• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of human milk fortifier (HMF) on growth and nutritional status in growing rats fed infant formula supplemented with HMF. Three week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed regular formula (RF), premature formula (PF) and regular formula fortified with HMF (RF+HMF) diets for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in weight gain among groups. However, a significant increase of food intake was observed in PF and RF+HMF groups compared with RF group. With increasing food intake, the intakes of carbohydrate and protein were significantly increased in PF and RF+HMF groups. The weight of perirenal fat was significantly increased in rats fed RF+HMF; however, the weights of liver, kidney and spleen were not significantly different among groups. Although total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations of serum were not significantly different among groups, triglyceride was significantly increased in PF group. The triglyceride and total-cholesterol of liver were significantly increased in rats fed regular formula fortified with HMF and PF compared with RF group. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum showed no significant difference among groups. The concentration of growth hormone was significantly increased in PF group compared with other groups. The concentration of hemoglobin was significantly increased in rats fed PF and RF+HMF. These results suggest that the supplementation of human milk fortifier in growing rats may promote growth as increasing food intake and lipid contents in tissues and prevent the anemia of infants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.788-801
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2019

Helianthus tuberosus is a perennial plant in the genus, Asteraceae. Pork potato has various pharmacological functions such as improving constipation, preventing bowel disease, inhibiting colon cancer, reducing serum cholesterol, lowering blood lipids, and enhancing blood sugar. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of fermented milk by adding Helianthus tuberosus powder. During the fermentation process, the pH of the fermented milk with added Helianthus tuberosus was higher after 16 hours of fermentation. At 48 hours of fermentation, the pH decreased to 3.70, 3.65, 3.63, and 3.59 with 0% (the control group), 1%, 3%, and 5% Helianthus tuberosus added, respectively. In the last 48 hours of fermentation, the acidity increased to 2.35%, 2.57%, and 3.17% with 0% (the control group), 1%, 3%, and 5% Helianthus tuberosus added, respectively. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased as the quantity of Helianthus tuberosus added increased. The highest number of lactic acid bacteria was 9.96 log CFU/g after 16 hours of fermentation with a 5% addition of Helianthus tuberosus . After 48 hours of fermentation, the amount of lactic acid bacteria decreased to 7.84 log CFU/g and 7.88 log CFU/g in the control group and the 1% added Helianthus tuberosus group, respectively. The addition of 3% and 5% Helianthus tuberosus increased the lactic acid bacteria count to 9.48 log CFU/ g and 9.81 log CFU/g, respectively. As the fermentation time increased, oxalic acid and tartaric acid decreased but lactic acid increased. Lactose degraded galactose and glucose over time. After 48 hours of fermentation, the viscosity in the control, 1%, 3%, 5% added Helianthus tuberosus groups increased to 1,006 cP, 1,026 cP, 1,040 cP, and 1,106 cP, respectively. The antioxidant effect was higher in the 5% added Helianthus tuberosus group (84.14%) than in the control group (80.39%) at 48 hours of fermentation. The concentration of polyphenol was 1.6 mg/g and antimicrobial activity was strong against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.200-208
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise based MNIT treatment on body composition, blood lipids, leptin and CRP in middle-aged obese women. For this purpose, middle-aged obese women (age: 40-50) with more 30% of body fat percentage in U city were recruited. They were divided into MNIT group(MG, n=9) and control group(CG, n=9). MNIT group was performed hand therapy program with abdomen exercise equivalent to RPE (9-11) (week 1-4) and exercise equivalent to RPE (11-12) (Week 5-8) and exercise equivalent to RPE (12-13) (week 9-12) 60 minutes a day for 3 days a week in 12 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: Body weight, fat mass, and body mass index had a significant lower in MG group than CG. There are no significant changes in blood profiles, and leptin. In conclusion, isometric based on MNIT may lead to development of an alternative therapy for middle-aged obese women.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on blood and tissue lipids of adult rats fed a high fat diet with or without supplemental cholesterol for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets containing 18%(w/w) beef tallow and three levels of calcium 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%. The contents of total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in blood, liver, small intestine, aorta, small intestinal contents and feces were determined. Only in rats fed the diets containing 1% cholesterol the concentration of cholesterol in aortic serum and various tissues significantly increased, and then decreased with increasing dietary calcium intake. Another observation was that high Ca intake significantly facilitated the fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion and bowel movement. These results suggest that possible hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary calcium could be related to the hypercholesterolemia and to the increase in excretion of fecal lipid and cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.355-359
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the hyperglycemic effects of mineral-rich salt in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and normal Wistar rats. Animals were divided into five groups, including a normal group, fed three different experimental salts [purified salt (PS), mineral-rich salt (WS1 and WS2), and bamboo salt (BS)] in the form of 1% salt solution for 12 weeks. Liver, kidney, and spleen weights were significantly increased in GK rats of salt groups as compared to Wistar normal group without salt. However, there was no difference among the salt groups. For serum lipids, total cholesterol level in the BS group and triglyceride level in the WS group were significantly reduced compared to those of the PS group. The concentration of blood glucose in the GK-PS group increased continuously during the experimental period, whereas that in the GK-WS group was significantly reduced at 12 weeks. In GK rats, glucose levels among the salt groups in OGTT by glucose were not significantly different compared to normal rats. Insulin and glucagon levels in blood were not significantly different among the groups, and no such association was observed for insulin. Pancreatic lslets of Langerhans in the PS group showed irregular formation compared to those of the normal, WS, and BS groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.826-833
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• 2019

