• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.69-73
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• 1996

Brazilin was tested for its ability to inhibit alloxan induced lipidperoxidation. Lipid peroxide contents in liver, kidney and serum were measured by the TBA method. ICR mice receiving alloxan at a dose of 43mg/kg via the tail vein after a 24 hrs starvation showed significantly increased lipid peroxide contents as compared to untreated control. Lipid peroxide contents in liver, kidney and serum of alloxan-induced diabetic mice were dosedependently decreased by the treatment of brazilin at a dose of 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100 mg/kg for 5 days.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To investigate whether swim training improves obesity and lipid metabolism through $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we measured body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, serum free fatty acid at 6 weeks as well as the expression of hepatic $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Swim-trained mice had decreased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass and serum free fatty acid levels compared to high fat diet fed control mice in both female Sham and OVX mice. These reductions were more prominent in OVX than in Sham mice. Swim training significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 (CPT-1), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in OVX mice. However, swim trained female Sham mice did not increase hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation compared to Sham control mice. These results indicate that swim training differentially regulates body weight and adipose tissue mass between OVX and Sham mice, at least in part due to differences in liver $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2002

Effects of ($\pm$)-camphor on liver cytochrome P450 enzymes were investigated in male ICR mice. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of ($\pm$)-camphor in corn oil for 3 consecutive days. Twenty four hr after the final treatment, the animals were subjected to necropsy. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase were slightly changed by the treatment with ($\pm$)-camphor at the doses used. Administration of ($\pm$)-camphor to mice significantly induced the hepatic activities of pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase and benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase and weakly induced ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in dose-dependent manners. The present results suggested that ($\pm$)-camphor might act as a relatively specific inducer of hepatic cytochrome P450 2B in male ICR mice.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.935-944
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• 2021

It has been suggested that bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor, interferes with the endocrine system, causing reproductive dysfunction. Recently, BPA has been found in waste water due to incomplete sewage purification, possibly threatening health through its ingestion via tap water. In this study, young male mice (6 - 7 weeks old) were administered water containing BPA (50 mg·kg^-1) for four weeks, while control mice consumed water without BPA. Serum, epididymal spermatozoa and testicular sections were assessed after sacrificing the mice on day 28. No significant differences were obtained between the groups in the body, testis and seminal vesicle weights. However, the epididymal sperm motility and count levels were significantly reduced in BPA-fed mice. Significantly higher hepatotoxicity levels were also observed in mice ingesting BPA as compared to the control mice. The level of serum testosterone was reduced, and testicular sections revealed incomplete and irregular spermatogenesis in BPA-ingested mice. The sperm proteasomal-proteolytic activity level has been implicated in sperm function and is measured in motile spermatozoa using fluorometric substrates. High ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase activity levels were observed in the control mice without BPA. During a mating trial, a low pregnancy rate (71.4%) was observed in females mated with males who had consumed BPA (100% in the control mice). Overall, BPA adversely affected spermatogenesis and quality, as indicated by decreased sperm motility, concentration and serum testosterone levels, resulting in reduced fertility competence.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2010

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic recurrent skin disease which usually developed in infancy or childhood. AD often repeat improvement and relapse. The cause of AD is so indefinite that many methods of therapies(moisturizer, steroid ointment, antihistamine, immunomodulator, immunosuppressant, herbal medicine, alternative medicine, etc.) are tried. Recently, a lot of studies were made. But there is no report about the effect of Samulsopungeum(SM) and Prednisolone(PN) on AD. So, author aimed to investigate the effects of SM and PN on AD of NC/Nga mice. Methods : Thirty two mice(8 Balb/c mice and 24 NC.Nga mice) were divided into four groups; Balb/c mice was normal group. NC/Nga mice were divide into three group : control, PN, SM group. AD was induced in the control, PN, SM group by spreading DNCB. Then normal saline, PN and SM were orally administered three times in a week for 8 weeks to the control, PN, SM group, respectively. We observed changes of clinical skin severity score, serum IgE, IgG1, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and so on. We used one-way ANOVA test statistically(p<0.01). Results : The clinical skin severity scores of PN group and SM group in 8th week were decreased compared to the control group. Serum IgE, IgGl levels of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum IFN-$\gamma$ in SM group was significantly increased compared to the control group. But, Serum IFN-$\gamma$ in PN group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum IL-10 levels of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the dorsal skin tissues of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. According to biopsy reports of the ear and skin tissues showed that the tissue damage of PN group and SM group were highly reduced compared to the control group. Creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST levels of PN group and SM group were normal. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that SM is effective treatment for the AD.

