• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2005

In order to investigate the effect of dietary zinc and phytic acid levels on enzyme activity and lipid metabolism in rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing approximately 60-74g, were fed different diets which contained 0, 0.35 or $1.05\%$ phytic acid each at 3 levels of zinc (0, 30 and 1500ppm zinc) for 28 days. Body weight gain, food consumption, and food efficiency ratio were lower in the rats fed a zinc deficient diet (0ppm zinc) than those consuming 30 or 1500ppm dietary zinc. The activities of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase were lower in the rats consuming 30ppm zinc than those fed 0 or 1500ppm zinc diet. The activity of GOT was increased in rats consuming $0.35\%$ phytic acid, whereas that of alkaline phosphatase was decreased in the rats fed phytic acid-containing diet. The concentration of phospholipid in serum was higher in rats fed $0.35\%$ dietary phytic acid, whereas that of liver phospholipid was higher in zinc deficient groups, and increased by addition of dietary phytic acid. The concentration of triglyceride in serum from rats fed 30ppm zinc was lower than those fed 0 or 1500ppm zinc On the other hand, liver triglyceride was higher in both the rats fed 30ppm zinc and $0.35\%$ phytic acid. The concentration of serum total cholesterol was lower in the rats fed 30ppm zinc diet, and it was increased by addition of dietary phytic acid. But liver total cholesterol was higher in 30ppm zinc group. HDL-cholesterol in serum was the highest in both rats consuming 30ppm zinc and $0.35\%$ dietary phytic acid, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was higher in rats consuming 30ppm zinc diet. In conclusion, we suggest that coronary heart disease or liver disease can be prevented with phytic acid in rats which are fed the high zinc diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.492-496
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• 2001

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTP) activity and mRNA level were investigated in the liver and small intestine of rats fed on di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) and orotic acid(OA) as serum triglyceride-reducing agents. The concentration of liver triglyceride was significantly increased in the OA group, but that was not increased in the DEHP group compared with the control group. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the OA and DEHP groups compared with the control group, but this reduction was more pronounced in the OA group. MTP activity and mRNA level in liver were decreased in the OA group compared with the control group, while MTP activity in the small intestine was increased in the OA group compared with the control group. MTP activities and MTP mRNA levels in both liver and small intestine had no influence by the DEHP dietary feeding, despite the triglyceride-lowering action, compared with the control dietary feeding. The activity of liver microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase(PAP), the rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride synthesis, was increased in the OA group compared with the control group, but that of cytosolic PAP was decreased in the DEHP group compared with the control group. The result suggest that MTP activity and MTP mRNA level are involved in the triglyceride-lowering action of OA, but those are not involved in that of DEHP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.405-416
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to investigate changes in serum lipid levels with age and gender, and to determine which factors affect the serum lipid profiles. The anthropometric parameters(height, weight, waist girth, hip girth) and biochemical status(cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-chol.) were measured for clinically normal adults(male 89, female 91) in Yeongdong area. The results are as follows: 1. The obesity index was significantly higher in female($115.2{\pm}15.2%$) than in male($109.9{\pm}13.4%$), but waist/hip girth ratio(WHR) was significantly higher in male ($0.89{\pm}0.05$) than in female($0.81{\pm}0.06$). 2. Male subjects had higher triglyceride and atherogenic index and lower HDL-cholesterol and relative cholesterol than those of female subjects. 3. Prevalences of hypercholesteolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoHDL-cholesterolemia were 9.0%, 9.0%, 14.6% respectively in male and 9.9%, 2.2%, 4.4% in female. 4. WHR positively correlated with serum cholesterol, TG, LDL/HDL and A.I., and negatively correlated with HDL-chol. and relative chol. Correlation analyses indicated that WHR seemed to be more closely associated with serum lipid levels(rather than obesity index). 5. Age showed positive correlations with waist girth, WHR, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL and A.I., but negative correlations with height, body weight and relative cholesterol. 6. There was significant differences in TG concentration between drinker($169.3{\pm}130.0mg/dl$) and non-drinker($111.4{\pm}64.5mg/dl$), and smoker($165{\pm}103.6mg/dl$) and non-smoker ($110.8{\pm}39.0mg/dl$). That is to say that as risk factors for hyperlipidemia are obesity index, serum lipid concentration, life style(such as alcohol drinking and smoking) and age. Specially major risk factors are drinking, smoking and regulated exercise in male and age is an important risk factor in female.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the effect of white and red Panak ginseng on body weight gain, feed efficiency, epididymal fat weight, and total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in male rats (Wister/ST, 8-week-old, 320 g) fed high fat diet. Rats were divided largely into two groups; normal control (NC) and high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed groups. HFD-fed animals were subdivided into 2 groups; HFD-fed control (FC), and HFD- and ginseng-fed groups. HFD and ginseng fed animals were furthor subdivided into white (WG)- and red ginseng (RG)-treated groups. Ginseng-treated groups received ethanol extract at daily doses of 250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg b.w. for 4 weeks. Consequently, a total of 40 rats were divided into 8 groups. Body weight gain of WG-500 (P<0.05), WG1000 (P<0.01) and RG500 (P<0.05) was significantly lower than that of the NC. Feed efficiency showed same result. The epididymal fat weight of WG500, WG1000 and RG250 was markedly lower (P<0.05) than that in FC. Total serum cholesterol level of WG250, WG500, WG1000 and RG1000 groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of FC. Decrease in the total cholesterol level was most significant in WG100 group. Treatment of ginseng significantly reduced serum free cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the HFD-fed rats irrespective of white or red ginseng. Among the test groups, administration of ginseng at daily dose of 1,000 mg/kg b.w. showed the most potent free cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity. These results led us to the conclusion that administration of ginseng lowers serum total or free cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HFD-fed animals. Moreover the beneficial effect of white ginseng was slightly more potent than that of the red ginseng.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

