• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of the pine needle sap administration on serum lipid composition and liver antioxidant defense system in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. three control groups were fed with 5% lipid diet and three high fat groups were fed with 30% lipid diet. Each group was administered with the following pine needle sap respectively : C-0.0, 1.ml water, C-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water C-1.0, 1.ml pine needle sap : H-0.0, 1.ml water, H-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water H-1.0, 1.0ml pinus needle sap. After 4 weeks of experimental periods the level of serum obtained and serum lipid was measured respectively. The results were as follows 1. Significant low level was observed for food intake, weight gain, FER in the experimental group administered with the pine needle sap. 2. No difference of the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed out the experimental group with 5% fat diet, however out of the experimental group with 30% fat diet it was low in (H-1.0) group where 1.0ml of the pine needle sap was administrated. 3. In the experimental group with 5% fat diet the concentration of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was low, especially the hypocholesteromic effect in serum administered by the pine needle sap was significantly high in group C-1.0 where 1.0ml of pine needle sap was administered. In the high fat group provided with 30% fat when the pine needle sap was administered there was a tendency that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased however there was no difference significantly. 4. Serum GOT activity was relatively high in high fat diet group. However, when 1$m\ell$ of pine needle sap was administered the activity was lower than that of the control group in H-1.0 group and the activity level was similar with that of the high fat diet group in c-1.0 group. There was no difference of serum GPT activitives followed by the administered of pine needle sap among the experimental group. 5. Liver TBARS levels were high in general in high fat diet group, however it showed no difference when the pine needle sap with different concentration level was administered. The results of this study indicate that the pine needle sap administration was effective in decreasing the food intake and weight gain of the experimental animals in the high fat diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and GOT activities. However it was not effective to change the level of TBARS and GSH -Px activities of liver. Thus, it was found that the pine needle sap administration was effective for the improvement of serum lipid composition condition of the experimental animals in the high fat diet group but it was not effective in the antioxidant defense system of liver.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate the changes in the lipid composition and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in serum of rats exposed to microwave radiation, and to examine improving effects of green tea catechin to the lipid composition. The microwave-exposed rats received the normal and one of 3 diets: catechin free (MW-0C), 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C) or 0.5% catechin (MW-0.5C). Rats were sacrificed 6th day after microwave radiation (2.45 ㎓, 15 min). The concentration of serum triglyceridein MW-0C group was increased by 85%, compared with the normal group, but that of MW-0.25C group with 0.25% catechin supplementation was to 17% lower, compared with the MW-0C group. There was no significant difference between normal group and MW-0.5C group. Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by 21.4% and 38.6%, respectively, by microwave irradiation. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in MW-0C group was lower to 29.3%, but it was maintained at the normal level by catechin supplementation. There was no significant difference among four groups in HLD-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol. Atherogenic index in MW-0C group was increased by 56%, compared with the normal group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in lung tissue of MW-0C group was increased by 59 %, while that of MW -0.25C and MW -0.5C group were maintained at the normal level. ACE activity of MW-0C group in serum was increased by 122.8%, compared with the normal group. Catechin supplementation group was significantly reduced, compared with the MW-0C group ACE activity. In conclusion, microwave irradiation increased the serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and ACE activity which are considered as the blood pressure increasing agents. However, catechin supplementation decreased the level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ACE activity, which maybe consider catechin as being agent of lowering effect for blood lipid profile for athero-genesis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.384-391
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate effects of lobster shrimp chitosan on serum and liver lipid levels in rats fed high fat and cholesterol diets. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 4-weeks old, weighing 70$\pm$5g, were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks: basal diet+5% cellulose(group 1), high lipid diet+5% cellulose(group 2, control group), high lipid diet+5% balloon flower root(group 3), high lipid diet+5% cellulose(group 4, high lipid diet+5% lobster shrimp chitosan(group 5). Concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, phospholipid in serum and liver were determined. The results obtained were as followes: Serum total cholesterol concentration were significantly reduced in all supplemented group compared with control. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were higher in groups 1, 4, and 5 and the ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol concentration were higher in groups 1, 4, while the atherogenic-indices were lower in groups 1, and 4 than control. Concentrations of LDL, LDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester were significantly lower in all supplemented groups than the control group. Concentrations of phospholipid and triglyceride were lower in groups 3, 4, 5, while activities of GPT and GOT were significantly lower in groups 4, 5 than the other group. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were high in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Liver contents of total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester were lower in the groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 than in the control group, especially lower in groups 1, and 5. Liver triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in the groups 1, and 5 than in the other groups. The results from the data suggested that the experimental diet containing 5% lobster shrimp chitosan was effective to reduce the serum and liver lipids.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2002

Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as a major risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Several investigators have reported the strong association between smoking and high serum cholesterol, triglyceride concentration, SFA and low HDL cholesterol, PUFA and $\omega$6 concentrations. Therefore, this study was done to investigate the effect of smoking on the serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of college women. Sixty-one non-smokers and twenty-seven smokers were selected from college women students in the Seoul area. Their lipid intake, serum lipid concentration and fatty acid composition were examined. There were no differences in the general characteristics and anthropometric indices between the smokers and non-smokers. However, alcohol consumption was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.001). The daily caloric intake of smokers and non-smokers were 1875.84 kcal and 1915.53 kacl, respectively. On the other hand, the mean daily intake of lipids and cholesterol were significantly lower in smokers (p<0.05). In smokers, the mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were higher, and the compositions of EPA and DHA were lowe than in non-smokers. There was a negative correlation between the serum triglyceride and PUFA levels in the two groups. Also, serum HDL-C correlated negatively with MUFA in smokers and non-smokers (p<0.01). These results suggest that smoking cause inadequate changes in serum lipid profile and serum fatty acid composition, thereby increasing the tendency for coronary heart disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.713-725
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• 1999

Women have a greater incidence of coronary heart disease(CHD) after menopause. It relates to hormone imbalance-induced changes in known CHD risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia. Accordingly, once women are diagnosed, the rate of morbidity and mortality is greater than for men. Thus, preventive strategies are critical to improve the quality oflife in the later years for women. The purpose of ths study was to explore the difference of anthropometric, environmental factors and food behaviors between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia within postmenopausal women. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on the Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The distributions of general characteristics such as age, family income, occupation status, age at menarche, and menopausal period were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. The anthropometric factors such as body mass index(BMI) and waist hip ratio(WHR) were not significantly different between the normocholesteroemia group and the hypercholesterolemia group but odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia group was higher than that of normocholesterolemia but not significant. Aerobic activity more than 1hours/day was significantly related to low serum cholesterol concentration. Eating behaviors related to regular meal time, regular breakfast habit, and slow meal speed were related to low serum cholesterol concentration. Eating the chicken without skin was significantly related to low serum cholesterol concentration. Our data indicate that desirable eating habit, aerobic activity more than 1hr/day are important factors of serum cholesterol concentrations in postmenopausal women. The result of this study provide information that is important in designing appropriate dietary guidelines for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 1984

식이중 지방 수준과 fiber 종류가 흰 쥐의 혈청과 간 조직내의 지질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 지방 수준을 0% , 5% , 20% 수준으로 달리 하였으며 fiber 종류는 고지방 식이군( 20% 지방 )에 pectin과 cellulose를 각각 10% 수준으로 첨가하였다. 또 식이내 cholesterol첨가의 효과를 관찰하기 위해 고지방 식이군에 0.5% cholesterol을 첨가한 후 pectin과 cellulose를 10%씩 넣어 전체적으로 7군으로 나누어 각 각 다른 식이로 4주간 사양한 후 혈청과 간에서 지질 함량을 조사하였으며 간 조직의 형태학적 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 식이 섭취량은 지방 수준이 낮을수록 높았으나 뚜렷한 차이는 보이지 않았으며 pectin과 cellulose 첨가로 인해서 섭취량이 줄었다. 증체량은 지방 수준이나 fiber종류에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 변의 무게는 지방 수준에 따른 차이는 없었으나 fiber 첨가로 인해서는 pectin은 약간의 감소를 cellulose 는 뚜렷한 증가를 보였다. 또 cholesterol을 첨가한 군 간의 비교에서도 pectin첨가군은 감소를 cellulose첨가군은 증가를 나타냈다. 간과 epididymal fat pad의 무게는 지방 수준이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였으며 fiber 종류에 따라서는 pectin첨가군이 cellulose 첨가 군 보다 낮았다. 2) 혈청 분석 결과는 식이내 지방 수준이 높을수록 total lipids수준이 높아지는 경향을 보였으며 pectin이 cellulose보다 혈청내 지질 수준을 뚜렷하게 낮추었다. Total cholesterol 및 phospholipids 량에 있어서도 지방 수준이 증가함에 따라 높아졌으며 cellulose보다 pectin이 첨가 되었을때 현저한 감소를 나타냈다. HDL- cholesterol수준은 무지방군에서는 매우 높게 나타났으나 표준군과 고지방군간에 는 명확한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 3) 간 분석 결과는 지방수준이 높을수록 total lipids량이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 또 pectin 첨가가 cellulose첨가군보다 현저히 낮은 lipids수준을 나타냈다. 간의 total cholesterol함량은 지방 수준이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였으나 뚜렷한 차이는 아니었으며 pectin첨가가 cellulose첨가보다 cholesterol 수준이 상당히 낮았다. 4) 간 조직의 현미경 관찰 결과는 지방 수준이 높아짐에 따라 조직내 지방 침착이 심해졌으며 fiber 의 첨가로 인해서는 pectin은 뚜렷한 지방 침착의 감소를 보였으나 cellulose는 거의 감소 효과를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 1994

