• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 1984

A study was carried out to determine the nutritive effect of earthworm on rats. Male albino rats weighing 72.3${\pm}$1.7 g and the female rats weighing 71.4${\pm}$1.4 g were divided into 3 groups for each sez, respectively. The diet groups were control diet(group I), a diet of 2% earthworm flour supplemented to the control diet at every 3 days interval(group II) and a chief of 2% earth-worm flour added to the control diet everyday(group III). Comparing with control group, female rats in group III showed higher tendency of food consumption. Body weight gain of male rats in group III was more than that of control group. Food and protein effeciency ratios were not influenced by 2% earthworm flour added diet in both male and female rats. While the weights of heart and lung of male rats in group H were higher than those of control group, there was little difference in the weights of liver, kidney and spleen between control group and experimental groups. Hematocrit values of female rats in experimental groups were higher than those of control group, however there was little difference in male rats between control group and experimental groups. There was little : difference in the content of hemoglobin in blood, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, total cholesterol and glucose in serum between control group and experimental groups.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.578-588
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• 2017

Background: Elevated testicular temperature disrupts spermatogenesis and causes infertility. In the present study, the protective effect of enzymatically biotransformed Panax ginseng Meyer by pectinase (GINST) against chronic intermittent heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 wk old, 60-70 g) were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), heat-stress control (HC), heat-stress plus GINST-100 mg/kg (HG100), and heat-stress plus GINST-200 mg/kg (HG200) treatment groups. Each dose of GINST (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was mixed separately with a regular pellet diet and was administered orally for 24 wk. For inducing heat stress, rats in the NC group were maintained at $25^{\circ}C$, whereas rats in the HC, HG100, and HG200 groups were exposed to $32{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 2 h daily for 6 mo. At week 25, the testes and serum from each animal were analyzed for various parameters. Results: Significant (p < 0.01) changes in the sperm kinematic values and blood chemistry panels were observed in the HC group. Furthermore, spermatogenesis-related molecules, sex hormone receptors, and selected antioxidant enzyme expression levels were also altered in the HC group compared to those in the NC group. GINST (HS100 and HS200) administration significantly (p < 0.05) restored these changes when compared with the HC group. For most of the parameters tested, the HG200 group exhibited potent effects compared with those exhibited by the HG100 group. Conclusion: GINST may be categorized as an important medicinal herb and a potential therapeutic for the treatment of male subfertility or infertility caused by hyperthermia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1148-1157
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• 2014

Rice bran (RB), a by-product obtained during polishing of un-milled rice, contains a large quantity of essential nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, fiber, amino acids, and antioxidants. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of stabilized RB addition as a food material in a diet-induced obese animal model were investigated. For the analysis, a total of 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet group (ND, n=8), high-fat diet group (HFD, n=8), 20% RB added high fat diet group (HFRB20, n=8), and 40% RB added high fat diet group (HFRB40, n=8). The animals were sacrificed after 7 weeks. Body weight gain, various adipose tissue weights, blood glucose concentration, and serum leptin level of the HFRB40 group were found to be significantly lower than those of the HFD group. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activity of the HFRB40 group was significantly higher than that of the HFD group. However, the HFRB20 group did not show significantly different values. The results of this study show that RB (40%) addition reduces body weight gain and improves obesity-related parameters. These results suggest RB could be considered as a functional additive material for the manufacture of anti-obesity products, and 40% RB addition would be the physiologically effective level.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2004

Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1) tumor markers as complementary tools for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions. Patients and Methods : The levels of pleural and serum CEA and CYFRA 21-1 were prospectively assayed in 222 patients with pleural effusions (150 benign effusions, 57 bronchogenic carcinomas and 15 metastatic carcinomas). Results : The levels of pleural fluid CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in the malignant effusions were significantly higher than those in the benign effusions. With a specificity of 95%, the cut off values for the CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in pleural effusions were 5 and 89 ng/ml, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivities of the pleural fluid CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in malignant effusions were 72 and 54%, respectively, whereas using a combination of the two, the sensitivity increased to 87% (p<0.05). Conclusions : These findings suggest that a combination of the pleural fluid CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in pleural effusions can be useful in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 2009