To determine the deleterious effects of chronic alcohol consumption on bone especially in adolescents or young adults, 8 week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with Lieber-Decarli ethanol liquid diet, containing $36\%$ of energy as ethanol, ad libitum (ethanol group) or isocaloric normal liquid diet (control group) for 7 weeks. Body weight was significantly lower in ethanol group than that in control group after 1 week of feeding to the end. liver weight and the ratio of liver or kidney weight to body weight in ethanol group were significantly increased when compared to those in control group. Ethanol group showed significantly lower serum protein and albumin levels (p<0.05), higher total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels (p<0.05), and AST, ALT and BUN activities than control group, but serum triglyceride, Ca and phosphate levels were not different. Ethanol group had significantly lower tibial trabecular bone area and serum osteocalcin level than control group (p<0.05), but urinary Ca and NTx (cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen) concentrations and serum testosterone and parathyroid hormone levels were not different. In conclusion, chronic alcohol consumption in growing young male rats may result in osteopenia through the reduction of bone formation as well as liver malfunction.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mitigating insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is associated with a decreased risk of diabetic complications. The effect of Daraesoon (shoot of hardy kiwi, Actinidia arguta) on hyperglycemia was investigated using a type 2 diabetes animal model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Seven-week-old db/db mice were fed either an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.4% of a 70% ethanol extract of Daraesoon, whereas db/+ mice were fed the AIN-93G diet for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Consumption of Daraesoon significantly reduced serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels, along with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance in db/db mice. Conversely, Daraesoon elevated the serum adiponectin levels compared to the db/db control group. Furthermore, Daraesoon significantly decreased both serum and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as serum total cholesterol levels. Additionally, consumption of Daraesoon resulted in decreased hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hypoglycemic effect of Daraesoon is mediated through the improvement of insulin resistance and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in db/db mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154-166
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of isoflavone supplementation on both bone mineral density and hormone variation in premenopausal women who had decreased bone mass, the 24 subjects were divided into two groups: one was the underweight group, consisting of 13 subjects, and the other was the normal weight group consisting of 11 subjects. For each group, we investigated the effects of isoflavone supplementation of 90 mg/day on both bone mineral density and hormone variation during 3 menstrual cycles. Anthropometric measurements, dietary recall, and analyses of blood and urine were assessed from baseline to post-treatment. The results were as follows: The average age of the underweight group was 21.8 years old and that of the normal weight group was 23.2 years old. The comparative results for the two groups at baseline were as follows: Onset of menarche, menstrual cycle, and menstrual length were not significantly different between the groups. Serum protein, total, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn level were not significantly different between the groups. Serum estradiol, SHBG, LH, and FSH level were also not significantly different between the groups. Lumbar spine BMD by T scores of the underweight group was significantly lower than that of the normal weight group. Serum osteocalcin, urinary DPD, and urinary pH were not significantly different between the groups. The comparative results for the two groups at post-treatment were as follows: From baseline to post-treatment, the intake of energy, nutrients and isoflavone in food did not significantly change in either group. Serum protein, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels did not significantly change in either group. Serum Ca, Cu, and Zn levels were significantly lower in both groups and serum Mg level significantly decreased only in the underweight group. Serum estradiol levels were significantly lower in both groups, but serum SHBG, LH, and FSH levels did not significantly change in either group. Lumbar spine BMD by T score of the underweight group significantly increased to 15%, but that of the normal weight group did not significantly change. Serum osteocalcin of the underweight group significantly increased to 28%, while that of the normal weight group significantly increased to 40%. Urinary DPD of the normal weight group significantly increased to 12%. The results show that the BMD of the underweight group was lower than that of the normal weight group. Therefore, the underweight group had a disadvantage in obtaining maximum bone mineral density. The results also show that isoflavone supplementation during 3 menstrual cycles was effective in increasing the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and affected bone metabolism markers in premenopausal underweight women. Therefore, it can be concluded that sufficient intake of isoflavone could be helpful in preventing decreases in bone mass among premenopausal women, especially underweight women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the 12 college volleyball player's food behavior, nutrient intakes, and their serum lipid levels during the periods of training and detraining and to provide basic data for an effective program for the volleyball players during the period of detraining after the game season. The results were summarized as follows : The total daily energy intake of the players was $3,363{\pm}339kcal and 3,692{\pm}499kcal$ during the periods of the training and detraining, respectively. During the training period, daily intakes of protein, calcium and vitamin A, and $B_2$ were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for the players. During the detraining period, the players' daily intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A were even lower. However, the consumption of alcohol was dramatically increased during the period of detraining. The levels of serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein were significantly increased during the detraining period. Basal metabolic rates were significantly increased after the training period and diastolic pressure was decreased during the detraining period. In conclusion, out results suggest that the detraining of volleyball players for 10 days after intensive training, negatively affects their food behavior and serum lipid concentrations. Therefore, for the improvement of performance for the next game season, a planned program for the players' detraining period should be developed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 2015

