• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.350-360
• /
• 2013

The satisfaction of customers, who are in a servicescape, will be subject to many environment stimulations. In particularly, in the hospitality industry such as restaurants service experience for customer is very important. Thus, not only the stylistic elements but also the social and socially symbolic elements. So this paper expands Bitner's servicescape framework by conceptualizing the existence of a expanded servicescape. The expanded servicescape has three important dimensions, which is the physical, the social and the socially symbolic. Structural modeling largely supports the hypothesized framework and the results about the relationship between expanded servicescape factors, relationship quality(satisfaction, trust, commitment) and repurchase are summarized as follows. And this study utilizes a questionnaire survey to gather data regarding consumers' perceptions by using expanded servicescape. First, the analysis proved that except comfort the physical dimensions which including comfort, convenience, aesthetics caused a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Second, social dimensions which including appearance, etiquette and professionalism caused a positive impact on customer trust. Third, except community symbolic dimensions which including nostalgia, connection to culture caused a positive impact on customer commitment. Forth, it proved that expected relationship quality(customer satisfaction, trust, commitment) caused a positive impact on repurchase behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.938-943
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the hazard analysis of ready-to-eat sandwiches sold in various establishments. Sandwich samples were collected from convenience stores, discount stores, sandwich chain stores, bakery shops, fast-food chain stores, and food service operations located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Out of 174 samples, 18 (10.3%) contained coagulase positive staphylococci with counts ranging from 0.30 to 4.08 log CFU/g. There was significant seasonal difference in Staphylococcus aureus isolation; the average count in summer (3.24 log CFU/g) was 3 times higher than that of winter (1.10 log CFU/g) (P<0.001). According to the microbiological guidelines of PHLS for ready-to-eat foods, 95.4% of the samples were acceptable. As a result of enterotoxin producing experimental data ($35^{\circ}C$, pH 5.8, NaCl 0.5%), enterotoxin was not produced in a sandwich until Staphylococcus aureus increased to a level greater than 4.95 log CFU/g. This microbiological hazard analysis data could be applied to future studies on quantitative risk assessment of ready-to-eat foods.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2015

MOLIT (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) authorized Indoor Spatial Information as Basic spatial information in 2013. It became a legal evidence for constructing and managing Indoor Spatial Information. Although it has a little advantage to utilize as service level that Indoor Spatial Information by laser scan or measurement, it has a lot of problems such as consuming many resources, requiring additional progresses for inputting Object Information. In conclusion, it is inefficient to utilize for the maintenance and domestic AEC/FM field. The purposes of this study is to output Indoor Spatial Information by operating IFC model which based on open BIM and to improve availability of Indoor Spatial Information with data visualization. The open-sources of IFC Exporter, a inner program of Revit (Autodesk Inc), is used to output Indoor Spatial Information. Directs 3D Library is also operated to visualize Indoor Spatial Information. It is possible to inter-operate between XML format and the objects of Indoor Spatial Information. It can be utilized in various field as well. For example COBie linkage in facility management, construction of geo-database using air-photogrammetry of UAV (Unmaned Areal Vehicle), the simulation of large-scale military operations and the simulation of large-scale evacuation. The method that is purposed in this study has outstanding advantages such as conformance with national spatial information policy, high level of interoperability as indoor spatial information objects based on IFC, convenience of editing information, light level of data and simplifying progress of producing information.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2009

At present, an intelligent transport system (ITS) is being actively introduced as an alternative plan to solve various transport problems, and a traffic information provision service, a field of ITS, is being provided to users through diverse media. However, the evaluation of how useful the traffic information provided to the road users is limited to a simple questionnaire, and the systematic evaluation about what factors affect the usefulness of traffic information has not been realized. Therefore, it is impossible to calculate user convenience occurring due to traffic information, This paper aimed to develop an index to evaluate user satisfaction levels with traffic information and develop a user satisfaction level model. A result of establishing a user satisfaction level model by executing a questionnaire survey for the analysis object of variable message sign (VMS), a representative information provision medium, showed that 'desire satisfaction', 'trust', 'understanding', and 'efficiency' have an effect. Of them, the 'understanding' showed the highest level, so it was seen that, in case of VMS, how easily the character, figure, expression, etc. provided in the information was understood by users has the biggest effect on the satisfaction level of the information. The next levels of effects on the satisfaction was in the order of 'user trust', 'efficiency', and 'desire satisfaction'.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.11
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2013

Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the availability of educational materials for foreign language learning. As part of this trend, there has been an increase in the amount of electronically mediated materials available. However, conventional educational contents developed using computer technology has provided typically one-way information, which is not the most helpful thing for users. Providing the user's convenience requires additional off-line analysis for diagnosing an individual user's learning. To improve the user's comprehension of texts written in a foreign language, we propose an intelligent learning tool based on the analysis of the user's eyeball movements, which is able to diagnose and improve foreign language reading ability by providing necessary supplementary aid just when it is needed. To determine the user's learning state, we correlate their eye movements with findings from research in cognitive psychology and neurophysiology. Based on this, the learning tool can distinguish whether users know or do not know words when they are reading foreign language sentences. If the learning tool judges a word to be unknown, it immediately provides the student with the meaning of the word by extracting it from an on-line dictionary. The proposed model provides a tool which empowers independent learning and makes access to the meanings of unknown words automatic. In this way, it can enhance a user's reading achievement as well as satisfaction with text comprehension in a foreign language.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.190-205
• /
• 1994