The effects of dietary buckwheat vegetables on the in vitro HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipids profiles of serum and liver in rats were evaluated . Buckwheat vegetables were cultivated in the range of 1-15cm of the plant height and dried. The content of rutin in the dried vegetables did not varied largely with the differences in the height of the vegetables. The water extract from buckwheat vegetables activited in vitro HMG-CoA reductase, activity up to 150% of control. Male rats were fed on purified diets. supplemented with0.12% cholesterol, containing dried buckwheat vegetables(BWV, 5% of diet) or rutin 90.25% of diet) . Dietary BWV and rutin, compared with basal diet tended to decrease the concentration of serum cholesterol. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol were higher slightly in the rutin -fed group than in the other groups. The concentration of serum triacylglycerol was lower markedly in the rutin -fed groups than in the control groups, and BWV group being intermediate . The concentration of liver cholesterol was lower significantly in the BWV group than in the other groups. The results show an effective cholesterol-lowering action of buckwheat vegetables in serum and liver of rats fed on cholesterolemic diets. and that the hypocholesterolemic effects of buchwheat vegetables re not likely to be due to the modulation of the cholesterol synthesis rate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 1997

The effects of Artemisia princeps var orientalis(mugwort), Circium japonicum var ussuriense(Unggungqui) on serum lipid componets in rats was evaluated. Thirty rats divided into 5 experimental groups were fed with the diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate, 10% coconut oil and 5% lard(control diet), supplemetned with 5% plant powder or its water soluble extract(experimental diet) for 4 weeks. Proximate analysis data and compositions of ash, dietary fiber and fatty acids in plants were presented. The concentrations of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in Ungungqui powder, Ungungqui extract and mugwort powder diet groups than the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in Unggunqui powder and Unggunqui extract diet group than the control. The concentration of LDL was significantly lower in Unggungqui power or extract diet group compared to the control. The values of VLDL and chylomicron were comparatively lower in Unggungqui power and mugwort powder diet group than in the other diet groups. The concentration of seum triglyceride and phospholipid was lower in Unggungqui powder diet group than in the control.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.659-664
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• 1999

Male mice (ddY strain) were fed with the chow diet containing 10% sucrose supplemented with orotic acid at the 1% level or/and taurine at the 5% levels for 14 days. The concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in the orotic acid group than the control group. When taurine and orotic acid were administered simultaneously, the concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the liver were higher and lower, respectively, compared to the orotic acid group. The concentration of triacylglycerol in the serum was higher in the taurine group than that of the control or the orotic acid groups, and the simultaneous supplementation of orotic acid and taurine further enhanced. There were no significantly difference in body weight gain, diary food intake, and the concentrations of serum cholesterol and hepatic phospholipid. These results suggest that dietary taurine stimulated the increasion of hepatic triacylglycerol by orotic acid in mouse.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1985

The effects of dietary magnesium, calcium on the serum cholesterol concentration in rabbit was studied for a period of 21 days using isocalorids and isonitrogenous basal diet. It is investigated that the serum cholesterol level lowering by feeding with calcium, magnesium, sesame oil and perilla oil, did not appeared but perilla oil and magnesium feeding group appeared a little bit lowering. There was no effect for the total protein, but there was some sort of effect for albumin and globulin. Particulary, alpa-globulin was increased by calcium, magnesium, sesame oil and perilla oil feeding groups. The esterified cholesterol was increased at the magnesium and perilla oil diet group. It is also, investigate that there is almost no effect for the electrolytes concentration and transport phenomena in the cell through magnesium, calcium, sesame oil and perilla oil diet groups.