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate whether hot temperature and rumen-protected fat (RPF) supplementation affect growth performance, rumen characteristics, and serum metabolites in growing stage of Korean cattle steers. Methods: Twenty Korean cattle steers ($230.4{\pm}4.09kg$ of body weight [BW], $10.7{\pm}0.09months$ of age) were divided into a conventional control diet group (n = 10) and a 0.8% RPF supplementation group (n = 10). Steers were fed 1.5% BW of a concentrate diet and 4 kg of tall fescue hay for 16 weeks (July 10 to August 6 [P1], August 7 to September 3 [P2], September 4 to October 1 [P3], October 2 to 30 [P4], of 2015). Results: The mean temperature-humidity index (THI) was higher (p<0.001) in P1 (76.8), P2 (76.3), and P3 (75.9) than in P4 (50.9). The mean THI of P1-3 were within the alert heat stress (HS) category range according to previously reported categories for feedlot cattle, and the mean THI of P4 was under the thermo-neutral range. Neither month nor RPF supplementation affected (p>0.05) average daily gain and gain to feed ratio. Month and RPF supplementation affected concentrations of glucose, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL); those of albumin and glucose tended to decrease (p<0.10), but HDL concentration increased (p<0.01) by RPF supplementation. Neither month nor RPF affected (p>0.05) ruminal pH, $NH_3-N$, and volatile fatty acid concentrations, whereas the C2:C3 ratio was affected (p<0.05) by month. Conclusion: Korean cattle may not have been significantly affected by alert HS during the growing stage. Growth performance was higher during hotter months, although some changes in blood metabolites were observed. The RPF supplementation affected some blood lipids and carbohydrate metabolites but did not affect growth performance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2023

Purpose: This study evaluates the potential protective effects of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil supplementation in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods: Rats were fed a 1.25% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, followed by oral administration of either of the two doses of hemp seed oil (HO) (0.5 mL/kg (HOL group) or 1 mL/kg (HOH group) body weight/day) or simvastatin at 10 mg/kg body weight/day. Oxidative stress, lipids, liver enzymes, and renal markers were measured in the serum. Western blot analysis was applied for evaluating the expressions of inflammatory makers. Results: Except for HDL-cholesterol, the altered levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, urea, and creatine kinases in hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly corrected by HO administration. Especially, compared to the HOH group, HOL treatment further reduced AST, ALT, creatinine, TC, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Moreover, both the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor (CRF) in the HOL group were more restrained compared to the HOH group. Increased levels of p-AMPK coincided with the inhibition of SREBP-2 activation which subsequently suppressed the expression of HMGCR. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation coincided with the PI3K/Akt pathway activation and the increased phosphorylation of p38; these levels were significantly suppressed by HO treatment. In addition, HO treatment markedly reversed the changes in chemokines such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. Histological alterations induced by cholesterol overload in cardiac and hepatic tissues were ameliorated by HO supplementation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate a low concentration of HO demonstrates improved dysfunctions caused by a high-cholesterol diet via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1626-1632
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• 2008

