• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2010

Recent researches of network structure are moving to high-level networks because there are already many research results of low-level network. Especially, current network services has been changed to the multimedia service using multicast routing such as IPTV(Internet Protocol Television) service. And then previous multicast services were provider oriented. So previous multicast structures were organized server/client model. But future multicast services will make user oriented services. Therefore there will be many service providers in the future. At this point, we study P2P network for supporting multi provider. So we research load balancing and contents lookup protocols in P2P network. In this paper, we propose network protocol and system based on super peer P2P for load balancing and efficiently service search. And we considered mobile environment for mobile IPTV.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Overlay multicasting has received a lot of attention as a core technology for multimedia streaming service. In this paper, we consider the discrete optimal rate allocation problem in multimedia overlay multicasting, which has been proposed by Akbari et al.[2]. The computational complexity of this problem is not known. Thus, we propose a special case which can be solved in polynomial time.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.443-461
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• 2014

Overlay routing has emerged as a promising approach to improve reliability and efficiency of the Internet. For one-hop overlay source routing, when a given primary path suffers from the link failure or performance degradation, the source can reroute the traffic to the destination via a strategically placed relay node. However, the over-heavy traffic passing through the same relay node may cause frequent package loss and delay jitter, which can degrade the throughput and utilization of the network. To overcome this problem, we propose a Load-Balanced One-hop Overlay Multipath Routing algorithm (LB-OOMR), in which the traffic is first split at the source edge nodes and then transmitted along multiple one-hop overlay paths. In order to determine an optimal split ratio for the traffic, we formulate the problem as a linear programming (LP) formulation, whose goal is to minimize the worse-case network congestion ratio. Since it is difficult to solve this LP problem in practical time, a heuristic algorithm is introduced to select the relay nodes for constructing the disjoint one-hop overlay paths, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the LP algorithm. Simulations based on a real ISP network and a synthetic Internet topology show that our proposed algorithm can reduce the network congestion ratio dramatically, and achieve high-quality overlay routing service.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1983

Many pressure vessels for the hot H$\sub$2//H$\sub$2/S service are made of 2+1/4Cr-1Mo steel with austenitic stainless steel overlay to combat agressive corrosion due to hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen dissolves in to materials during operation, and sometimes gives rise to unfore-seeable damages. Appropriate precautions must, therefore, be taken to avoid the hydrogen induced damages in the design, fabrication and operation stage of such reactor vessels. Recently, hydrogeninduced cracking (or Disbonding) was found at the interface between base metal and stainless weld overlay of a desulfurizing reactor. Since the stainless steel overlay weld metal is subjected to thermal and internal-pressure loads in reactor operation, it is desirable for the overlay weld metal to have high strength and ductility from the stand point of structural safety. In section III of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Post-Weld Heat Treatment(PWHT) of more than one hour per inch at over 1100.deg. F(593.deg. C) is required for the weld joints of low alloy pressure vessel steels. This heat treatment to relieve stresses in the welded joint during construction of the pressure vessel is considered to cause sensitization of the overlay weld metal. The present study was carried out to make clear the diffusion of carbon migration by PWHT in dissimilar metal welded joint. The main conclusion reached from this study are as follows: 1) The theoretical analysis for diffusion of carbon in stainless steel overlay weld metal does not agree with Fick's 2nd law but the general law of molecular diffusion phenomenon by thermodynamic chemical potential. 2) In the stainless steel overlay welded joint, the PWHT at 720.deg. C for 10 hours causes a diffusion of carbon atoms from ferritic steel into austenitic steel according to the theoretical analysis for carbon migration and its experiment. 3) In case of PWHT at 720.deg. C for 10 hours, the micro-hardness of stainless steel weld metal in bonded zone increase very highly in the carburized layer with remarkable hardening than that of weld metal.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2008

IP 멀티캐스트의 대안으로 제시되고 있는 오버레이 멀티캐스트는 네트워크계층의 구현 기법으로, 지연 시간과 대역폭 사용에 있어서 표준화된 인터페이스가 정의되어 있지 않아 응용 서비스의 요구사항에 따라 해당 기법을 선택해서 사용해야 하는 비효율적인 면을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 오버레이 멀티캐스트 기법 중 분산형 Tree-first 기반의 spanning tree 구조인 TBCP기법과 mOBCP기법을 상호 비교하여 세션 가입절차 및 탈퇴, 노드의 단절을 순차적인 대기방법인 tree 구조를 적용하였다. 이 두 기법을 동일시간대에 다수의 사용자 접속 시 최적의 부모노드를 빠르게 선택하도록 제안된 tree 구조 방식의 해석결과 mOBCP기법이 TBCP기법에 비해 평균 대기시간이 약 36% 감소하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권12B호
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• pp.1058-1065
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• 2008