In this study, cathepsin S (CTSS) inhibitory fraction was isolated from Paecilomyces tenuipes and anti-obesitic effects of the fraction were evaluated in mice, fed a high-fat diet. Hot water extract of P. tenuipes (DHW) was divided into 2 fractions, water eluate fraction (DHP1) and methanol eluate fraction (DHP2) using Diaion HP-20. $IC_{50}$ values for DHW, DHP1 and DHP2 against CTSS were 108.7, 890.3 and 2.3 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. To evaluate anti-obesitic effects of the fractions, each fraction was administrated orally to C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks with a high-fat diet. DHP2 had the highest inhibitory effect on CTSS activity, causing serious reduction in weight gain, a reduction in the amount of adipose tissue and in serum lipids levels. These results suggest that the inhibition of CTSS by compounds derived from P. tenuipes may be effective in preventing and in ameliorating obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.814-820
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• 2005

This study was designed to determine the effect of chitosan on in vivo lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with ethanol. Rats were divided into four groups and reared for 6 weeks: E group ($35\%$ of total calories from ethanol), EC I group ($ethanol+0.5\%$ of chitosan), EC II group ($ethanol +1\%$ of chitosan) and control group (dextrin as much as ethanol treated). The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), GOT and GPT in plasma, and triglyceride (TG) in liver were remarkably increased in the rats treated with ethanol. However, the treatment of $1\%$ chitosan significantly lowered those parameter levels. In particular the values of r-HDL (the ratio of HDL-C to TC) in the rats fed in combination with ethanol and chitosan were relatively higher than that of the E group. The increased lipid droplets were observed in the hepatocytes of the rats treated with ethanol, but chitosan treatment reduced in the number and the size of the lipid droplets. These results suggest that chitosan improve in vivo lipid metabolism and Potentially protect hepatotoxicity of the rat liver treated with ethanol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1475-1481
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the potential toxicity of gamma-irradiated Dakgalbi keeping in mind its future use as a space food. Dakgalbi was irradiated at a dose of 30 kGy at $-20^{\circ}C$. AIN-93G was used as a control diet in the animal study. Both irradiated and non-irradiated Dakgalbi diets were administered to two groups of ICR mice (ten male and ten female mice per group) for 3 months. During the experimental period, we observed that the mice fed the 30 kGy-irradiated Dakgalbi did not show any changes in appearance, behavior, mortality, body weight, organ weight, or food consumption compared to the control mice group. In addition, all biochemical parameters of these mice, including hematology profiles, erythrocyte counts, and serum biochemical values, remained in the normal range. The histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues showed no significant differences between the control group and the group fed the 30 kGy-irradiated Dakgalbi. These results indicate that Dakgalbi irradiated at 30 kGy did not cause any toxic effects in mice and therefore it can be considered as safe and hygienic space food.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 1970

