecting that community pharmacists generally consider it to be the most important and fundamental service. Overall, current pharmacy services are very limited and focus on prescription dispensing service. Conclusion: At this point of time requiring expansion and quality improvement of community pharmacy services, we suggest further lively discussion to strengthen pharmacist's functional identity and set conditions for providing socially expected services.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to survey the effects of Karvonen exercise prescription in coronary artery disease patients reaching age-predicted maximal heart rates with the exercise stress test on hemodynamic responses and cardiorespiratory fitness. The subject group was comprised of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, who were divided into the maximal heart rate (MHR) group that included those who completed the test with their heart rates reaching the number of 220-age and the maximal dyspnea (MD) group that included those who could not continue the test due to respiratory difficulty and were asked to stop the test. Both groups had the exercise stress test before and after the experiment. In the exercise stress test before the experiment, the exercise prescription intensity of Karvonen was set at the target heart rates of 50~85% with a six-week exercise monitoring arrangement. As a result, there were no interactive effects in rest heart rate (RHR) according to time and group, but interactive effects were observed in maximal heart rate (MHR) (P=0.000). Both rest systolic blood pressure (RSBP) and rest diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) had no interactive effects according to time and group. Maximal systolic blood pressure (MSBP) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.017). Maximal diastolic blood pressure (MDBP) showed no interactive effects according to time and group, while maximal rate pressure product (MRPP) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.003). Maximal time (MT) had no interactive effects according to time and group. $VO_{2max}$ and maximal metabolic equivalent (MMET) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.000, P=0.002, respectively), whereas maximal respiratory exchange ratio (MRER) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (MRPE) showed no interactive effects according to time and group. The exercise test that was discontinued as the subjects reached the predicted maximal heart rates considering age did not reach the maximal exercise intensity and accordingly showed low exercise effects when applied to Karvonen exercise prescription intensity. That is, the test should keep going by monitoring cardiac events, MRER and MRPE until the heart rates exceed the predicted MHR by up to 10~12 even after the subject reaches the predicted MHR considering age in the exercise stress test.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.753-760
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• 2018

Objective : We investigated the effect of optimization in dose-limiting shell method on the dosimetric quality of CyberKnife (CK) plans in treating brain metastases (BMs). Methods : We selected 19 BMs previously treated using CK between 2014 and 2015. The original CK plans ($CK_{original}$) had been produced using 1 to 3 dose-limiting shells : one at the prescription isodose level (PIDL) for dose conformity and the others at low-isodose levels (10-30% of prescription dose) for dose spillage. In each case, a modified CK plan ($CK_{modified}$) was generated using 5 dose-limiting shells : one at the PIDL, another at intermediate isodose level (50% of prescription dose) for steeper dose fall-off, and the others at low-isodose levels, with an optimized shell-dilation size based on our experience. A Gamma Knife (GK) plan was also produced using the original contour set. Thus, three data sets of dosimetric parameters were generated and compared. Results : There were no differences in the conformity indices among the $CK_{original}$, $CK_{modified}$, and GK plans (mean 1.22, 1.18, and 1.24, respectively; p=0.079) and tumor coverage (mean 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.4%, respectively; p=0.177), whereas the $CK_{modified}$ plans produced significantly smaller normal tissue volumes receiving 50% of prescription dose than those produced by the $CK_{original}$ plans (p<0.001), with no statistical differences in those volumes compared with GK plans (p=0.345). Conclusion : These results indicate that significantly steeper dose fall-off is able to be achieved in the CK system by optimizing the shell function while maintaining high conformity of dose to tumor.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.459-474
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• 2005

치아 모형 및 셋업 모형에서의 정확한 순설측 및 근원심 경사의 측정을 위해 개발된 셋업 모형 측정기로 4개의 제1소구치 발거 후 설측 교정치료를 시행 받은 22명의 성인 환자들의 치료 전후의 진단 모형 및 셋업 모형을 계측하여 설측 교정치료에서 간접 접착술식을 위해 사용되는 셋업 모형의 형태가 치료 결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 치료 전 진단 모형과 셋업 모형간의 상하악 6전치의 순설측 및 근원심 경사 차이는 각각 $-3.93{\pm}6.98^{\circ},\;1.87{\pm}5.79^{\circ}$ 였으며 셋업 모형과 치료 후 치아 모형간의 차이는 $-4.31{\pm}5.91^{\circ},\;-2.16{\pm}3.27^{\circ}$였다. 치료 후 치아 모형에서는 치료 전에 비해 상하악 전치부의 순설측 경사가 $-8.24{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$ 만큼 유의성 있게 변화되었다. 또한 facebow transfer 등을 통해 교합기에 치아 모형을 거상하지 않고도 셋업 모형 측정기만으로 치아 모형과 측모 두부방사선규격사진을 서로 연계하여 분석하는 방법을 고안하여 그 임상적용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 셋업 모형 측정기를 사용하여 진단용 모형으로부터 측정한 계측 게이지 각과 측모 두부방사선규격사진상에 동일한 계측점화 선분들을 작도하여 측정한 산출 게이지 각을 비교하였으며 그 결과 상하악 모두에서 유의성 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 셋업 모형 측정기를 사용하여 측모 두부방사선사진에서의 계측 치들을 진단용 모형에서의 계측치와 서로 연계시켜 분석하고 이를 셋업 모형 제작 시 반영하는 방법이 임상적으로 사용 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2003

Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is based on the theory of Sasang (Taeyang, Soyang, Taeum, Soeum) in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM). It is hypothesized that all of the things in the material world can be divided into the four categories of SCM. We made a new attempt to combine nutritive components, and patterns in physical activities with SCM. At first, we hypothetically divided the nutrients into 4 compartments according to SCM theory, and human body composition as well. These factors could be basically related to Sasangin Exercise Treatment (SET). Therefore, we applied sasangin theory to exercise prescription. As a research method, we hypothesized that human beings' types can be distinguished by mind and body. Mind was focused on exercise psychological aspects, and body also handled by nutrients, body compositions, body shapes, and exercise physiological aspects. For application of sasang theory to the exercise prescriptions, Taeumin as a sample sasangin was selected in this study. We concluded that in perspective of general traits, Taeumin have to reduce their carbohydrate intake volume, but greatly increase their intake of vitamins, minerals, and water in daily diet. They are also recommended exercises that can increase cardiorespiratory function and make them sweat, like endurance running, hiking, swimming, cycling, etc.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to utilizing the Tetrax$^{(R)}$ balance measuring instrument in order to analyze the postural balance of males and females in their 30 s diagnosed with chronic lower back pain who have followed a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program. The research also examines the effects on any change in back pain level. In terms of the variables in this research, postural balance (left/right, front/back, postural balance) and pain level change (0~100 mm) were measured. Pre-/post-experimental differences were assessed using the paired-t test. In addition, to identify any gender gap, we set the preliminary scores as a covariate and ran the Analysis of Covariance. Statistical significance (a) herein was set at 0.05. As a result of this research experiment, the left/right, front/back, and overall postural balance were found to increase in both the male and female cases, but with no statistical significance or gender gap. However, both males and females showed a significant decrease in their back pain levels. These findings demonstrate the necessity of continuing clinical research based on the Tetrax$^{(R)}$ equipment for scientific evaluation of the effects of rehabilitation exercises on chronic lower back pain patients and their balancing ability.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2007

Treatment of hypertension is important in reducing death and attack rates by Ischemic heart disease (IHD). The purposes of this study are to investigate recent prescriptions for patients with IHD and to evaluate antihypertensive drug use. On the basis of the guidelines proposed by Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure, we analyzed prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs for patients with IHD. It is necessary to set up new guideline for appropriate treatment to lower death and attack rates for patients with IHD.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회(The 2000 Autumn Conference of korea Technology Inovation Society)(한국기술혁신학회)
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• pp.297-311
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• 2000

Since 1996 when Kosdaq market was set up, serious doubt has been raised regarding the efficiency of the market. The most important question is whether this market can reflect the real value of the venture company quoted on it. In order to answer this question, this study aimed to evaluate venture companies in Kosdaq market adopting the concept of real option theory. From the results of empirical analysis, we found that in the early 2000, there was serious over-valuation problem. On the contrary, in the recent period of economic recession, under-valuation problem is quite prevalent. We also present our methodology and empirical results confirm the conjecture that option premium outweighs the DCF valor for the newly born and high-technology intensive venture companies. We hope that the empirical results shed some light on the policy prescription to improve the efficiency of Kosdaq market.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

In an effort to enhance the quality of feature vector classification and thereby reduce the recognition error rate of the speaker-independent speech recognition, we employ the Mahalanobis distance in the calculation of the similarity measure between feature vectors. It is assumed that the metric matrix of the Mahalanobis distance be diagonal for the sake of cost reduction in memory and time of calculation. We propose that the diagonal elements be given in terms of the variations of the feature vector components. Geometrically, this prescription tends to redistribute the set of data in the shape of a hypersphere in the feature vector space. The idea is applied to the speech recognition by hidden Markov model with fuzzy vector quantization. The result shows that the recognition is improved by an appropriate choice of the relevant adjustable parameter. The Viterbi score difference of the two winners in the recognition test shows that the general behavior is in accord with that of the recognition error rate.