인터넷의 대부분의 데이터가 이미지, 음성, 비디오 등의 고용량 데이터임을 감안할 때 이를 고속으로 처리할 수 있는 네트워크 상에서의 멀티미디어 데이터의 처리 요구가 증가하고 있다. 네트워크 상에서 IP 멀티캐스트의 대안으로 고려되어지는 오버레이 멀티캐스트는 하드웨어적인 인프라의 구축 없이도 시스템의 자원과 네트워크 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있는 기법이다. 하지만 고용량의 멀티미디어를 요구하는 다중 사용자들에 대한 요구서비스에 대한 적합한 모델과 중간 노드의 이탈 시 발생하게 되는 멀티캐스트 트리의 복구에 대한 적절한 모델이 필요하다 본 논문에서는 시간적 스케일링을 통해 패킷 간 지연(Jitter)을 적용하여 현재 네트워크 상태를 파악한다. 파악된 네트워크 정보에 따라 제안한 다중 사용자 서비스 제어 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 멀티미디어 요구에 대한 지연시간의 영향을 최소화하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안된 모델이 기존의 기법들 보다 적은 복구시간이 소요되고 멀티미디어 서비스 요구에 대한 다중 사용자 노드의 이탈로 인해 많은 수의 노드가 영향을 받는 상황일수록 더욱 효과적인 방안임을 보여주고 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.3904-3917
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• 2017

IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) is an open standardized architecture for delivering multimedia service over IP network in a route-agnostic manner. With the increasing popularity of conversational class service, the delivery of a traffic flow with a certain bandwidth demand over a single network path is either not possible or not cost-effective. Multipath transmission is considered to be a promising solution to provide high-quality delivery service. This paper proposes a software defined service overlay network (SDSON) based multipath transmission framework for IMS, which is complementary to existing network architecture. The framework transforms original two-party session negotiation into three-party session negotiation that supports participants to negotiate multipath transmission capacity and path information by signaling message. Based on existing IETF standards, SIP and SDP are scalable to support these functions. Finally, the proposed framework is fully implemented on open source platform and examined by experiments. Experimental results show that multipath-enabled IMS is an effective way to improve the delivery performance of conversational class service.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제26권B호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

Internet telephony provides voice communication services with added flexibility for multimedia extension at a lower cost compared to traditional telephone systems. We implemented an internet telephony system as an overlay network without a centralized server, using a distributed hash table (DHT). Compared to the current server-based internet telephony system, our system is fault-tolerant, scalable, and can be flexible extended to various services and advanced to integrated service. To demonstrate the high flexibility of our DHT-based internet telephony system, we made our system cooperate with web servers. Web users can check up others' online stales and establish voice communication sessions to online users at a mouse click. This technology can be applied to more complex services such as multimedia messaging or video conference service.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1998

This ppaer suggests a congestion control scheme for CL(ConnectionLess) overlay network using the feedback loops getween CL werver, between CL servers, and the header translation table of CL server. The CL overlay network for CBDS(Connectionless Broadband Data Service) defined by ITU0T(International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication) consists of CL servers which route frames and links which connect between CL user and CL server or between CL servers. In this CL overlay network, two kinds of congestions, link congestion and CL server congestion, may occur. We suggest a scheme that can solve the congestion using ABR(Available Bit Rate) feedback control loop, the traffic control mechanism. This scheme is the link-by-link method suing the ABR feedback control loops between CL user and CL server or between CL servers, and the header translation table of CL server. As CL servers are always endpoints of ABR connections, the congestion staturs of the CL server can be informed to the traffic sources using RM(Resource Management) cell of the ABR feedback loops. Also CL server knows the trafffic sources making congestion by inspecting the source address field of CLNAP-PDUs(ConnectionLess Network Access Protocol - Protocol Data Units). Therefore this scheme can be implemeted easily using only both ABR feedback control loop of ATM layer and the congestion state table using the header translation table of CL server because it does not require separate feedback links for congestion control of CL servers.