Respect for human life and respect for human dignity are two basic values to which organized nursing has urged its members to adhere in their service to mankind. Thus it is the nurses’ duty to provide health care in support of sustenance of life and to pay respect for the patient’s right to dignity. In practice, however, nurses may experience dilemmas between these duties much due to the de velopment of modern advanced techniques. These dilemmas have become more complex and difficult to resolve. Nurses are often faced with situations in which the terminally ill refuse professional care, posing serious conflicts between respect for human life and respect for human rights to self-determination. In such cases, resolution of the problem is not a simple matter, thus requires intensive study into the ethical questions related to the situation. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical problems that nurses experience in caring for terminally ill patients and explore the ways to the resolution of problems within the context of the situations. The methodology used for the study was a case study method which ‘New Casuistry’ proposed by Jonsen & Toulmin(1988) and the ‘Specified Principlism’ proposed by Degrazia(1992) as an alternative to old deductive and intuitive method. Cases were developed through semistructured indepth interviews according to the casutistry method. A total of seven nurses were interviewd who were caring for therminally ill patients. Four cases out of a total 14 cases were related to the topic. Through the case analysis it became evident that nurses appreciated other values more often than respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. These other values were convenience and efficiency in nursing practice in case 1, preservation of life above all other values in case 2, provision of nursing care to fulfill the nurse’s professional obligation at most in case 3, and respect for the family’s demand against the patient’s wish in case 4. This study showed that the most important ethical problems were conflict between respect for the patient’s right to self-determination and sustenance of life for the fulfillment of professional obligation. For this problem, benefit /burden analysis from the perspective of the patient and family for the promotion of patient’s wellbeing may be a way to resolve the conflict. Further, through these analysis it was shown that physicians’ and families’ opinions dominated in the decision - making and the opinions of nurses’ and patients’ tended not to be reflected. Thus the patient's right to his or her care was not readily respected. To solve this problem. nurses should make efforts to communicate reciprocally with their patients, family members and physicians in an effort to respect for their patient’s rights to life and diginity from the point of view and values of the patient. It is also important that nurses provide good basic nursing care up to the time of death regardless of decisions about providing or not aggressive treat-ment for chronically and terminally ill patients.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.78-88
• /
• 2016

Recently BIM technology has been expanded for using in construction project. However its spread has been delayed than the initial expectations, due to the high-cost of BIM infrastructure development, the lack of regulations, the lack of process and so forth. In design phase, especially, collaboration based on BIM system has being a key factor for successful next generation building project. Through the analysis of current research trend about IT technologies, virtualization and BIM service, data exchange such as drawing, 3D model, object data, properties using cloud computing and virtual server system is defined as a most successful solution. In various industrial fields, cloud computing technology is utilized as a promising solution which can reduce time and cost of hardware infrastructure. Among the cloud computing technology, VDI is receiving a great deal of attention from it market as an essential part cloud computing. VDI enables to host multiple individual virtual machines by using hypervisor. It has an advantage to easy main device management. Therefore, this study implements a step-by-step user's DaaS by analyzing the desktop resource data of the workers from Pre-design phase to Schematic design, Design develop and Construction design phase. It also develops BIM environment based on test of BIM modeler and designers in architectural design firm. The goal of the study is to enable the cloud computing BIM server. It provides cost saving, high-performance quality of working environment and cooperation's convenience and high security when doing BIM work in small and medium sized architectural design firm.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the satisfaction and requirements of users' devices after development of tablet based AAC(Augmentative and Alternatice Communication) application for Android. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction and the requirement of tablet - based AAC application, Were assessed using the Korea Assistive Technology Assessment Tool (KAAT). As a result of satisfaction evaluation of tablet-based smart AAC device, all the items including device, service, and everyday life showed positive response satisfying from 5 point scale to more than 4 point scale. However, it was relatively low in the items of effectiveness, manipulation and convenience. Some of the improvements in the application include the enlargement of the symbol sound and the simplicity of symbol editing. The results of the study suggest that continual updates of m Smart AAC applications, the simplicity of symbolic editing, application usage and training should be improved. The satisfaction evaluation results of this study and the feedback of potential users will be the guidelines for improving and complementing the functions of existing smart AAC devices.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 2016

Subway station scales are determined by peak predictions. In this study, the purpose behind the installation of a subway is public transportation convenience and public interest, but economic validity is also important. By proving that the scale of the station is excessive with regard to the target station size for Seoul subway Line 5-8, a reasonable plan. can be sought. According to station installation standards, the area of the station under investigation here is out of the service levels by six stages (A~F), and it must be four or more levels (D). The Actual level for the B level is a two-step design. The Actual ratio for over- Peak predictions is only 17.8% on average. The results of measurements of the excess area and determination of the excessive costs were analyzed by subdividing the area and by calculating it based on the B level, finding that it is possible to provide benefits for customers only in the current design, with an area ratio of 16.3%. Given the weight, it was estimated that current conditions can meet the needs of only 18.6% of the current area. Simplifying the scale calculation method of the station, it is convenient, safe, and advantageous to move citizens only if the scale can be streamlined. Then, with a reduced initial investment, maintenance costs during the operation can be reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2016

This study examined the factors affecting the team identification of professional baseball fans. The factors were divided into the fan factor, game factors, and other factors. For the analysis, two investigators visited stadium three times in total and a total number of 297 spectators were sampled using a convenience sampling method from three baseball teams. For the fan factor, a fan who began supporting his/her team from childhood or after childhood was used as a dummy variable. The interaction effects between the fan factor and other variables were investigated to offer a stereoscopic understanding about the role of kids marketing. In addition, three game factors and four non-game factors were analyzed. The results regarding fan variable and interaction effects were obtained. Fans from their childhood have much stronger team identification, and show interaction effects with the players. Regression analysis revealed player, promotion and fan service, price, and regional connection to have positive relations with team identification. This study is especially meaningful in a sense that it has proposed positive results regarding marketing to children, and the results will contribute to both the academic field and the industry.