Clinical perfusion data on 16 cases of cardiopulmonary bypass using Sigmamotor pump and RyggKyvsgaard Oxygenator which performed at Seoul National University Hospital during the period of Aug. 1968 to Aug. 1970 was analized. AIl cases were hemodiluted and the perfusion was carried out under the normothermic condition. The age of the patients ranged between 6 and 43 years. The b:dy weight varied between 18.3 and 54.0 kg and the body surface area between 0.78 and 1. 59$M^2$. The priming solution was consiste:I with fresh ACD blood. Hartmann solution and Mannitol. The average amount of priming was approximately 2242 ml. The average hemodilution rate was 17%. The flow rate ranged from 1.7L to 3.5L/Min/$M^2$ and averaged 2.4L/Min/$M^2$ or 78mI/Min/kg. The duration of perfusion varied from 22 to 110 min with average of 56.9 minutes. Some hemodynamic responses were observed. The arterial pressure dropped immediately after the initiation of partial perfusion and was more marked after the total perfusion foIlowed by gradual increase to the safety level. The central venous pressure reflected the reduced blood volume especially in the cases of prolonged perfusion which lasted over 60 min. In most of the cases, red blood cell count decreased and white blood ceIl count increased after the perfusion. Hemoglobin level was decreased, averaging of 12.5mg%, Hct 3.3% and platelets count of 18% postoperatively. Plasma hemoglobin increased mildly, from pre-perfusion average value of 4. 06mg% to postperfusion value of 22.5mg%. Serum potassium was 4.4mEq/L pre-operatively and was decreased to 3.7mEq/L postoperatively. Five cases showed definite hypopotassemia immediately after the operation. Sodium and chloride decreased mildly. These electrolyte changes are thought to be related with hemodilution. diuretics and reduced blood volume during and after the perfusion. Arterial blood pH value revealed minimal to moderate elevation from preperfusion average value of 7.376 to 7.461 during perfusion and then 7.365 after perfusion. The pC02 and hicarbonate showed minimal to moderately lowered values. The total CO2 was decreased. Buffer base decreased during perfusion (Av. 42.6mEq/L) and further decreased after the perfusion (Av. 40.8mEq/L). These arterial blood acid base changes suggested that the metabolic acidosis was accompanied by respiratory alkalosis during and immediately after the perfusion. Authors belived that the acidosis could more effectively be corrected with the more additional dose of bicarbonate than we used by this study. The chest tune drainage during the first 24 hours following operation was 1158 ml in average. One case (Case No. 15) showd definite bleeding tendency and it was believed that the cause might be due to the defect of heparin and protamine titration. The average urinary out put during 24 hours post-perfusion was 1291ml. One case (Case No. ]) showed definite post perfusion oliguria. As conclusion hemodilution using fresh ACD blood. Hartmann and Mannitol solution added with Bivon and high flow rate unler normothermia. was thought to amelioratc the severity of mctabolic acidosis during and after perfusion with relatively satisfactory effect on the diuresis and bleeding tendency.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1354-1359
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• 1996

Few observation have been made on the pericardial pressure and little is known about the composition of he pericardial fluid. So we studied the basic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pericardial fluid in the patients with cardiac disease either congenital heart diasese(group A) or acquired heart disease(group B). The pressure of the pericardial cavity was measured by the method of open tipped water filled small polyethylene catheter connecting to the standardized monitor, which was introduced into pericardium of the patients who were performed pericardial incision for the heart or pericardial surgery. All of the data was compared to the simultaneously checked hematologic value of the same patient. The mean pressure of the pericardial cavity was 2.4mmHg and the amount of the pericardial fluid was 13cc/m2 of body surface for the group A and 17.7cc for the group B. And the cell count was 138$\pm$l16/1 in group A and 230$\pm$135/1 in group B and the pH was 7.83$\pm$0.40 in group A. 7.80$\pm$0.52 in group B. Pericardial fluid revealed satisfactically significant alkaline pH than plasma. The fundamental electrolyte, Wa+, K+, Cl and glucose were identical to the hematologic values of the same patient, but the protein concentration was 2.Bg/dL for group A and 3.Ig/dL for group B heart disease and those were remarkable low concentration compared to the hematologic value of the same patient. LDH and amylase were identical to the value of the serum of the same patient, but the concentration of LDH of group B was slightly higher than that of the group A.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol on the attenuation of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in pigs. Ten pigs were subjected to 60 minutes of warm unilateral renal ischemia followed by removal of contralateral kidney and then divided into two groups. Treatment group was performed ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol pretreatment 2 days before operation and ascorbic acid with heparin-saline solution irrigation-aspiration. Otherwise, control group used only irrigation-aspiration of heparin-saline solution. Blood samples were collected from these pigs for measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine values, antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) at pre, day 1, day 3, day 7 and day 14. The kidneys were taken for histopathologic evaluation after euthanasia on postoperative day 14. The levels of BUN were significantly increased in the control group on day 1, day 3 and day 7 (P<0.05). And the level of creatinine was significantly increased in the control group on day 3 (p<0.05). Activity of antioxidant enzymes in plasma revealed significant difference (p<0.05) between control and treatment group at day 14. In histopathologic findings, treatment group was showed less damage than that of control group on the basis of renal tubular damage. It was concluded that ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol attenuated renal I/R injury in the pigs.