• CELLMED
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2019

Decoction of Cocos nucifera husk fibre is used indigenously in Nigeria for malaria treatment. Polyphenols have been identified as the phytochemicals responsible for the antimalarial activity of Cocos nucifera husk fibre, though their toxicity has not been evaluated. The polyphenols of Cocos nucifera husk fibre were therefore evaluated for their effects on selected kidney function indices in mice. Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups (A-E) of ten mice each. Mice in group A were orally administered 5% DMSO solution while those in groups B, C, D and E were orally administered 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/Kg body weight of the polyphenols respectively for seven days. Serum urea, creatinine and uric acid concentrations were determined. Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium ions and kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities were also determined. The results showed that the polyphenols significantly reduced (p<0.05) urea concentration at 250 mg/Kg body weight and creatinine concentration at all doses compared to controls. The polyphenols caused no significant alteration (p>0.05) in serum uric acid concentration and kidney ALP, GGT and GDH activities compared to controls. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in serum sodium ion concentration at 31.25, 125 and 250 mg/Kg body weight of polyphenols whereas significant increase (p<0.05) in serum potassium and chloride ions was observed at 62.5 and 250 mg/Kg body weight compared to controls. Thus, polyphenols of Cocos nucifera husk fibre may adversely affect some osmoregulatory functions of the kidney, especially at higher concentrations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Choweseuncheung-tang (CWSCT, Tiaoweishengqing-tang) on body weight, serum lipid level, serum insulin level and serum leptin level in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Methods: Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (7 mice in each group), including a normal group, control group, and CWSCT group. The normal group was fed a general diet, but the other groups were fed a high fat diet. The CWSCT group was administered CWSCT for 4 weeks. Animals were weighted weekly and blood lipids, insulin and leptin levels were measured after 4 weeks. Results: The results were as follows. 1. In the CWSCT group, compared with the control, body weight gain was significantly inhibited. 2. In the CWSCT group, compared with the control, the level of HDL cholesterol in serum increased significantly. 3. In the CWSCT group, compared with the control, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol decreased significantly. 4. In the CWSCT group, compared with the control, the elevation of serum leptin level was significantly inhibited. Conclusions: Choweseuncheung-tang treatment has inhibitory effects on obesity and hyperlipidemia in high-fat-dietinduced obese mice.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of soybean oil and rice gem oil compared with lard on lipid metabolism of insulin dependent diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were fed three kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from lard(L), soy bean oil(SBO) and rice gem oil(RGO) for 7 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake, body and organs weights among experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum triglyceride of SBO and RGO groups, and of serum total cholesterol were lower in RGO group than in the other groups. The hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol levels of RGO group were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in feces of SBO and RGO groups were higher than those of L group, and the significance was shown only in RGO group. These results suggested that soy bean oil and rice germ oil can reduce serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and hepatic total lipid concentration of insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with lard as a animal fat source by increasing fecal lipid excretion of these groups. But the significant reducing effects on serum and liver lipid levels were shown only in RGO group, and we need to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of this oil by supplementary level and period.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-169
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• 2002

This study was designed to observe the efficacy of Boyangsengjang-Tang(BST) on the growth of rats. The effects on growth, and the secretion of hormones in the serum was measure. Male BALA/C mice(weight 20-25g), and male ICR rats(weigh 120-150g), were each divided into 3 groups : Sample A, Sample B and a Control group. Each group consisted of 4 mice and 5 rats. Mice received $5{\mu}{\ell}$ BST, and rats received $50{\mu}{\ell}$ BST, daily. Sample A was administered with normal BST for 3 weeks. Sample B was was administered with 10 times the normal amount of BST for 3 weeks. Control group was administered with normal saline for 3 weeks. The body weight, body length, subcutaneous fat, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGFBP-3 and serum in TSH were measured at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. The body weigh of the rats increased significantly in Sample A after 3 weeks when compared with control group. 2. The body length in rats increased significantly in Sample A when compared with control group. 3. The amount of subcutaneous fat in the mice increased significantly in Sample B after 1 week when compared with control group. The amount of subcutaneous fat in rats increased significantly in Sample A and Sample B after 3 weeks when compared with the control group. 4. The length of the femur in rats increased significantly in Sample in A and Sample B in 1, 2, and 3 weeks when compared with the control group. 5. The level of GH, IGFBP-3 and TSH in the serum was not statically different when compared with the control group. According to the above results, BST (which reinforces the Kidney's Yang and strengthens muscle and bone) increases body weight, body length, subcutaneous fat and the length of the femur when compaired with the control group. BST therefore seems to improve growth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

In the present study, the effects of different photoperiods on stress, immunity, and hematological parameters in ICR mice were evaluated. Fifty male ICR mice 7 weeks old (body weight, $27.3{\pm}2.5g$) were divided into five groups: DP-0 (0/24-h light/dark cycle), DP-6 (6/18-h light/dark cycle), DP-12 (12/12-h light/dark cycle), DP-18 (18/6-h light/dark cycle), and DP-24 (24/0-h light/dark cycle). During the experimental period, no significant differences in body weight or feed intake were observed between the groups. Hematological analysis revealed that white blood cell, red blood cell, and hemoglobin values for the DP-0 group were significantly different compared to those of the other groups. After 28 days, no significant difference in serum cortisol concentration was observed among the groups, but serum cortisol levels increased in a light exposure-dependent manner. Total serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of the DP-0 and PD-6 groups were significantly increased compared to those of the other groups (p < 0.05), and serum total IgG levels decreased in a light exposure-dependent manner. Results of the present study indicated that various photoperiods affect hematological parameters and total serum IgG levels in ICR mice while having no significant effects on body weight, feed intake, or cortisol levels.