This study was conducted to verify the effects of Erigeron annuus powder on serum lipid levels of high-fat diet-induced mice from a nutritional viewpoint. Erigeron annuus powder has been used as a folk remedy since ancient times in Korea. There was no significant difference in the weight of the kidneys and spleens of the mice. The high-fat diet group had a significantly higher kidney weight compared to other groups (p<0.05). In the group of mice fed 20% Erigeron annuus powder with a high-fat diet, the concentration of serum LDL-cholesterol was high (p<0.05), whereas the concentration of triglyceride was remarkably lower compared to other groups (p<0.05). The group fed 10% Erigeron annuus with a high-fat diet had the lowest concentration of blood phospholipids (p<0.05) as well as the highest alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels in blood (p<0.05). There was no difference in blood insulin concentration. However, blood leptin concentration was significantly higher ($5.88{\pm}3.53ng/dL$) in mice fed a high-fat diet compared to other groups (p<0.05). Measurements of Erigeron annuus revealed that TPC, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of trolox, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the measured value of FRAP were higher in the ethanol extract than in the water extract. Especially, the antioxidant activity effects were excellent for the $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activities of trolox and FRAP values of Erigeron annuus. Therefore, Erigeron annuus powder showed antioxidant activity. Hence, Erigeron annuus powder drastically lessened triglyceride concentration in blood in high-fat diet-induced mice. Thus, the powder is considered to have utility in the food processing industry. Additional related experiments are ongoing.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.2 s.125
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• pp.145-152
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• 2001

Whangryunhaedok-Tang (WT) is formulated with Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus, and Daewhang-whangryunhaedok-Tang (DWT) is made by the combination of Rhei Rhizoma, a wellknown anticostipation drug in WT. Therefore, DWT has been evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects on experimental hyperlipidemic rats and mice induced by corn oil and high cholesterol-diet. Oral administration of DWT significantly inhibited the increase of serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels, and the decrease of serum HDL-cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic rats induced by corn oil. Also, oral administration of DWT significantly prevented the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, and liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in 1% cholesterol-diet fed mice. These results suggest that DWT is effective for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.