Among patients who are receiving treatments at an oriental medical hospital for various symptoms and diseases, patients whose main disease is accompanied by metabolic syndrome with abnormal liver function. This research was performed in order to observe the progression of changes in the liver function and serum lipid profile after the oriental medical treatments to patients who have been receiving oriental medical treatment for various other diseases and have been diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome at their first visit to the hospital based on NCEP ATP III diagnosis criteria and WHO Asia Pacific region criteria. Total number of subject patients were 39cases(mean age:55.58${\pm}$2.09 years) which had 20 male and 19 female. For the references for hepatic enzyme levels and blood lipid profile were measured in before treatment and four times after treatments(every 2.31${\pm}$06.17 weeks). Serum AST was 48.86${\pm}$7.46 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment, 40.63${\pm}$4.69, 43.12${\pm}$5.46, 37.82${\pm}$4.52 IU/L were measured where although the level decreased to the normal level compared to pre-treatment, the value was not significant statistically(P>0.05). ALT was 66.26${\pm}$11.01 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment 62.10${\pm}$8.20, 61.10${\pm}$8.76, 43.79${\pm}$5.68 were measured where although the level decreased, abnormally high level was maintained. The last result was significant statistically(P<0.05) compared to pre-treatment. ALP was 193.06${\pm}$14.20 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment, 176.80${\pm}$6.48, 177.46${\pm}$11.81, 162.41${\pm}$9.06 where although compared to pre-treatment the last result was significant statistically(P<0.05), the change was within the normal range. ${\gamma}$-GGT was 87.83${\pm}$12.59 IU/L before oriental medical treatment. After the treatment, progressively near normal level was achieved with 118.73${\pm}$46.45, 85.03${\pm}$17.12, 70.64${\pm}$10.93 and the last result was statistically significant compared to pre-treatment (P<0.05). Blood triglyceride was 217.63${\pm}$32.18 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment. After treatment 215.09${\pm}$22.18, 189.93${\pm}$22.44, 191.22${\pm}$18.51 where abnormal values continued even after treatment although results was not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). Total-cholesterol was 197.28${\pm}$9.24 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment, after treatment 201.55${\pm}$11.13, 186.87${\pm}$8.77 and 186.68${\pm}$7.61 were measured that results were not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). HDL-cholesterol was 41.88${\pm}$2.38 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment, after treatment 48.75${\pm}$4.22, 44.10${\pm}$1.91, 48.00${\pm}$2.06 the results were not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). LDL-cholesterol was 111.66${\pm}$13.08 mg/dL before oriental medical treatment, after treatment 109.94${\pm}$10.18, 101.79${\pm}$8.63, 104.00${\pm}$6.98 the results were not statistically significant compared to pre-treatment(P>0.05). With such results, even if common oriental medical treatments were given to metabolic syndrome patients with abnormal liver function, the liver function was confirmed not to be aggravated, and the concentration of lipids in the blood was confirmed not to be affected in most patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.827-836
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• 2014

There is a rising trend in obesity due to various factors, including changes in eating habits, lack of exercise, and genetic and psychological factors. Citrus peel has been reported to prevent obesity via antioxidative, antihypertensive, and LDL cholesterol-lowering effects. This study investigated the effects of citrus peel extract fermented with or without Aspergillus oryzae in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. The animals were divided into four groups: a high-fat diet group (HFD), a normal fat diet (NFD) group, a citrus peel extract (CP) group, and a citrus peel extract fermented with A. oryzae (CPA) group. The citrus peel extract improved lipid metabolism and weight loss in the high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. As expected, the body weight was higher in the HFD group compared with the NFD, CP, and CPA groups. However, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TG) and triglyceride (TC) in the serum and liver of the CP and CPA groups were lower than in the HFD group. There were no significant differences in the HDL cholesterol concentration among the groups. Taken together, our results suggest that extract of citrus peel biotransformed with A. oryzae had more antiobesity activity than citrus peel not transformed by A. oryzae through the fermentation of metabolites.